Missä maissa

koskaan ainakaan tavannut.

Islanti?? on varmaan.

Uusi-Seelanti?? ehkä.

Afrikan pikkuvaltioita??

Löytyy yleensä jos on sosiaalihuolto.

Etelä-Amerikan maissa tuskin on.

.
jotain ololtaan satavuotiaita vanhakarvoja kyllä löytyy täältä jotka osaa pari sanaa romanikieltä

Lainaus:

The Roma Long Persecution
No other single human population has been victims of long suffering like Roma .Laws were enacted against them everywhere they went.If any one single aspect of their history has been dominant, it must, unfortunately,
be that of their persecution, forced assimilation,Discrimination,expulsion,
slavery,transportation,torture,incarceration
sterilization,extermination,banishment,rejection
genocide,shot, hanged,beaten
and clubbed to death,herded into the gas chambers, and forced to dig their
own graves,medical experimentation, and tested for a reaction to extreme freezing temperatures.

Slavery in this countries at same time.
Romania 500year
France 300year
Australia 300year
Russia 400 year
Usa 300year
South America 300 year

Roma have been the victims of slavery and genocide, transportation and torture.
No other single human population has endured so widely and so consistently
the suffering of the Rom. At first incarceration, then expulsion, sterilization,
and finally extermination were techniques employed by the Nazis to deal
with Gypsies,
Although there were two Romani transportees with Columbus on his second
voyage in 1498, Roma began to reach the Americas in any numbers in the sixteenth
century, shipped here as slaves in the plantations. Others
came to the United States at the end of the last century, fleeing slavery
in Europe (Hancock, 1987; Nunes, 1996). However, as victims of discriminatory
immigration policy beginning in 1883, they were turned away at Ellis Island,
and even those who managed to come in across the Mexican or Canadian borders
met anti-Gypsy laws, some of which were still on the books and being put
into effect as recently as last year. No other ethnic minority in the 1990s
in this country has been the target of repressive laws which named them
specifically and forbade (or require a license for) them to establish homes
or to work in different counties and states. No other ethnic minority has
special police bureaus monitoring its movements or specialists compiling
a computerized files of its names, addresses, and genealogies

If any one single aspect of their history has been dominant, it must, unfortunately,
be that of their persecution, forced assimilation, enslavement, and yes,
even genocide carried out against them by the Nazi's.

Laws were enacted against them everywhere they went. The history of the
response of the countries in which they have lived has been uniformly one
of rejection, mistrust, fear, banishment, enslavement, torture, and murder.
Current estimates are that roughly 600,000 Roma were exterminated by the
Nazi's, roughly "1/4 to 1/3 of their numbers in all of Europe and as much
as 70% of those in areas where Nazi control had been established the longest


Long before the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, the European Roma were
despised and rejected Persecution of the Roma started before the Holocaust,
tracing back as far as year as 1093.

Early Persecution in Europe from year around 1100.

The King of Denmark, in 1349, decreed that any leader of a Roma band found
on Danish soil was to be sentenced to death. Any vessel bringing in Roma
would be confiscated. From that time on, and until 1891, any Rom found in
Denmark was subject to deportation. "Gypsy" hunts were organized with rewards
to those who captured and kill a Rom.

Norway, too, confiscated any vessel that brought Roma to Norwegian soil.
In the nineteenth century, Norway passed a law allowing Roma to remain in
the country only if they abandoned their nomadic ways. Norwegians found
the Roma way of life unsanitary, and felt justified in taking Roma children
away from their parents.

Sweden enacted harsh laws to deter the Roma, also. Roma were not allowed
to enter the country. Those who managed to do so were immediately expelled.
Those who failed to leave were brutally attacked or hanged. All Roma who
managed to escape to neighboring Finland were driven back to Sweden, since
Finland also refused them.


France enacted a series of expulsion laws beginning in 1310. Throughout
the sixteenth century any Roma caught in the country were flogged. In the
following century, Romani women who were captured had their heads shaved
and were sent to workhouses. The men were put into chains in galleys.

In the 1420 century England, Roma were ordered to leave or be imprisoned
because the English believed them to be sorcerers, thieves and cheats. Signs
were posted in the English countryside, telling the Roma that they must
leave England. Those who remained were given two days to leave. Failure
to do so meant death. Despite this, many Roma hid in the countryside. In
1562, all English men and women who showed sympathy with the Roma became
subject to punishment. The Romani way of life was considered a crime, and
those who kept company with or in any way imitated Roma were guilty of this
crime.


Some European countries deported the Roma to their colonies as slaves . The English sent many of their Roma to Barbados, Australia, and
North America. The French sent many of their Roma to Louisiana in the early
nineteenth century, but this plan was later abandoned when Louisiana was
sold to the United States. The Portuguese sent hundreds of their Roma to
Brazil, and the Spanish deported many to their South American colonies.


Repressive laws were also common.Speaking of Romani was forbidden. Roma were forced to abandon their traditional
clothing and could not own horses. No marriage was permitted between them.
They were not allowed to gather in large groups. At one time, Roma who neither
conformed to Spanish ways nor left the country were made slaves.

Slavery was a solution to the "Gypsy problem" in other countries. Because
of a shortage of workers in Wallachia and Moldavia (present day Romania),
Roma were forced into serfdom. They were owned by local rulers, and some
were even owned by the government. The church not only condoned this practice
but also bought Roma slaves. This practice continued until around 1897.

Switzerland allowed "Gypsy" hunts in the sixteenth century, as did Holland
in the eighteenth century. In the former Moravia, it was allowed to cut
off the left ear of all Romani women who were caught. In Bohemia, removal
of the right ear was legal.
In Hungary the Roma were taken into slavery in the fifteenth century. Once
freed, a number of restrictive measures were taken against them, including
a 1740 law that stated that no Rom could perform metalworking outside his
tent. This law was aimed at any attempt by the Roma to compete against native
metalworkers.


In 1761, the Queen of Hungary decided to turn these Roma into what she called
"New Hungarians." They were supplied tools, seed and animals for farming,
despite the fact that they had never shown any interest in farming. The
Romani language was outlawed, and they were not permitted to trade horses
or to sleep in tents. The Queen's son and successor carried on and implemented
his mother's policies. Nomadic communities were forced to settle, children
were required to attend school and go to church. Adolescent Roma were taken
from their families to learn trades. Roma music was prohibited, except on
special holidays. All these measures failed, and by the nineteenth century
the Roma had gained a certain amount of freedom.

1933-1945

The fundamental hostility towards the Roma remained unchanged, reaching
its most tragic limits in Hitler's Germany before and during World War II.
The Roma were seen as "asocial," a source of crime and culturally inferior.
When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933, his Nazi administration
inherited "anti-Gypsy" laws that had been in force since the Middle Ages.

On 15 September 1935, Jews were restricted by the Nuremberg Law for the
Protection of Blood and Honor, and Roma were added later in 1937. This law
forbade intermarriage or sexual intercourse between Aryan and non-Aryan
peoples. Criteria for classification as a Rom were twice as strict as those
applied to Jews. If two of a person's eight great-grandparents were even
part-Rom, that person "had too much Gypsy blood to be allowed to live."
According to the Nazi hierarchical system, Roma belonged with Jews at the
bottom of the racial scale.

In 1937, the Roma were forced into concentration camps, officially called
"resident camps" at Dachau, Dieselstrasse, Mahrzan and Vennhausen. The Roma
interned included those found in Germany and in the Nazi occupied countries.
The Nazi Party was given the cooperation of other European governments in
its campaign to locate and identify Roma throughout Europe. Prisoners at
Buchenwald were worked to death as slave laborers in the camp quarry or
at outlying arms factories. There were no gas chambers but thousands were
shot, hanged, or tortured to death by the camp's guards.

To the Nazis, being a Rom meant being diseased, so these prisoners were
sterilized to prevent them from spreading this disease by reproduction.
Some Roma were sterilized as early as 1933, though no Jews had yet been.


In July 1938, the Endloesung, or Final Solution, plans were being finalized.
Among the many categories of Nazi victims, only the Roma and the Jews were
singled out for annihilation on racial grounds. Only Jews and Roma were
considered genetically "tainted," threatening German racial purity. During
the following months, Roma were transported to the camps in Poland. These
Roma movements were later stopped because of the expense involved. Roma
in the Baltic States, Poland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Hungary
and the rest of Nazi-occupied Europe were forced into camps for later extermination.


In February 1943, large-scale roundups were established in Germany, and
over ten thousand Roma had arrived in Sachsenhausen by April. Hitler's infamous
deputy, Heinrich Himmler, decided that the Roma camps were to be eliminated,
and began a program of liquidation. Roma were beaten and clubbed to death,
herded into the gas chambers, and forced to dig their own graves.

The fate of the Roma paralleled the tragic fate of the Jews, who were also
imprisoned and exterminated. They were tortured, used for inhuman scientific
experiments, and put to death in the infamous gas chambers. One of the worst
of the camps, Auschwitz, held sixteen thousand Roma at one point. By August
1944, only four thousand Roma remained. After a visit by Himmler, the last
imprisoned Roma were led to the gas chambers. In September of 1939, there
was an official conference to plan the deportation of 30,000 German Gypsies.
Women who were pregnant at the time were sterilized and many died because
of this. Gypsy girls were also subject to this procedure so that they were
not able to endanger the purity of the peasants who were of German blood.
The SS doctors sterilized one hundred and twenty girls in Ravensbruck. (UNESCO
Courier, 24) The Roma were also deported. Many were sent to the ghettos
in Poland were the living conditions were inhuman. Most commonly they were
shot naked, facing their pre-dug graves. This is what the Nazi?s considered
a speedy extermination. The Nazi?s also used various torture methods. Gypsies
were subjected to medical experimentation, gas chambers, and tested for
a reaction to extreme freezing temperatures. Either way the people were
terminated.

It has been said also that shooting the Roma was difficult because they
did not stand still like the Jews. They would move constantly and cry out.
Some have been reported as to jumping into the grave before being shot and
pretending to be dead. The Gypsies tried to resist death. Their music helped
them endure the pain and suffering. They would gather and sing with the
children dancing. Younger Gypsies tried escaping but to no avail. Others
attacked their enemies with only a knife as a weapon so desperate where
they for freedom.



An estimated 1.5 million Roma were murdered from 1935 to the end of World
War II


1945 to Present

Gypsies today now face the same type of persecution but on a smaller level.
The reasoning of the Nazi?s is back. The governments in Central and Eastern
Europe cannot it seems provide a way to stop the violence against the people.
Increasing violence and discrimination is felt in many countries where it
was not known before, such as Yugoslavia and the Czech Republic. Discrimination
ranges from citizenship restrictions to signs on doors stating that no Gypsies
are allowed. Violence has occurred from individual acts or from mob activity.


Past prejudices have been reawakened when communism collapsed across the
Soviet. The Roma, who were beheaded during the Middle Ages, murdered during
the Holocaust, and sterilized in the Cold War, are being attacked once again.
It was reported in November 1997 that a 14-year-old Gypsy in Yugoslavia
was attacked going to the store by a group of skinheads who hit him with
a metal pipe, crushing his head. (Knight-Ridder, 325) In the Czech Republic,
where Gypsies once sought refuge are now feeling targeted by the "skinheads".
Austria also has had reports of violence towards the Roma. Four Gypsies
died when a booby trap exploded in Oberwart. The people do not only bring
on violence but the police also bring it on. Brutality is encouraged and
even organized by officials against the Roma and many more against Roma

Similar cases have been reported in Bulgaria. Regular villagers mostly likely
caused a recent mob attack against the Gypsies. The people seem to have
exemption when it comes to crimes committed against the Roma and the state
looks the other way.

In Romania, where the population of the Gypsies is over two million, violence
has been more lethal and frequent. In the town of Turulung, thirty-eight
houses were destroyed and a child of three years disappeared. (The Nation,
520) The authorities avoid prosecuting any crime committed against the Roma.The chairman for the Republika Party seeking racial purity
states, "You know, the Gypsy problem during communism was a hidden fire.
Now, it?s an open flame." (Knight-Ridder, 1209) Nations should consider
the effects the Holocaust had on many, learn from it not repeat

Ei taida tuolla paavin hallitsemassa Vatikaanivaltiossa olla.