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  1. "Kretupelle haluaisi lukea supersankaristaan Mr. Sebaotista. Sitä hän tarkoittaa, kun kertoo kaipaavansa jotain uutta; ei hän suinkaan uusia tieteellisiä tutkimuksia kaipaa."

    Niin varmasti haluaisi lukea, mutta uskoisin monien kreationistien myös kyllästyneen "tylsiin" elämän syntyä käsitteleviin avauksiini, koska niissä ei kuitenkaan ole lopullisesti selvitetty tuota tapahtumaa. Kretupellejen korviin minun kymmenet avaukset aiheesta kuulostavat varmaankin siltä, että soitan toistuvasti samaa vanhaa kulunutta levyä, vaikka tästä ei todellisuudessa olekaan kysymys.

    Eivät he tietenkään uusia tieteellisiä tutkimuksia kaipaa, koska he omistavat jo sen ainoan totuuden. Kiinnostusta keskusteluun kuitenkin varmasti syntyy sitten, kun tiede ilmoittaa ratkaisseensa mahdollisen tavan abiogeneesille kokonaisuudessaan. Toki he tämän tulevat kiistämään, mutta keskustelua se varmasti herättää. Yksittäisten ongelmakohtien selviäminen ei vielä näytä kiinnostavan.

    "Toki kretujen valheverstaan väärennökset tutkimuksista kelpaavat aina, mutta vasta ne."

    Näinhän se on.
  2. Jep :)
  3. "Pakko kai jäädä odottelemaan tarkempaa tietoa"

    Näin täytyy tehdä. En osaa itse tarkemmin vastata, mutta tutkimalla yksisoluisia ja monisoluisia organismeja ja vertailemalla niiden genomeja on siis havaittu, että yksisoluisille oli jo kehittynyt lähes kaikki tarvittavat palikat monisoluisuuteen. Duplikaatiot ja rekombinaatiot riittivivät ilmeisesti tuohon muutokseen, vaikka tarkkaa mekanismia ei käsittääkseni vielä oikein tunneta. Ja kuten nykyisin on havaittu, niin yksisoluiset organismit voivat muuttua monisoluisiksi, joten miksei näin olisi tapahtunut myös menneisyydessä.

    Jerry Coynen kirjoitus on mielestäni hyvä, vaikka hänkin vain spekuloi noista mahdollisista syistä muutokseen.

    "Is this surprising? Well, not really. I’m not sure most biologists would have suggested that multicellularity requires a wholesale restructuring of the types of proteins present in one-celled species. If that were true, it would be very difficult to go from one-cell to multi-cells in an adaptive, step-by-step fashion.. I would have thought that changes in protein sequence (not type) were important and, perhaps, changes in how genes are used—how they are turned on and off, and when. (This is a suggestion for which biologist Sean Carroll is famous. I once questioned it, but now am coming around to his point of view.)

    Perhaps the transition from one cell to a Volvox-type species involves changes in gene expression or timing. Prochnik et al. didn’t look at “microRNAs” (miRNA), those bits of the genome that are involved in selectively silencing genes after they’re transcribed into messenger RNA but before they produce protein. Nor did they investigate expression patterns of genes (something that’s obviously going to happen soon, as it’s not too hard to do), or look at the regulatory regions of protein-coding genes. Finally, it’s still possible that although multicellularity here didn’t require new types of proteins, it did rest in a crucial way on changes in the sequences of those proteins. That would be a hard thing to study.

    Prochnik et al. recognize this: as they say in the paper, “Further studies of gene regulation and the role of noncoding RNAs will be enabled by the Volvox genome sequence, allowing a more complete understanding of the transformation from a cellularly complex Chlamydomonas-like ancestor to a morphologically and developmentally complex ‘fierce roller.’”

    It seems, then, that at least this critical step in the original of multicellular species may require not wholesale changes in the types of genes in the genome, but a few critical tweaks in how those genes are expressed.

    And let us not forget that the building blocks for all of this rested on things that had already evolved in one-celled organisms, which in themselves are fantastically complex, with elaborate networks of genes for metabolism, excretion, protection, movement, DNA replication, DNA translation into protein, and cell division. Single cells may look simple, but Lord, they’re not!

    As one my my colleagues commented after reading this paper, “Maybe all the hard work was done by bacteria.”
  4. "Korkean tietoisuuden ensimmäiset merkit (symbolinen viestintä) ovat alle sadantuhannen vuoden takaa.Neduilta niitä ei ole jäänyt."

    Nedujen kognitiiviset taidot olivat toki monilta osin selvästi heikommat kuin nykyihmisellä, mutta kyllä heillä on näyttänyt olevan kyky symboliseen viestintään ja sitä myötä korkeampaan tietoisuuteen, vaikkakaan ei selvästikkään aivan samanlaiseen, kuin samaan aikaan eläneillä nykyihmisillä.

    "Neanderthals were thought to be almost exclusively carnivorous[1] and apex predators.[2] However, new studies indicate that they had cooked vegetables in their diet.[3][4] They made advanced tools, had language (the nature of which is debated) and lived in complex social groups.

    Most specialists credit the Neanderthals with speech abilities not radically different from those of modern Homo sapiens. An indirect line of argument is that their tool-making and hunting tactics would have been difficult to learn or execute without some kind of speech.[39] A recent extraction of DNA from Neanderthal bones indicates that Neanderthals had the same version of the FOXP2 gene as modern humans.

    Neanderthal and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sites show a smaller and different toolkit than those found in Upper Paleolithic sites, which were perhaps occupied by modern humans that superseded them. Fossil evidence indicating who may have made the tools found in Early Upper Paleolithic sites is still missing. A survey of 332 archeological sites occupied over a period of 200,000 years under varying climatic conditions using lithic tool data from 190 layers at 103 sites showed that the Neanderthal toolkit changed little, showing technological inertia, a slower rate of variability compared to modern humans whose toolkits show more economic reactivity, variety in response to changing conditions. In addition to the obvious hypothesis that Neanderthals were not very creative despite having larger brains than modern humans, an alternate demographic hypothesis is that there were never very many Neanderthals, perhaps less than 10,000, making the probability of innovation low

    Although much has been made of the Neanderthals' burial of their dead, their burials were less elaborate than those of anatomically modern humans. The interpretation of the Shanidar IV burials as including flowers, and therefore being a form of ritual burial,[27] has been questioned.[28] On the other hand, five of the six flower pollens found with Shanidar IV are known to have had 'traditional' medical uses, even among relatively recent 'modern' populations. In some cases Neanderthal burials include grave goods, such as bison and aurochs bones, tools, and the pigment ochre.

    A 2009 report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on two archaeological sites in the Murcia province of southern Spain records the discovery of shells showing pigment residues, and concludes that these were used by the Neanderthals as make-up containers. Sticks of the black pigment manganese have previously been discovered in Africa. These may have been used as body paint by Neanderthals.[34] According to one study, Neanderthal use of pigments including red ochre was restricted to interglacial periods, disappearing during glacial periods.[35]

    Recent new dating techniques of cave art has suggested the possibility Neanderthals were cave painters. Many cave paintings are much older than previously thought, and possibly pre-date the arrival of H. sapiens.[36]

    While some Neanderthals used caves for shelter, the Molodova archaeological site in eastern Ukraine suggests others built dwellings using animal bones. A building was made of mammoth skulls, jaws, tusks and leg bones, and had 25 hearths inside.[37]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_behavior

    Monissa kognitiivisissa ja sosiaalisissa taidoissa nedut olivat silloin eläneisiin nykyihmisiin verrattuna "alkeellisia", mutta ei heitä tarvitse vähätellä.