äärimmäinen ristiriita identiteetin ja ruumiin välillä

TS:
http://www.seta.fi/transtukipiste/transsukupuolisuus/ttp0411.php
http://www.trasek.net/deegeet.htm
http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2002/20021053
http://www.trasek.net/Duod1103.pdf

TV:
http://www.dreamwearclub.net/imaget/gradu.doc

Ref:
http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/TSprevalence.html

Association between sex steroid related genes and male-to-female transsexualism

Transsexualism is characterized by a lifelong discomfort with the assigned sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The etiology of transsexualism is unknown, but several authors have suggested that it is related to an aberration in the early sexual differentiation of various brain structures. Animal experiments have shown that this sexual differentiation of the brain is mainly due to an influence of testosterone, acting via androgen receptors (ARs) but also, after aromatase-catalyzed conversion to estradiol, via estrogen receptors (ERs). The aim of the present study was to examine the possible importance of three different sex steroid-related genes for the susceptibility of male-to-female transsexualism. The polymorphisms investigated were 1) a tetra nucleotide polymorphism in intron 4 of the aromatase gene, 2) a CAG repeat sequence in the first exon of the AR gene, and 3) a CA repeat polymorphism of the ER beta gene. Subjects were 28 genetically male transsexuals and 30 healthy male controls. Transsexuals more often had a long variant of the tetra nucleotide repeat polymorphism of the aromatase gene (187 bp) and less often a shorter variant (171 bp) than did controls. The lengths of the CAG repeat sequence of the AR gene did not differ between transsexuals and controls; however, transsexuals with a short variant of the aromatase gene had a long variant of the AR gene significantly more often than did controls with a short variant of the aromatase gene. The longest variants of the ER beta gene polymorphism were more frequent in Transsexuals than in controls, particularly in those with a long variant of the AR gene polymorphism. The results indicate that a long variant of the aromatase gene, a long variant of the AR gene, and a long variant of the ER beta gene are three independent risk factors for the development of transsexualism.

Departments of Clinical Neuroscience amd Pharmacology, Göteborg University, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Möndahl, SE-431 80 Mölndahl, Sweden.


Ref:
http://transray.com/db/db.php?i=1.3374