Koraani 30:2-4
Roomalaiset on voitettu
lähellä olevassa maassa, mutta lähitulevaisuudessa he tappionsa jälkeen pääsevät voittajiksi
muutaman vuoden kuluttua . Jumalalle kuuluu käskyvalta alussa ja lopussa, ja tuona päivänä uskovaiset ovat onnellisia
Tukeudun väitteissäni Abu Bakriin ja muslimi kommenttatoreihin!
Bakr uskoi, että ”muutama vuosi” tarkoittaa kolmea vuotta, jonka jälkeen bysanttilaiset voittaa persialaiset! Muslimikommentaattori Abdullah Yusuf Alin mukaankin tämä aika on
"... Bidh’un in the text means a short period - a period of from three to nine years. The period between the loss OF JERUSALEM (614-15) by the Romans and their victory at Issus (622) was seven years, and that to the penetration of Persia by Heraclius was nine years." (Ibid. n. 3507;
Kuitenkin oletan hyväksyit että tämä haarukka on 3-9 vuoden välillä ja suuran ”ilmestymisvuosi” on joko 614 tai 615 jKr ! Siis alan esittämään tästä näkökulmasta asian.
Tässä säkeen tulkinnassa on kaksi mahdollisuutta !
Eli tässä kohtaa tarkoitetaan että Bysanttilaiset ovat jo voittaneet persialaiset ( eli elettäisiin vuotta 628 jKr ja näin ollen ennustus olisi väärä ja profeetta Muhammed samaten!) Ette kuitenkaan voi hyväksyä tätä ensimmäistä tulkintaa
Toinen mahdollisuus on että viimeistään vuoden 622 jKr jälkeen alkaneet kamppailut olisivat olleet bysanttilaisten juhlaa!
Jotta saisimme kokonaiskuvan asiasta käytän kahta lähdettä!
The Encyclopedia Americana, 2000 Edition, Volume 4, p. 115 ja Encyclopædia Britannica
Toivottavasti ei haittaa että käytän alkuperäistä eng. aineistoa! JJ
The Encyclopedia Americana, 2000 Edition, Volume 4, p. 115 sanoo Heracliuksesta
Heraclius found the empire in domestic turmoil. The Slavs threatened in the Balkans, the Persians and Visigoths in Asia Minor; in 615 the Persians reached the Bosporous, and in 619 they conquered Egypt. At first, Heraclius concentrated on internal reorganization of the empire. Then, in 622, he left Constantinople to begin a counterattack against the Persians. His military reforms bore fruit WHEN HE DESTROYED THE PERSIAN ARMY AT NINEVAH IN 627.
p. 421 Khosrow II, the Americana
... In 614 Khosrow’s army entered Jerusalem, sacked the Holy Sepulchre, and carried off the "True Cross" to the Sassanian capital at Ctesiphon. In 617 the Persians took Chalcedon, opposite Constantinople. Not until the forces of Emperor Heraclius crossed the Black Sea and took the offensive in the east were the armies of Khosrow and his chief general, Shahrbaraz, defeated in a series of brilliant campaigns (622-625).
In 626, Khosrow’s army, now rallied under his general Shahin, besieged Constantinople. But Heraclius again invaded Persian by way of Armenia and marched on the royal residence of Dastagird, from which Khosrow fled. A dynastic revolution led to Khosrow’s execution in 628 - an end, as poets sang, that was the more ignominious for the glory lost.
Encyclopædia Britannica Heracliuksesta
In 614 the Persians conquered Syria and Palestine, taking Jerusalem and what was believed to be Christ’s Cross, and in 619 occupied Egypt and Libya...
In 622, clad as a penitent and bearing a sacred image of the Virgin, he left Constantinople, as prayers rose from its many sanctuaries for victory over the Persian Zoroastrians, the recovery of the Cross, and the reconquest of Jerusalem...
The next two years he devoted to campaigns in Armenia, the manpower of which was vital to the empire, and to a devastating invasion of Persia. In 625 Heraclius retired to Anatolia. He had encamped on the west bank of the Sarus River when the Persian forces appeared on the opposite bank. Many of his men rushed impetuously across the bridge and were ambushed and annihilated by the enemy.
Emerging from his tent, Heraclius saw the triumphant Persians crossing the bridge. The fate of the Empire hung in the balance. Seizing his sword, he ran to the bridge and struck down the Persian leader. His soldiers closed rank behind him and beat back the foe.
In 626 the Persians advanced to the Bosporus, hoping to join the Avars in an assault on the land walls of Constantinople. But the Romans sank the primitive Avar fleet that was to transport Persian units across Bosporus and repelled the unsupported Avar assault. Heraclius again invaded Persia and in December 627, after a march across the Armenian highlands into the Tigris plain, met the Persians near the ruins of Nineveh. There, astride his renowned war-horse, he killed three Persian generals in single combat, charged into enemy ranks at the head of his troops, killed the Persian commander, and scattered the Persian host.
A month later, Heraclius entered Dastagird with its stupendous treasure. Khosrow was overthrown by his son, with whom Heraclius made peace, DEMANDING ONLY THE RETURN OF THE CROSS, the captives, AND CONQUERED ROMAN TERRITORY. Returning to Constantinople in triumph, he was hailed as a Moses, an Alexander, a Scipio. IN 630 HE PERSONALLY RESTORED THE CROSS TO THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE IN JERUSALEM
Khosrow II, p. 843, the Britannica
A second invasion of Mesopotamia, by Khosrow’s ablest general, Shahrbaraz, took place in 613. Damascus was taken in that year, and in 614 Jerusalem fell. The Holy Sepulchre was destroyed and the True Cross carried to Ctesiphon. Although Khosrow himself was generally tolerant of Christianity, Shahrbaraz permitted thousands of Christian prisoners to be tortured by his Jewish aides...
This tide of conquest was turned by Heraclius in a series of brilliant campaigns between 622 and 627. Since he retained command of the sea, Heraclius was able to sail to Issus and rout the Persian Army near the Armenian border. In alliance with the Khazar kingdom to the north of the Caucasus, he invaded Armenia again in 623, gaining victory over the King’s army near Canzaca. The town and fire temple were destroyed, together with the temple at Lake Urmia, traditionally associated with Zoroaster. The campaigns of 624 and 625 ranged across northern Syria and Mesopotamia and culminated in a reversal for Shahrbaraz forces on the river Saras.
Khosrow rallied his forces in 626 and, in alliance with the Avars, a people who were also in conflict with Byzantium at this time, sent one army to besiege Constantinople and another to oppose Heraclius. Constantinople held, and Shahin was defeated: the Persian second force was outmanoevred in 628 by Heraclius’ brave dash to Dastagird, the royal residence 70 miles (113 kilometres) north of Ctesiphon. An important but indecisive battle was fought near Nineveh, but, as the Byzantine army reapproached Dastagird, Khosrow fled. His letters calling Shahrbaraz to his aid had been intercepted, and, although his resources were now drastically reduced, he refused peace terms.
Khosrow’s prestige was now shattered, and he was now sick. The execution of Sharhbaraz and the desecration of Shahin’s corpse were followed by revolution in the royal household. Khosrow was condemned to death and executed (628), and his youngest son and heir, Mardanshah, was murdered before his eyes. His eldest son, Kavadh (Qobad) II. Sheroe, signed the peace.
Näiden sekulaarilähteiden mukaan Khosrow otti vallan Jerusalemista 614 jKr! Heraclius voitti lopullisesti persialaiset 627 jKr. 628 jKr Khosrowin poika antoi Heracliukselle takaisin kaikki roomalaiset territoriot ja ristin, jotka Khorrow oli vienyt. Tämä merkitsi samalla Jerusalemia myös! Kuitenkin vasta 630 jKr Heraclius palautti ristin takaisin Jerusalemiin paikallensa.
Lisäys vielä!
R. Scott Moore kirjoitti Ohion yliopistosta artikkelin
"Heraclius October 5, 610 - February 641 AD"
When Heraclius first came to the throne in 610, the Byzantine Empire was being attacked from numerous sides. In the west, the Avars and Slavs were expanding into the northern Balkans. The Slavs controlled the Danube regions, Thrace, Macedonia, and were soon invading Central Greece and the Peloponnesus. In the east, meanwhile, the Persians under the rule of Chosroes had begun a series of successful attacks on the empire resulting in the loss of Damascus in 613, Jerusalem in 614 (destroying the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and capturing the Holy Cross) and Egypt in 619. Recognizing the difficulty in fighting on two opposing fronts at the same time, Heraclius signed a peace treaty with the Avars in 619, and focused on the eastern half of the empire. In the spring of 622, Heraclius left Constantinople for Asia Minor and began training his troops over the summer, focusing on a more involved role for the Byantine cavalry.
In the autumn, Heraclius' army invaded Armenia and soon won several victories over the Persians. The Avars, in the meantime, became restless and Heraclius was forced to renegotiate the peace treaty with them at a much higher tribute level. Heraclius then returned to the army and for the next several years unsuccessfully attempted to break through the Persian army and into Persia. In August of 626 while Heraclius and his army were in Lazica away from Constantinople, a Persian army attacked the city from the east while an army of Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars attacked from the west and from the sea. On August 10, the Byzantine navy was able to defeat the opposing fleet and then rout the combined Slav and Avar land force. With the defeat of their allies, the Persians retreated to Syria.
IN THE AUTUMN OF 627, Heraclius began to work his way into Persian territory winning an important battle IN DECEMBER at Nineveh during which most of the Persian army was destroyed. As Heraclius continued to move further into Persian territory, Chosroes was deposed and succeeded by his son Kavadh-Siroe whose first act was to secure a treaty with Heraclius. The treaty was very favorable to the Byzantines and returned all the former Byzantine territories to the empire. Within a few short months, Kavadh-Siroe fell ill and died after naming Heraclius as guardian of his son, Chosroes II. For all practical purposes, the Persian Empire no longer existed. In 630 Heraclius traveled to Jerusalem where he returned the Holy Cross to the city among much acclaim.
Ks myös
http://www.roman-emperors.org/heraclis.htm
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 artikkeli "Heraclius"
c.575-641, Byzantine emperor (610-41). The son of a governor of Africa, he succeeded the tyrant Phocas, whom he deposed and had executed. In the early years of his reign Avars and Bulgars threatened, attacking even Constantinople, and the Persians conquered Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. In three costly campaigns (622-28) Heraclius recovered the provinces from the Persians, but they fell (629-42) to the Muslim Arabs.
Ks.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/he/Heracliu.html
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/7823/emperors/heraclius.html
Katsokaa myös näitä artikkeleita!
The Persians had inflicted a heavy defeat upon the Byzantines in 613/14 and had carried off the cross from Jerusalem. Emperor Herakleios I forced the Persians to an armistice in 628 and in 629 carried the cross back to Jerusalem. (Gatje, The Qur'an and its Exegesis [Routledge and Keagan Paul, London UK 1976], p. 272, f. 31)
Kristitty kirjoittaja Gerhard Nehls
"This passage refers to the defeat of the Byzantines in Syria by the Persians under Khusran Parvis. (A.D. 615 - 6 years before the Hegira). However, the defeat of the Persians should take place soon 'in a small number of years'. In the light of this prediction, Abu-Bakr undertook a bet with Ubai-ibn-Khalaf that this prediction would be fulfilled within three years, but he was corrected by Mohammed who stated that the 'small number' is between three and nine years (Al-Baizawi). Muslims tell us that the Byzantines overcame their enemies within seven years. The fact, however, is that the Byzantines defeated Persia in A.D. 628 (Al-Baizawi commentary). That was twelve years after the prediction of Mohammed. Consequently this passage does not qualify as a prophecy, particularly as the time between prophecy and fulfilment was far too short, and in addition the event was easily predictable." (Gerhard Nehls, Christians Ask Muslims [Life Challenge, SIM International; Africa, 1992], pp. 70-71;.)
Yusuf Ali
16. In these desperate circumstances Heraclius conceived a brilliant plan. He knew that the Persians were weak in sea power. He used his sea power to attack them in the rear. In 622 (the year of the Hijra) he transported his army by sea through the AEgean Sea to the bay just south of the Taurus Mountains. He fought a decisive battle with the Persians at Issus, in the same plain in which Alexander the Great had defeated the Persians of his day in his famous march to Syria and Egypt. The Persians were taken by surprise and routed. BUT THEY HAD STILL A LARGE FORCE IN ASIA MINOR, which they could have brought into play against the Romans if Heraclius had not made ANOTHER and equally unexpected dash by sea from the north. He returned to Constantinople by sea, made a treaty with the Avars, and with this help kept the Persians at bay round the capital. Then he led THREE CAMPAIGNS, IN 623, 624 AND 625, along the southern shore of the Black Sea and took the Persians again in the rear in the region round Trebizond and Kars. Through Armenia he penetrated into Persia and got into Mesopotamia. He was now in a position to strike AT THE VERY HEART OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. A DECISIVE BATTLE WAS FOUGHT ON THE TIGRIS NEAR THE CITY OF MOSUL IN DECEMBER 627. Before this battle, however, he had taken care to get the alliance of the Turks and with their help to relieve Constantinople IN 626 against the Persians and the treacherous Avars who had then joined the Persians.
17. Heraclius CELEBRATED HIS TRIUMPH IN CONSTANTINOPLE IN MARCH 628. PEACE WAS THEN MADE BETWEEN THE TWO EMPIRES ON THE BASIS OF THE STATUS QUO ANTE. Heraclius, in pursuance of a vow he had made, went south in the autumn to Emessa (Hims) and from there marched on foot to Jerusalem TO CELEBRATE HIS VICTORIES, AND RESTORE TO ITS PLACE THE HOLY CROSS WHICH HAD BEEN CARRIED AWAY BY THE PERSIANS AND WAS RETURNED TO THE EMPEROR AS A CONDITION OF PEACE. Heraclius’s [sic] route was strewn with costly carpets, AND HE THOUGHT THAT THE FINAL DELIVERANCE HAD COME FOR HIS PEOPLE AND HIS EMPIRE… (Ali, appendix X, pp. 1073-1074)
Jos Ali on oikeassa niin voitto ei ollut lopullinen ennenkuin Heraclius oli saapunut Jerusalemiin ja saanut arvonsa kansalta ja auttanut kansansa vapaksi. Tämä tapahtui vuonna 628 jKr.
Tämä Ennustus ei siis täyttynyt 3-9 tai 7-8 vuodessa vaan ennemminkin 13-14 vuotta. Joka tekee ennustuksen pätemättömäksi!
Roomalaiset on voitettu
lähellä olevassa maassa, mutta lähitulevaisuudessa he tappionsa jälkeen pääsevät voittajiksi
muutaman vuoden kuluttua . Jumalalle kuuluu käskyvalta alussa ja lopussa, ja tuona päivänä uskovaiset ovat onnellisia
Tukeudun väitteissäni Abu Bakriin ja muslimi kommenttatoreihin!
Bakr uskoi, että ”muutama vuosi” tarkoittaa kolmea vuotta, jonka jälkeen bysanttilaiset voittaa persialaiset! Muslimikommentaattori Abdullah Yusuf Alin mukaankin tämä aika on
"... Bidh’un in the text means a short period - a period of from three to nine years. The period between the loss OF JERUSALEM (614-15) by the Romans and their victory at Issus (622) was seven years, and that to the penetration of Persia by Heraclius was nine years." (Ibid. n. 3507;
Kuitenkin oletan hyväksyit että tämä haarukka on 3-9 vuoden välillä ja suuran ”ilmestymisvuosi” on joko 614 tai 615 jKr ! Siis alan esittämään tästä näkökulmasta asian.
Tässä säkeen tulkinnassa on kaksi mahdollisuutta !
Eli tässä kohtaa tarkoitetaan että Bysanttilaiset ovat jo voittaneet persialaiset ( eli elettäisiin vuotta 628 jKr ja näin ollen ennustus olisi väärä ja profeetta Muhammed samaten!) Ette kuitenkaan voi hyväksyä tätä ensimmäistä tulkintaa
Toinen mahdollisuus on että viimeistään vuoden 622 jKr jälkeen alkaneet kamppailut olisivat olleet bysanttilaisten juhlaa!
Jotta saisimme kokonaiskuvan asiasta käytän kahta lähdettä!
The Encyclopedia Americana, 2000 Edition, Volume 4, p. 115 ja Encyclopædia Britannica
Toivottavasti ei haittaa että käytän alkuperäistä eng. aineistoa! JJ
The Encyclopedia Americana, 2000 Edition, Volume 4, p. 115 sanoo Heracliuksesta
Heraclius found the empire in domestic turmoil. The Slavs threatened in the Balkans, the Persians and Visigoths in Asia Minor; in 615 the Persians reached the Bosporous, and in 619 they conquered Egypt. At first, Heraclius concentrated on internal reorganization of the empire. Then, in 622, he left Constantinople to begin a counterattack against the Persians. His military reforms bore fruit WHEN HE DESTROYED THE PERSIAN ARMY AT NINEVAH IN 627.
p. 421 Khosrow II, the Americana
... In 614 Khosrow’s army entered Jerusalem, sacked the Holy Sepulchre, and carried off the "True Cross" to the Sassanian capital at Ctesiphon. In 617 the Persians took Chalcedon, opposite Constantinople. Not until the forces of Emperor Heraclius crossed the Black Sea and took the offensive in the east were the armies of Khosrow and his chief general, Shahrbaraz, defeated in a series of brilliant campaigns (622-625).
In 626, Khosrow’s army, now rallied under his general Shahin, besieged Constantinople. But Heraclius again invaded Persian by way of Armenia and marched on the royal residence of Dastagird, from which Khosrow fled. A dynastic revolution led to Khosrow’s execution in 628 - an end, as poets sang, that was the more ignominious for the glory lost.
Encyclopædia Britannica Heracliuksesta
In 614 the Persians conquered Syria and Palestine, taking Jerusalem and what was believed to be Christ’s Cross, and in 619 occupied Egypt and Libya...
In 622, clad as a penitent and bearing a sacred image of the Virgin, he left Constantinople, as prayers rose from its many sanctuaries for victory over the Persian Zoroastrians, the recovery of the Cross, and the reconquest of Jerusalem...
The next two years he devoted to campaigns in Armenia, the manpower of which was vital to the empire, and to a devastating invasion of Persia. In 625 Heraclius retired to Anatolia. He had encamped on the west bank of the Sarus River when the Persian forces appeared on the opposite bank. Many of his men rushed impetuously across the bridge and were ambushed and annihilated by the enemy.
Emerging from his tent, Heraclius saw the triumphant Persians crossing the bridge. The fate of the Empire hung in the balance. Seizing his sword, he ran to the bridge and struck down the Persian leader. His soldiers closed rank behind him and beat back the foe.
In 626 the Persians advanced to the Bosporus, hoping to join the Avars in an assault on the land walls of Constantinople. But the Romans sank the primitive Avar fleet that was to transport Persian units across Bosporus and repelled the unsupported Avar assault. Heraclius again invaded Persia and in December 627, after a march across the Armenian highlands into the Tigris plain, met the Persians near the ruins of Nineveh. There, astride his renowned war-horse, he killed three Persian generals in single combat, charged into enemy ranks at the head of his troops, killed the Persian commander, and scattered the Persian host.
A month later, Heraclius entered Dastagird with its stupendous treasure. Khosrow was overthrown by his son, with whom Heraclius made peace, DEMANDING ONLY THE RETURN OF THE CROSS, the captives, AND CONQUERED ROMAN TERRITORY. Returning to Constantinople in triumph, he was hailed as a Moses, an Alexander, a Scipio. IN 630 HE PERSONALLY RESTORED THE CROSS TO THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE IN JERUSALEM
Khosrow II, p. 843, the Britannica
A second invasion of Mesopotamia, by Khosrow’s ablest general, Shahrbaraz, took place in 613. Damascus was taken in that year, and in 614 Jerusalem fell. The Holy Sepulchre was destroyed and the True Cross carried to Ctesiphon. Although Khosrow himself was generally tolerant of Christianity, Shahrbaraz permitted thousands of Christian prisoners to be tortured by his Jewish aides...
This tide of conquest was turned by Heraclius in a series of brilliant campaigns between 622 and 627. Since he retained command of the sea, Heraclius was able to sail to Issus and rout the Persian Army near the Armenian border. In alliance with the Khazar kingdom to the north of the Caucasus, he invaded Armenia again in 623, gaining victory over the King’s army near Canzaca. The town and fire temple were destroyed, together with the temple at Lake Urmia, traditionally associated with Zoroaster. The campaigns of 624 and 625 ranged across northern Syria and Mesopotamia and culminated in a reversal for Shahrbaraz forces on the river Saras.
Khosrow rallied his forces in 626 and, in alliance with the Avars, a people who were also in conflict with Byzantium at this time, sent one army to besiege Constantinople and another to oppose Heraclius. Constantinople held, and Shahin was defeated: the Persian second force was outmanoevred in 628 by Heraclius’ brave dash to Dastagird, the royal residence 70 miles (113 kilometres) north of Ctesiphon. An important but indecisive battle was fought near Nineveh, but, as the Byzantine army reapproached Dastagird, Khosrow fled. His letters calling Shahrbaraz to his aid had been intercepted, and, although his resources were now drastically reduced, he refused peace terms.
Khosrow’s prestige was now shattered, and he was now sick. The execution of Sharhbaraz and the desecration of Shahin’s corpse were followed by revolution in the royal household. Khosrow was condemned to death and executed (628), and his youngest son and heir, Mardanshah, was murdered before his eyes. His eldest son, Kavadh (Qobad) II. Sheroe, signed the peace.
Näiden sekulaarilähteiden mukaan Khosrow otti vallan Jerusalemista 614 jKr! Heraclius voitti lopullisesti persialaiset 627 jKr. 628 jKr Khosrowin poika antoi Heracliukselle takaisin kaikki roomalaiset territoriot ja ristin, jotka Khorrow oli vienyt. Tämä merkitsi samalla Jerusalemia myös! Kuitenkin vasta 630 jKr Heraclius palautti ristin takaisin Jerusalemiin paikallensa.
Lisäys vielä!
R. Scott Moore kirjoitti Ohion yliopistosta artikkelin
"Heraclius October 5, 610 - February 641 AD"
When Heraclius first came to the throne in 610, the Byzantine Empire was being attacked from numerous sides. In the west, the Avars and Slavs were expanding into the northern Balkans. The Slavs controlled the Danube regions, Thrace, Macedonia, and were soon invading Central Greece and the Peloponnesus. In the east, meanwhile, the Persians under the rule of Chosroes had begun a series of successful attacks on the empire resulting in the loss of Damascus in 613, Jerusalem in 614 (destroying the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and capturing the Holy Cross) and Egypt in 619. Recognizing the difficulty in fighting on two opposing fronts at the same time, Heraclius signed a peace treaty with the Avars in 619, and focused on the eastern half of the empire. In the spring of 622, Heraclius left Constantinople for Asia Minor and began training his troops over the summer, focusing on a more involved role for the Byantine cavalry.
In the autumn, Heraclius' army invaded Armenia and soon won several victories over the Persians. The Avars, in the meantime, became restless and Heraclius was forced to renegotiate the peace treaty with them at a much higher tribute level. Heraclius then returned to the army and for the next several years unsuccessfully attempted to break through the Persian army and into Persia. In August of 626 while Heraclius and his army were in Lazica away from Constantinople, a Persian army attacked the city from the east while an army of Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars attacked from the west and from the sea. On August 10, the Byzantine navy was able to defeat the opposing fleet and then rout the combined Slav and Avar land force. With the defeat of their allies, the Persians retreated to Syria.
IN THE AUTUMN OF 627, Heraclius began to work his way into Persian territory winning an important battle IN DECEMBER at Nineveh during which most of the Persian army was destroyed. As Heraclius continued to move further into Persian territory, Chosroes was deposed and succeeded by his son Kavadh-Siroe whose first act was to secure a treaty with Heraclius. The treaty was very favorable to the Byzantines and returned all the former Byzantine territories to the empire. Within a few short months, Kavadh-Siroe fell ill and died after naming Heraclius as guardian of his son, Chosroes II. For all practical purposes, the Persian Empire no longer existed. In 630 Heraclius traveled to Jerusalem where he returned the Holy Cross to the city among much acclaim.
Ks myös
http://www.roman-emperors.org/heraclis.htm
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 artikkeli "Heraclius"
c.575-641, Byzantine emperor (610-41). The son of a governor of Africa, he succeeded the tyrant Phocas, whom he deposed and had executed. In the early years of his reign Avars and Bulgars threatened, attacking even Constantinople, and the Persians conquered Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. In three costly campaigns (622-28) Heraclius recovered the provinces from the Persians, but they fell (629-42) to the Muslim Arabs.
Ks.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/he/Heracliu.html
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/7823/emperors/heraclius.html
Katsokaa myös näitä artikkeleita!
The Persians had inflicted a heavy defeat upon the Byzantines in 613/14 and had carried off the cross from Jerusalem. Emperor Herakleios I forced the Persians to an armistice in 628 and in 629 carried the cross back to Jerusalem. (Gatje, The Qur'an and its Exegesis [Routledge and Keagan Paul, London UK 1976], p. 272, f. 31)
Kristitty kirjoittaja Gerhard Nehls
"This passage refers to the defeat of the Byzantines in Syria by the Persians under Khusran Parvis. (A.D. 615 - 6 years before the Hegira). However, the defeat of the Persians should take place soon 'in a small number of years'. In the light of this prediction, Abu-Bakr undertook a bet with Ubai-ibn-Khalaf that this prediction would be fulfilled within three years, but he was corrected by Mohammed who stated that the 'small number' is between three and nine years (Al-Baizawi). Muslims tell us that the Byzantines overcame their enemies within seven years. The fact, however, is that the Byzantines defeated Persia in A.D. 628 (Al-Baizawi commentary). That was twelve years after the prediction of Mohammed. Consequently this passage does not qualify as a prophecy, particularly as the time between prophecy and fulfilment was far too short, and in addition the event was easily predictable." (Gerhard Nehls, Christians Ask Muslims [Life Challenge, SIM International; Africa, 1992], pp. 70-71;.)
Yusuf Ali
16. In these desperate circumstances Heraclius conceived a brilliant plan. He knew that the Persians were weak in sea power. He used his sea power to attack them in the rear. In 622 (the year of the Hijra) he transported his army by sea through the AEgean Sea to the bay just south of the Taurus Mountains. He fought a decisive battle with the Persians at Issus, in the same plain in which Alexander the Great had defeated the Persians of his day in his famous march to Syria and Egypt. The Persians were taken by surprise and routed. BUT THEY HAD STILL A LARGE FORCE IN ASIA MINOR, which they could have brought into play against the Romans if Heraclius had not made ANOTHER and equally unexpected dash by sea from the north. He returned to Constantinople by sea, made a treaty with the Avars, and with this help kept the Persians at bay round the capital. Then he led THREE CAMPAIGNS, IN 623, 624 AND 625, along the southern shore of the Black Sea and took the Persians again in the rear in the region round Trebizond and Kars. Through Armenia he penetrated into Persia and got into Mesopotamia. He was now in a position to strike AT THE VERY HEART OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. A DECISIVE BATTLE WAS FOUGHT ON THE TIGRIS NEAR THE CITY OF MOSUL IN DECEMBER 627. Before this battle, however, he had taken care to get the alliance of the Turks and with their help to relieve Constantinople IN 626 against the Persians and the treacherous Avars who had then joined the Persians.
17. Heraclius CELEBRATED HIS TRIUMPH IN CONSTANTINOPLE IN MARCH 628. PEACE WAS THEN MADE BETWEEN THE TWO EMPIRES ON THE BASIS OF THE STATUS QUO ANTE. Heraclius, in pursuance of a vow he had made, went south in the autumn to Emessa (Hims) and from there marched on foot to Jerusalem TO CELEBRATE HIS VICTORIES, AND RESTORE TO ITS PLACE THE HOLY CROSS WHICH HAD BEEN CARRIED AWAY BY THE PERSIANS AND WAS RETURNED TO THE EMPEROR AS A CONDITION OF PEACE. Heraclius’s [sic] route was strewn with costly carpets, AND HE THOUGHT THAT THE FINAL DELIVERANCE HAD COME FOR HIS PEOPLE AND HIS EMPIRE… (Ali, appendix X, pp. 1073-1074)
Jos Ali on oikeassa niin voitto ei ollut lopullinen ennenkuin Heraclius oli saapunut Jerusalemiin ja saanut arvonsa kansalta ja auttanut kansansa vapaksi. Tämä tapahtui vuonna 628 jKr.
Tämä Ennustus ei siis täyttynyt 3-9 tai 7-8 vuodessa vaan ennemminkin 13-14 vuotta. Joka tekee ennustuksen pätemättömäksi!
Vastaukset 6
Vanhimmat
>Eli tässä kohtaa tarkoitetaan että Bysanttilaiset ovat jo voittaneet persialaiset.
Ei tarkoiteta. Siinä tarkoitetaan sitä, mitä siinä sanotaan; sota kääntyy roomalaisten hyväksi, kuten kävikin.
Kun asiaa tarkastelee tästä näkökulmasta, koko spekulaatiosi menettää merkityksensä.
Eikö se vieläkään tullut selväksi? Kaikki muu tulkinta on Koraanin kohdan vääristelyä/muuttamista, mitä Islam ei TODELLAKAAN hyväksy!
Siinä puhutaan muutamasta vuodesta, ja se on tulkittu 3-9 vuodeksi ilmeisesti koska voittoisa sota ALKOI 622 jKr., mikä on kyseisen aikaraamin puitteissa (siksi ilmeisesti siihen on sanottu tämä aika-väli!).
Siis älä ole typerä ja yritä vääntää Allahin Sanasta jonkun (näköjään typerän) "oppineen" sanaa, se ei muuta sitä muuksi.
...nimittäin oli ehtinyt eilisen jälkeen häippäsemään se keskustelu näköjään. Eli jos viittisit laittaa saman kirjoituksen linkkeineen tähän linkkiin (jonka tallennan), jotta voin vastata niihin kysymyksiin tänään, huomenna tai maanantaina.
Ps. Yhden kysymyksesi muistan Paavalista, Matt.24:24 ja 2.Kor.12:12 ovat kiinnostavia muutenkin kuin numerologisesti, ensimmäisessä Jeesus kuvailee vääriä profeettoja/messiaita (jotka harhauttavat "valitutkin", ja op.lapset olivat Jeesuksen valitsemia) täsmälleen samoilla sanoilla joita Paavali käyttää itsestään, aivan kuin Jeesus olisi ennustanut ne varoitukseksi (evankeliumeja ei oltu kirjoitettu vielä Paavalin aikaan, joten hän ei tiennyt).
Matt.24:26 Jeesus varoittaa uskomasta jos joku sanoo nähneensä Messiaan ("tuolla") autiomaassa (Paavalin Damascoksen tien "ilmestys") tai ("täällä") sisällä talossa (Paavalin toinen "ilmestys" vankilassa, paikasta josta ei pääse pois, siksi "täällä").
Kyseisten varoitusten lopuksi Jeesus vieläpä tähdentää että "tämän olen teille nyt sanonut", eli että hän on varoittanut op.lapsia heitä odottavasta vaarasta, sanoen vieläpä "missä raato, siellä korppikotkat" osoittaen saatanan hyökkäävän AINA profeetan pois menemisen jälkeen.
Ihmettelit missä Raamatussa nämä ovat. Ainakin kaikissa minun suomalaisissa (yksi papilta saatu) ja englanninkielisissä Raamatuissa.
>>>Not until the forces of Emperor Heraclius crossed the Black Sea and took the offensive in the east were the armies of Khosrow and his chief general, Shahrbaraz, defeated in a series of brilliant campaigns (622-625).
...siitä mitä pyrit saamaan täällä aikaan? Käsität kai ettei uskoaan hylkäävä muslimi tule ikinä kristityksi, vaan ateistiksi?
Kun muslimi aukaisee raamatun ja eteen ponnahtaa Jeesuksen sanomina (Luuk.4:8) "Herraa, Jumalaasi sinun tulee kunnioittaa, ja AINOASTAAN Häntä palvella!", tai (Mark.12:29) "Kuule oi Israel! Herra, Jumalasi, on YKSI (Jumala)", tai (John.5:44) "..tulee YHDELTÄ ja AINOALTA Jumalalta"???
Tai yhdistettynä (John.6:57) "Isä, joka elää, on minut LÄHETTÄNYT, ja niin kuin MINÄ SAAN ELÄMÄNI Isältänä.." ja Jesaja 43:10-11 "Ennen minua ei ole jumalaa syntynyt eikä ollut eikä minun jälkeeni tullut eikä tule. Minä, minä yksi olen Herra, ei ole muuta pelastajaa kuin minä"?
Jeesuksen profeetan roolille ei ole mitään estettä Raamatussa, mutta mitään todisteita hänen jumaluudestaankaan ei ole, hän ei missään käskenyt asettaa itseään/äitiään palvottavaksi Jumalan rinnalla/tilalle. Miksi Jumalan pitäisi hukata miljardeja sieluja helvettiin vain koska hän ei "uskaltanut" (?) paljastaa olevansa jumaluus jota palvomatta kolminaisuudessa ei voi pelastua???
Eikö sinusta tunnu sellainen Jumala epäoikeudenmukaiselta, joka ei anna mitään mahdollisuuksia pelastua juutalaisiksi (edes op.lapset ja alkukirkot ei palvoneet Jeesusta jumaluutena) tai muslimeiksi syntyneille, vaikka Jumala kaiken luoneena (mm. Islamin leviämisestä täysin vastuussa olevat kamelit) on siitä täysin vastuussa?
Ja lopuksi, luuletko ettei vatikaani/juutalaiset ole 1400 vuotta pyrkineet löytämään virhettä Koraanissa kun Allah siihen haastaa? Ovat olleet varsin hiljaa viime aikoina, kun tiede on paljastanut Koraanin olevan oikeassa (täynnä tietoa) lähes jokaiselta luonnontieteen alalta (puhumattakaan sen filosofiasta/kauneudesta, jne.). Tuo 1400 vuotta vanha kirja (ja sen käsky) saa tänäänkin tieteen ja materialismin aikakaudella 1,5 miljardia ihmistä kumartamaan (mukaan laskettu nekin jotka liian nuoria siihen) vakuuttuneina (huolimatta uskontonsa noudattamisen tasosta kokemukseni mukaan) että JOKAINEN Sana siinä on Jumalalta (ilman sitä ei voi olla muslimi), ja he tuntevat mm. Big Bang- ja evoluutio-teoriat (opetettiinhan niitä jo siirto-maiden toimesta vielä 1950-luvulla).
Eli mieti vielä kerran, kun 5.Moos.18:20-22 kuvaillaan että Jumala tappaa väärien jumalien nimissä profetoivat, että miksi Muhammed sai ottaa ilmestyksiä Jumalalta 23 vuoden ajan (vertaa Jeesuksen 3 vuoteen), viimeistellen täydellisesti Koraanin (miten lukutaidoton mies voi edes muistaa 63 vuotiaana mitä opetti 40 vuotiaana, miten Koraanissa ei ole virheitä/ristiriitoja?) ja juuri ennen kuolemaansa yhdistäen arabit Aabrahamin Jumalan taakse (aivan kuten 5.Moos.18:15-19 sanoo, profeetta KUIN Mooses, joka yhdisti kapinoivat juutalaiset, Jeesus nyt ei ole KUIN Mooses ihan jo siksi jos on "jumala")???
Jos Muhammed puhui väärien jumalien nimissä, kuka muu olisi ansainnut enemmän Jumalan kuolemantuomion kuin maailman levinneimmän ja suurimman (harjoittajien määrällä mitaten) joka blokkasi kr.uskon Eurooppaan 1500-luvulle asti idästä ja lännestä, joka vieläpä väittää olevansa Aabrahamin Jumalan uskonto?
Tuo Prisma-dokumentti vaikuttaa hyvin kiinnostavalta. Olen aiemmin lukenut vastaavista tutkimuksista, jossakin tutkimuksessa huomattiin että 25% ihmisistä tietty aivo-alue on aktiivisempi kuin muilla, ja että he ovat myös muita uskonnollisempia.
Islamin mukaan Allah luo meidät (ja aivomme), määräten jo ennen syntymää kuka pelastuu/menee helvettiin (sen lisäksi että Hän voi asettaa meidät johonkin haluamaansa aikaan/paikkaan/elämään syntymään, mikä on oikea meille, myös siittiöissä on satoja miljoonia vaihtoehtoja millaiseksi meidät luoda) ja herättää Tuomiolle RUUMIIMME henkiin. Eli tältä kantilta katsoen se että saako "uskonnolliset aivot" on predestinaatiota ja kohtaloa malliesimerkkinä, oma vapaus valita on ajattelemaamme pienempi (tietenkin ei-uskonnolliset aivot omaava voi pakottaa itsensä uskomaan, vaikkapa todisteisiin, vaikka usko ei olekaan syvää).
Siis läntinen näkemys "sielusta"/"vapaasta tahdosta" (siis sellaisesta johon edes Jumala ei vaikuta, mikä mahdottomuus, mieti luonnonlakeja) ei oikein sovi tähän pelkästään meidän materialistisesta olemuksesta kertovaan faktaan, mutta ihmettelen mistä se on kr.uskoon tullut kun siinäkin puhutaan "loruissaan" "ruumiin ylösnousemuksesta".