Umpilisäkkeestä

Eli väitteelle ei sitten ole mitään tieteellistä taustaa? Kreationistien kirjat eivät yleensä pysy totuudessa tai tutkimuksissa, vaan väitteet kiskaistaan milloin mistäkin olettamuksesta.

Sinänsä tuo ei liene mahdotonta, mutta umpilisäkkeelle on aikoinaan ollut eräs todellinenkin tarve, johon se ei enää käy. Enpä ole kuullut että sitä tarvittaisiin vatsan bakteerien tuottamiseen.

By the way: tuo "Evoluutio - kriittinen analyysi" ammuttiin aika pahasti alas aikoja sitten. Sitten on olemassa evoluution kriittisen analyysin kriittinen analyysi, joka osoittaa opuksen joitakin hörhöilyjä.

Sun gurusi tuossa sanoi(=ennusti) haitallisia seurauksia umpilisäkkeen poistosta.

Seuraavassa kirurgi sanoo kertoneensa aina epäröiville potilaillaan Mayo klinikan(hyvin kuuluisa, liene kuullut?) tutkimuksesta tuhansista potilaista, jossa osalle oli tehty kaiken varalta muun yhteydessä umpilisäkkeen poisto, osalle ei. Ja siitä ei ollut MITÄÄN haittaa niille, joilla poisto oli tehty kaiken varalta (kuten muinoin oli ollut tapana).

http://surgeonsblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/god-of-appendix-of-truth-and-worms.html
"The study I cited most often to my patients when asked about adverse consequences of appendectomy is one done by the Mayo Clinic: they studied records of thousands of patients who'd had appendectomy, and compared them with equal thousands who hadn't. (Back in the day, it was very common during any abdominal operation to remove the appendix. Like flicking a bug off your shoulder. No extra charge: just did it to prevent further problems: took an extra couple of minutes, is all.) The groups were statistically similar in every way other than presence of the worm. There were no differences in incidence of any disease. It's as convincing as it gets, given the impossibility of doing a prospective double-blind study.

That the appendix has no unique or physiologically important function is as certain as it can be, based on what we can easily observe. I know it from direct observation, from operating countless times. Maybe if it weren't for us surgeons saving fertile people from their vermiformera, the little rascals would be gone by now. But the existence of a vestigial organ which, when it does anything at all, only does harm, is a threat to certain narrow religious views. Vestigial bespeaks evolution, so let's make something up."

MrKAT kirjoitti:

Sun gurusi tuossa sanoi(=ennusti) haitallisia seurauksia umpilisäkkeen poistosta.

Seuraavassa kirurgi sanoo kertoneensa aina epäröiville potilaillaan Mayo klinikan(hyvin kuuluisa, liene kuullut?) tutkimuksesta tuhansista potilaista, jossa osalle oli tehty kaiken varalta muun yhteydessä umpilisäkkeen poisto, osalle ei. Ja siitä ei ollut MITÄÄN haittaa niille, joilla poisto oli tehty kaiken varalta (kuten muinoin oli ollut tapana).

http://surgeonsblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/god-of-appendix-of-truth-and-worms.html
"The study I cited most often to my patients when asked about adverse consequences of appendectomy is one done by the Mayo Clinic: they studied records of thousands of patients who'd had appendectomy, and compared them with equal thousands who hadn't. (Back in the day, it was very common during any abdominal operation to remove the appendix. Like flicking a bug off your shoulder. No extra charge: just did it to prevent further problems: took an extra couple of minutes, is all.) The groups were statistically similar in every way other than presence of the worm. There were no differences in incidence of any disease. It's as convincing as it gets, given the impossibility of doing a prospective double-blind study.

That the appendix has no unique or physiologically important function is as certain as it can be, based on what we can easily observe. I know it from direct observation, from operating countless times. Maybe if it weren't for us surgeons saving fertile people from their vermiformera, the little rascals would be gone by now. But the existence of a vestigial organ which, when it does anything at all, only does harm, is a threat to certain narrow religious views. Vestigial bespeaks evolution, so let's make something up."

Lue lisää

mutta. Lukaseppa tarkemmin.

Johan Uys of Bellville, South Africa, also weighed in on Whitten’s question: ‘In humans, [the appendix] was thought to have no physiological function’, Uys wrote. ‘However, it is now known to play a role in fetal immunity and in young adults. During the early years of development, the appendix functions as a “lymphoid organ”?, assisting with the maturation of B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and in the production of immunoglobulin A antibodies [both of which help fight invading germs]. In addition, at around the 11th week of fetal development, endocrine (hormone-producing) cells appear in the appendix. These cells produce peptide hormones that control various biological mechanisms.’
Cutting out a useless vestigial argument

Even though some of the beneficial functions of the appendix have been known for decades, the Encyclopaedia Britannica2 and many high school biology textbooks still indoctrinate students into the belief that the appendix is a useless vestigial testimony to evolution.3 The point of such assertions is made clear in an older textbook, 1977’s Elements of Zoology: ‘Structures without use and of reduced size are termed vestigial organs. From the standpoint of special creation these organs are difficult to explain; from that of evolution they are obviously features that were functional and necessary in their ancestors but are now in the process of disappearing from living organisms.’

Se, että sinun linkkisi kertoo, ettei siitä ole ollut haittaa, ei kumoa tosiasiaa.

MrKAT kirjoitti:

Sun gurusi tuossa sanoi(=ennusti) haitallisia seurauksia umpilisäkkeen poistosta.

Seuraavassa kirurgi sanoo kertoneensa aina epäröiville potilaillaan Mayo klinikan(hyvin kuuluisa, liene kuullut?) tutkimuksesta tuhansista potilaista, jossa osalle oli tehty kaiken varalta muun yhteydessä umpilisäkkeen poisto, osalle ei. Ja siitä ei ollut MITÄÄN haittaa niille, joilla poisto oli tehty kaiken varalta (kuten muinoin oli ollut tapana).

http://surgeonsblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/god-of-appendix-of-truth-and-worms.html
"The study I cited most often to my patients when asked about adverse consequences of appendectomy is one done by the Mayo Clinic: they studied records of thousands of patients who'd had appendectomy, and compared them with equal thousands who hadn't. (Back in the day, it was very common during any abdominal operation to remove the appendix. Like flicking a bug off your shoulder. No extra charge: just did it to prevent further problems: took an extra couple of minutes, is all.) The groups were statistically similar in every way other than presence of the worm. There were no differences in incidence of any disease. It's as convincing as it gets, given the impossibility of doing a prospective double-blind study.

That the appendix has no unique or physiologically important function is as certain as it can be, based on what we can easily observe. I know it from direct observation, from operating countless times. Maybe if it weren't for us surgeons saving fertile people from their vermiformera, the little rascals would be gone by now. But the existence of a vestigial organ which, when it does anything at all, only does harm, is a threat to certain narrow religious views. Vestigial bespeaks evolution, so let's make something up."

Lue lisää

umppari on tärkeä varhaislapsudessa. Ei minullakaan ole sitä enää eikä se vaivaa...Mutta vastasyntyneelle siitä on hyötyä.

sydämmen.usko.pelastaa kirjoitti:

umppari on tärkeä varhaislapsudessa. Ei minullakaan ole sitä enää eikä se vaivaa...Mutta vastasyntyneelle siitä on hyötyä.

Tietääkseni monesti syntyy myös lapsia, joilla synnynnäisesti puuttuu koko "umppari". Eikä silti ole raportoitu mitään puutteita immuunitoiminnoissa (tai vatsantoiminnoissa).

(Toisinkuin esim kuulemma pernan tapauksessa, keuhkokuumetta tms)

MrKAT kirjoitti:

Tietääkseni monesti syntyy myös lapsia, joilla synnynnäisesti puuttuu koko "umppari". Eikä silti ole raportoitu mitään puutteita immuunitoiminnoissa (tai vatsantoiminnoissa).

(Toisinkuin esim kuulemma pernan tapauksessa, keuhkokuumetta tms)

Lue lisää

mutta kreationismissä sillä ei ole sijaa.

sydämmen.usko.pelastaa kirjoitti:

mutta kreationismissä sillä ei ole sijaa.

Nyt on kyllä jäänyt aamun lääkkeet SUPilla ottamatta. Eihän tämäkään viesti liittynyt mitenkään keskusteltavana olevaan aiheeseen. Luetko edes ketjun edellisiä viestejä, vai heitteletkö näitä viestejä vain summamutikassa sinne tänne katsomatta mistä ketjussa on keskusteltu?

Kake 2 kirjoitti:

Nyt on kyllä jäänyt aamun lääkkeet SUPilla ottamatta. Eihän tämäkään viesti liittynyt mitenkään keskusteltavana olevaan aiheeseen. Luetko edes ketjun edellisiä viestejä, vai heitteletkö näitä viestejä vain summamutikassa sinne tänne katsomatta mistä ketjussa on keskusteltu?

Lue lisää

Sup selitti taannoin tuota "vastaamisen" filosofiaansa...

Sup katsoo vastaanneensa asiaan kuin asiaan silloin, kun hän on lähettänyt viestin oikeaan paikkaan - ei sillä väliä, miten hänen viestinsä sisältö sattuu osumaan edellä esitettyihin asioihin.

Esimerkkikeskustelu:

X: Havainto on, että pallo on pyöreä ja pomppii
sup: AiG, jeesus ja pyykkilauta!
X: Mitä ihm...
sup: taas on evoluutio vaikeuksissa, siunausta.

illuminatus kirjoitti:

Sup selitti taannoin tuota "vastaamisen" filosofiaansa...

Sup katsoo vastaanneensa asiaan kuin asiaan silloin, kun hän on lähettänyt viestin oikeaan paikkaan - ei sillä väliä, miten hänen viestinsä sisältö sattuu osumaan edellä esitettyihin asioihin.

Esimerkkikeskustelu:

X: Havainto on, että pallo on pyöreä ja pomppii
sup: AiG, jeesus ja pyykkilauta!
X: Mitä ihm...
sup: taas on evoluutio vaikeuksissa, siunausta.

Lue lisää

Lue Herra Tikkasen viesti ajatuksella, niin huomaat minun vastanneen nimenomaan Tikkasen Mutuun ( Tietääkseni..jne. ) aivan oikein sen ansaitsemalla tavalla.

Jos kake 2 ei ymmärrä asioita yleisesti hyväksytyllä tasolla, niin syytön olen minä siihen.

Siunausta.

sydämmen.usko.pelastaa kirjoitti:

Lue Herra Tikkasen viesti ajatuksella, niin huomaat minun vastanneen nimenomaan Tikkasen Mutuun ( Tietääkseni..jne. ) aivan oikein sen ansaitsemalla tavalla.

Jos kake 2 ei ymmärrä asioita yleisesti hyväksytyllä tasolla, niin syytön olen minä siihen.

Siunausta.

Lue lisää

" In fact, congenital absence of the appendix also appears to have no discernable effect. From investigative laparoscopies for suspected appendicitis, many people have been found who completely lack an appendix from birth, apparently without any physiological detriment (Anyanwu 1994; Chevre et al. 2000; Collins 1955; Hei 2003; Host et al. 1972; Iuchtman 1993; Kalyshev et al. 1995; Manoil 1957; Pester 1965; Piquet et al. 1986; Ponomarenko and Novikova 1978; Rolff et al. 1992; Saave 1955; Shperber 1983; Tilson and Touloukian 1972; Williams and Myers 1994, p. 22). "

Siinä..

References
General
Condon, R. E., and Telford, G. L. (1991) "Appendicitis." In: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Townsend, C.M., editor. Fourteenth edition. W. B. Saunders and Co.: Philadelphia, PA. pp. 884-898.

Fawcett, D. W. and Raviola, E. (1994) Bloom and Fawcett: A textbook of histology Chapman and Hall: New York, NY.

Gray, H. (1918) Anatomy of the human body. Lea and Febige: Philadelphia, PA.

Liu, C. D., and McFadden, D. W. (1997) "Acute abdomen and appendix." In: Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice. Greenfield, L.J., and Mulholland, M. W., editors. Second edition. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD. pp. 1246-1261.

McCabe, J. (1912) The story of evolution. Small Maynard and co.: Boston. [Gutenberg text]

The Oxford companion to the body. (2001) editors, Colin Blakemore and Sheila Jennett. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Royster, H. A. (1927) Appendicitis. Appleton and Company: New York.

Williams, R. A. and Myers, P. (1994) Pathology of the appendix. Chapman and Hall Medical: New York, NY.

Williams, P. L. and Warwick, R. (1980). Gray's Anatomy. Thirty-sixth edition. Churchill Livingstone: New York, NY.



Epidemiology
Addiss D. G., Shaffer N., Fowler B. S., and Tauxe R. V. (1990) "The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States." Am J Epidemiol 132 :910-925. [PubMed]

Blomqvist, P. G., Andersson, R. E., Granath, F., Lambe, M. P., and Ekbom, A. R. (2001) "Mortality after appendectomy in Sweden, 1987-1996." Ann Surg. 233: 455-460. [PubMed]

Hardin D. M. (1999) "Acute appendicitis: review and update." Am Fam Physician 60: 2027-2034. [PubMed]

Korner H., Sondenaa K., Soreide J. A., Andersen E., Nysted A., Lende T. H., and Kjellevold K. H. (1997) "Incidence of acute nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: age-specific and sex-specific analysis." World J Surg 21: 313-317. [PubMed]

Luckmann R. "Incidence and case fatality rates for acute appendicitis in California. A population-based study of the effects of age." (1989) Am J Epidemiol. 129: 905-918.

Pieper R., and Kager L. (1982) "The incidence of acute appendicitis and appendectomy. An epidemiological study of 971 cases." Acta Chir Scand 148: 45-49. [PubMed]



Possible Functions
Bjerke, K., Brandtzaeg, P., and Rognum, T. O. (1986) "Distribution of immunoglobulin producing cells is different in normal human appendix and colon mucosa." Gut. 27: 667-674. [PubMed]

Craig, S. W. and Cebra, J. J. (1975) "Rabbit Peyer's patches, appendix, and popliteal lymph node B lymphocytes: a comparative analysis of their membrane immunoglobulin components and plasma cell precursor potential." J Immunol. 114: 492-502. [PubMed]

Dasso, J. F., and Howell, M. D. (1997) "Neonatal appendectomy impairs mucosal immunity in rabbits." Cell Immunol 182: 29-37. [PubMed]

Dasso, J. F., Obiakor, H., Bach, H., Anderson, A. O., and Mage, R. G. (2000) "A morphological and immunohistological study of the human and rabbit appendix for comparison with the avian bursa." Dev Comp Immunol 24: 797-814. [PubMed]

Nagler-Anderson, C. (2001) "Man the barrier! Strategic defences in the intestinal mucosa." Nat Rev Immunol. 1: 59-67. [PubMed]

Neiburger, J. B., Neiburger, R. G., Richardson, S. T., Grosfeld, J. L., and Baehner, R. L. (1976) "Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue of infants and children." Infect Immun 14: 118-121. [PubMed]

O'Mally, C. D. and Saunders, J. B. de C. M. (1952) Leondardo da Vinci on the human body: the anatomical, physiological, and embryological drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Ganis and Harris: New York, NY.

Pospisil, R., and Mage, R.G. (1998) "Rabbit appendix: a site of development and selection of the B cell repertoire." Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 229:59-70. [PubMed]

Somekh, E., Serour, F., Gorenstein, A., Vohl, M., and Lehman, D. (2000) "Phenotypic pattern of B cells in the appendix: reduced intensity of CD19 expression." Immunobiology 201: 461-469. [PubMed]

Spencer, J., Finn, T., and Isaacson, P. G. (1985) "Gut associated lymphoid tissue: a morphological and immunocytochemical study of the human appendix." Gut 26: 672-679. [PubMed]



Taxonomy and Systematics
Geoffroy St. Hilaire (1798) "Observations sur l'aile de l'Autruche, par le citoyen Geoffroy." in La Decade Egyptienne, Journal Litteraire et D'Economie Politique. Premier Volume. Au Kaire, de L'Impreimerie Nationale. pp. 46-51

Goodman, M., Porter, C. A., Czelusniak, J., Page, S. L., Schneider, H., Shoshani, J., Gunnell, G., and Groves, C. P. (1998) "Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence." Mol Phylogenet Evol. 9:585-598. [PubMed]

Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L., Humphries, C. J., and Williams, D. M. (1998) Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. Second edition. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Remane, A. (1952) Die Grundlagen des Naturlichen Systems der Vergleichenden Anatomie und der Phylogenetik. Geest und Portig K.G.: Leipzig, Germany.

Rieppel, O. (1988) Fundamentals of comparative biology. Birkhäuser Verlag: Boston.

Schuh, R. T. (2000) Biological systematics: principles and applications. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY.

Shoshani, J., Groves, C. P., Simons, E. L., and Gunnell, G. F. (1996) "Primate phylogeny: morphological vs. molecular results." Mol Phylogenet Evol. 5: 102-154. [PubMed]

Shoshani, J., and McKenna, M. C. (1998) "Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data." Mol Phylogenet Evol.9: 572-584. [PubMed]



Comparative Anatomy of the Appendix
Berry, R. J. A. (1900) "The true caecal apex, or the vermiform appendix: Its minute and comparative anatomy." J Anat Physiol 35: 83.

Fisher, R. E. (2000) "The primate appendix: a reassessment." Anat Rec. 261: 228-236. [PubMed]

Hill, W. C. Osman (1953-1974) Primates, comparative anatomy and taxonomy. Interscience Publishers: New York, NY.

Hyman, L. H. (1979) Hyman's Comparative vertebrate anatomy. Marvalee H. Wake, editor. Third edition. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.

Kardong, K.V. (2002) Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution. Third edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Kluge, A. G. (1977) Chordate structure and function. Macmillan: New York, NY.

Neal, H. V. and Rand, H. W. (1936) Comparative anatomy. P. Blakiston's Son and Co.: Philadelphia, PA.

Romer, A. S. and Parsons T. S. (1986) The vertebrate body. Sixth edition. Saunders College Pub.: Philadelphia, PA.

Scott, G. B. (1980) "The primate caecum and appendix vermiformis: a comparative study." J Anat 131: 549-563. [PubMed]

Smith, H. M. (1960) Evolution of chordate structure; an introduction to comparative anatomy. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, NY.

Weichert, C. K. (1967) Elements of chordate anatomy. Third edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Wiedersheim, R. (1886) Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. translated by W. Newton Parker. Macmillan: New York, NY.

Wolff, R. G. (1991) Functional chordate anatomy. D.C. Heath: Lexington, MA.



Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis
Andersson, R. E., Olaison, G., Tysk, C., and Ekbom, A. (2001) "Appendectomy and protection against ulcerative colitis." N Engl J Med 344: 808-814. [PubMed]

Buergel, N., Schulzke, J. D., and Zeitz, M. (2002) "Appendectomy reduces the risk of development of ulcerative colitis." Chirurg 73: 805-808. [PubMed]

Judge, T., and Lichtenstein, G. R. (2001) "Is the appendix a vestigial organ? Its role in ulcerative colitis." Gastroenterology. 121: 73. [PubMed]

Koutroubakis, I. E., and Vlachonikolis, I. G. (2000) "Appendectomy and the development of ulcerative colitis: results of a metaanalysis of published case-control studies." Am J Gastroenterol 95: 171-176. [PubMed]

Koutroubakis, I. E., Vlachonikolis I. G., and Kouroumalis, E. A. (2002) "Role of appendicitis and appendectomy in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis: a critical review." Inflamm Bowel Dis 8: 277-286. [PubMed]

Naganuma, M., Iizuka, B., Torii, A., Ogihara, T., Kawamura, Y., Ichinose, M., Kojima, Y., and Hibi, T. (2001) "Appendectomy protects against the development of ulcerative colitis and reduces its recurrence: results of a multicenter case-controlled study in Japan." Am J Gastroenterol 96: 1123-1126. [PubMed]

Rutgeerts, P., D'Haens, G., Hiele, M., Geboes, K., and Vantrappen, G. (1994) "Appendectomy protects against ulcerative colitis." Gastroenterology 106: 1251-1253. [PubMed]



Potential Ties to Cancer
Andersen, E. and Isager, H. (1978) "Pre-morbid factors in Hodgkin's disease. II. BCG-vaccination status, tuberculosis, infectious diseases, tonsillectomy, and appendectomy." Scand J Haematol 21: 273-277. [PubMed]

Gledovic, Z. and Radovanovic, Z. (1991) "History of tonsillectomy and appendectomy in Hodgkin's disease." Eur J Epidemiol 7: 612-615 [PubMed]

Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Linet, M. S., Gridley, G., and Olsen, J. H. (1998) "Cancer risk following appendectomy for acute appendicitis (Denmark)." Cancer Causes Control. 9: 183-187. [PubMed]



Congenital Absence
Anyanwu, S. N. (1994) "Agenesis of the appendix--case report." West Afr J Med. 13: 66.[PubMed]

Chevre, F., Gillet, M., and Vuilleumier, H. (2000) "Agenesis of the vermiform appendix." Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 10: 110-112. [PubMed]

Collins, D.C. (1955) "A study of 50,000 specimens of the human vermiform appendix." Surg Gynecol Obstet. 101: 437-445. [PubMed]

Hei, E. L. (2003) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." ANZ J Surg. 73: 862. [PubMed]

Host, W. H., Rush, B., and Lazaro, E. J. (1972) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Am Surg. 38: 355-356. [PubMed]

Iuchtman, M. (1993) "Autoamputation of appendix and the 'absent' appendix." Arch Surg. 128: 600. [PubMed]

Kalyshev, I. G., Andreev, G. F., Kolenda, I. V., and Mustiatsa, V. I. (1995) "Absence of the appendix." Klin Khir. 7-8: 49. [PubMed]

Manoil, L. (1957) "Congenital absence of the appendix." Am J Surg. 93: 1040-1042. [PubMed]

Pester, G.H. (1965) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Arch Surg. 91: 461-462. [PubMed]

Piquet, F., Elmale, C., and Elhadad, A. (1986) "Absence of the appendix. Apropos of a case." J Chir (Paris). 123 :117-8. [PubMed]

Ponomarenko, V. N., and Novikova, N. A. (1978) "Rare case of absence of the vermiform appendix." Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 121: 54-55. [PubMed]

Rolff, M., Jepsen, L. V., and Hoffmann, J. (1992) "The 'absent' appendix." Arch Surg. 127: 992. [PubMed]

Saave, J. J. (1955) "Absence of the vermiform appendix; report of a case discovered at necropsy." Acta Anat (Basel). 23: 327-329. [PubMed]

Shperber, J., Halevy, A., Sayfan, J., and Oland, J. (1983) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Isr J Med Sci. 19: 214-215. [PubMed]

Tilson, M. D. and Touloukian, R. J. (1972) "Agenesis of the vermiform appendix." J Pediatr Surg. 7: 74. [PubMed]

joko riittää ?

sydämmen.usko.pelastaa kirjoitti:

mutta. Lukaseppa tarkemmin.

Johan Uys of Bellville, South Africa, also weighed in on Whitten’s question: ‘In humans, [the appendix] was thought to have no physiological function’, Uys wrote. ‘However, it is now known to play a role in fetal immunity and in young adults. During the early years of development, the appendix functions as a “lymphoid organ”?, assisting with the maturation of B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and in the production of immunoglobulin A antibodies [both of which help fight invading germs]. In addition, at around the 11th week of fetal development, endocrine (hormone-producing) cells appear in the appendix. These cells produce peptide hormones that control various biological mechanisms.’
Cutting out a useless vestigial argument

Even though some of the beneficial functions of the appendix have been known for decades, the Encyclopaedia Britannica2 and many high school biology textbooks still indoctrinate students into the belief that the appendix is a useless vestigial testimony to evolution.3 The point of such assertions is made clear in an older textbook, 1977’s Elements of Zoology: ‘Structures without use and of reduced size are termed vestigial organs. From the standpoint of special creation these organs are difficult to explain; from that of evolution they are obviously features that were functional and necessary in their ancestors but are now in the process of disappearing from living organisms.’

Se, että sinun linkkisi kertoo, ettei siitä ole ollut haittaa, ei kumoa tosiasiaa.

Lue lisää

Tämä New Scientis on populaarilehti joka kannattaa kannabista ja muutakin höpöä, jota prof. Valtaojakin karsastaa karvalakkimallin lehtenä. Sillei ole välttämättä mitään tekemistä oikeiden NATURE ja SCIENCE-tason lehtien kanssa.
Mutta tuon käyttö ehkä kuvastaakin kreationistisaittien tiettyä, epätoivoista, ripustautumista ..


>"maturation of B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and in the production of immunoglobulin A antibodies [both of which help fight invading germs]. In addition, at around the 11th week of fetal development, endocrine (hormone-producing) cells appear in the appendix. These cells produce peptide hormones that control various biological mechanisms.’ "<

Tämän merkitys taitaa vesittyy mm. sillä, että noita lymfosyyttejä, enfokriineja jne on koko vatsan alueella muuallakin, suolessa jne, eli se ei ole edes erityisen tarpeellinen se "umppari" siihen.

Sitä paitsi mitä hittoa ne sinne oikein kasaantuisivat ? Onko siellä paha tulehdus menossa ? Jos sormeen tulee haava ja se mätänee niin siinäkin löytyy lymfosyyttejä ja vaikka mitä soluja eikä se tarkoita että haava olisi ikutarpeellinen erikoistuneiden solujen syntymäpesä.. ;)

Taitaa olla mätä tuo koko teidän selittelynne,..

Mr.K.A.T. kirjoitti:

" In fact, congenital absence of the appendix also appears to have no discernable effect. From investigative laparoscopies for suspected appendicitis, many people have been found who completely lack an appendix from birth, apparently without any physiological detriment (Anyanwu 1994; Chevre et al. 2000; Collins 1955; Hei 2003; Host et al. 1972; Iuchtman 1993; Kalyshev et al. 1995; Manoil 1957; Pester 1965; Piquet et al. 1986; Ponomarenko and Novikova 1978; Rolff et al. 1992; Saave 1955; Shperber 1983; Tilson and Touloukian 1972; Williams and Myers 1994, p. 22). "

Siinä..

References
General
Condon, R. E., and Telford, G. L. (1991) "Appendicitis." In: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Townsend, C.M., editor. Fourteenth edition. W. B. Saunders and Co.: Philadelphia, PA. pp. 884-898.

Fawcett, D. W. and Raviola, E. (1994) Bloom and Fawcett: A textbook of histology Chapman and Hall: New York, NY.

Gray, H. (1918) Anatomy of the human body. Lea and Febige: Philadelphia, PA.

Liu, C. D., and McFadden, D. W. (1997) "Acute abdomen and appendix." In: Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice. Greenfield, L.J., and Mulholland, M. W., editors. Second edition. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD. pp. 1246-1261.

McCabe, J. (1912) The story of evolution. Small Maynard and co.: Boston. [Gutenberg text]

The Oxford companion to the body. (2001) editors, Colin Blakemore and Sheila Jennett. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Royster, H. A. (1927) Appendicitis. Appleton and Company: New York.

Williams, R. A. and Myers, P. (1994) Pathology of the appendix. Chapman and Hall Medical: New York, NY.

Williams, P. L. and Warwick, R. (1980). Gray's Anatomy. Thirty-sixth edition. Churchill Livingstone: New York, NY.



Epidemiology
Addiss D. G., Shaffer N., Fowler B. S., and Tauxe R. V. (1990) "The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States." Am J Epidemiol 132 :910-925. [PubMed]

Blomqvist, P. G., Andersson, R. E., Granath, F., Lambe, M. P., and Ekbom, A. R. (2001) "Mortality after appendectomy in Sweden, 1987-1996." Ann Surg. 233: 455-460. [PubMed]

Hardin D. M. (1999) "Acute appendicitis: review and update." Am Fam Physician 60: 2027-2034. [PubMed]

Korner H., Sondenaa K., Soreide J. A., Andersen E., Nysted A., Lende T. H., and Kjellevold K. H. (1997) "Incidence of acute nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: age-specific and sex-specific analysis." World J Surg 21: 313-317. [PubMed]

Luckmann R. "Incidence and case fatality rates for acute appendicitis in California. A population-based study of the effects of age." (1989) Am J Epidemiol. 129: 905-918.

Pieper R., and Kager L. (1982) "The incidence of acute appendicitis and appendectomy. An epidemiological study of 971 cases." Acta Chir Scand 148: 45-49. [PubMed]



Possible Functions
Bjerke, K., Brandtzaeg, P., and Rognum, T. O. (1986) "Distribution of immunoglobulin producing cells is different in normal human appendix and colon mucosa." Gut. 27: 667-674. [PubMed]

Craig, S. W. and Cebra, J. J. (1975) "Rabbit Peyer's patches, appendix, and popliteal lymph node B lymphocytes: a comparative analysis of their membrane immunoglobulin components and plasma cell precursor potential." J Immunol. 114: 492-502. [PubMed]

Dasso, J. F., and Howell, M. D. (1997) "Neonatal appendectomy impairs mucosal immunity in rabbits." Cell Immunol 182: 29-37. [PubMed]

Dasso, J. F., Obiakor, H., Bach, H., Anderson, A. O., and Mage, R. G. (2000) "A morphological and immunohistological study of the human and rabbit appendix for comparison with the avian bursa." Dev Comp Immunol 24: 797-814. [PubMed]

Nagler-Anderson, C. (2001) "Man the barrier! Strategic defences in the intestinal mucosa." Nat Rev Immunol. 1: 59-67. [PubMed]

Neiburger, J. B., Neiburger, R. G., Richardson, S. T., Grosfeld, J. L., and Baehner, R. L. (1976) "Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue of infants and children." Infect Immun 14: 118-121. [PubMed]

O'Mally, C. D. and Saunders, J. B. de C. M. (1952) Leondardo da Vinci on the human body: the anatomical, physiological, and embryological drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Ganis and Harris: New York, NY.

Pospisil, R., and Mage, R.G. (1998) "Rabbit appendix: a site of development and selection of the B cell repertoire." Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 229:59-70. [PubMed]

Somekh, E., Serour, F., Gorenstein, A., Vohl, M., and Lehman, D. (2000) "Phenotypic pattern of B cells in the appendix: reduced intensity of CD19 expression." Immunobiology 201: 461-469. [PubMed]

Spencer, J., Finn, T., and Isaacson, P. G. (1985) "Gut associated lymphoid tissue: a morphological and immunocytochemical study of the human appendix." Gut 26: 672-679. [PubMed]



Taxonomy and Systematics
Geoffroy St. Hilaire (1798) "Observations sur l'aile de l'Autruche, par le citoyen Geoffroy." in La Decade Egyptienne, Journal Litteraire et D'Economie Politique. Premier Volume. Au Kaire, de L'Impreimerie Nationale. pp. 46-51

Goodman, M., Porter, C. A., Czelusniak, J., Page, S. L., Schneider, H., Shoshani, J., Gunnell, G., and Groves, C. P. (1998) "Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence." Mol Phylogenet Evol. 9:585-598. [PubMed]

Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L., Humphries, C. J., and Williams, D. M. (1998) Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. Second edition. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Remane, A. (1952) Die Grundlagen des Naturlichen Systems der Vergleichenden Anatomie und der Phylogenetik. Geest und Portig K.G.: Leipzig, Germany.

Rieppel, O. (1988) Fundamentals of comparative biology. Birkhäuser Verlag: Boston.

Schuh, R. T. (2000) Biological systematics: principles and applications. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY.

Shoshani, J., Groves, C. P., Simons, E. L., and Gunnell, G. F. (1996) "Primate phylogeny: morphological vs. molecular results." Mol Phylogenet Evol. 5: 102-154. [PubMed]

Shoshani, J., and McKenna, M. C. (1998) "Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data." Mol Phylogenet Evol.9: 572-584. [PubMed]



Comparative Anatomy of the Appendix
Berry, R. J. A. (1900) "The true caecal apex, or the vermiform appendix: Its minute and comparative anatomy." J Anat Physiol 35: 83.

Fisher, R. E. (2000) "The primate appendix: a reassessment." Anat Rec. 261: 228-236. [PubMed]

Hill, W. C. Osman (1953-1974) Primates, comparative anatomy and taxonomy. Interscience Publishers: New York, NY.

Hyman, L. H. (1979) Hyman's Comparative vertebrate anatomy. Marvalee H. Wake, editor. Third edition. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.

Kardong, K.V. (2002) Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution. Third edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Kluge, A. G. (1977) Chordate structure and function. Macmillan: New York, NY.

Neal, H. V. and Rand, H. W. (1936) Comparative anatomy. P. Blakiston's Son and Co.: Philadelphia, PA.

Romer, A. S. and Parsons T. S. (1986) The vertebrate body. Sixth edition. Saunders College Pub.: Philadelphia, PA.

Scott, G. B. (1980) "The primate caecum and appendix vermiformis: a comparative study." J Anat 131: 549-563. [PubMed]

Smith, H. M. (1960) Evolution of chordate structure; an introduction to comparative anatomy. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, NY.

Weichert, C. K. (1967) Elements of chordate anatomy. Third edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Wiedersheim, R. (1886) Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. translated by W. Newton Parker. Macmillan: New York, NY.

Wolff, R. G. (1991) Functional chordate anatomy. D.C. Heath: Lexington, MA.



Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis
Andersson, R. E., Olaison, G., Tysk, C., and Ekbom, A. (2001) "Appendectomy and protection against ulcerative colitis." N Engl J Med 344: 808-814. [PubMed]

Buergel, N., Schulzke, J. D., and Zeitz, M. (2002) "Appendectomy reduces the risk of development of ulcerative colitis." Chirurg 73: 805-808. [PubMed]

Judge, T., and Lichtenstein, G. R. (2001) "Is the appendix a vestigial organ? Its role in ulcerative colitis." Gastroenterology. 121: 73. [PubMed]

Koutroubakis, I. E., and Vlachonikolis, I. G. (2000) "Appendectomy and the development of ulcerative colitis: results of a metaanalysis of published case-control studies." Am J Gastroenterol 95: 171-176. [PubMed]

Koutroubakis, I. E., Vlachonikolis I. G., and Kouroumalis, E. A. (2002) "Role of appendicitis and appendectomy in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis: a critical review." Inflamm Bowel Dis 8: 277-286. [PubMed]

Naganuma, M., Iizuka, B., Torii, A., Ogihara, T., Kawamura, Y., Ichinose, M., Kojima, Y., and Hibi, T. (2001) "Appendectomy protects against the development of ulcerative colitis and reduces its recurrence: results of a multicenter case-controlled study in Japan." Am J Gastroenterol 96: 1123-1126. [PubMed]

Rutgeerts, P., D'Haens, G., Hiele, M., Geboes, K., and Vantrappen, G. (1994) "Appendectomy protects against ulcerative colitis." Gastroenterology 106: 1251-1253. [PubMed]



Potential Ties to Cancer
Andersen, E. and Isager, H. (1978) "Pre-morbid factors in Hodgkin's disease. II. BCG-vaccination status, tuberculosis, infectious diseases, tonsillectomy, and appendectomy." Scand J Haematol 21: 273-277. [PubMed]

Gledovic, Z. and Radovanovic, Z. (1991) "History of tonsillectomy and appendectomy in Hodgkin's disease." Eur J Epidemiol 7: 612-615 [PubMed]

Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Linet, M. S., Gridley, G., and Olsen, J. H. (1998) "Cancer risk following appendectomy for acute appendicitis (Denmark)." Cancer Causes Control. 9: 183-187. [PubMed]



Congenital Absence
Anyanwu, S. N. (1994) "Agenesis of the appendix--case report." West Afr J Med. 13: 66.[PubMed]

Chevre, F., Gillet, M., and Vuilleumier, H. (2000) "Agenesis of the vermiform appendix." Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 10: 110-112. [PubMed]

Collins, D.C. (1955) "A study of 50,000 specimens of the human vermiform appendix." Surg Gynecol Obstet. 101: 437-445. [PubMed]

Hei, E. L. (2003) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." ANZ J Surg. 73: 862. [PubMed]

Host, W. H., Rush, B., and Lazaro, E. J. (1972) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Am Surg. 38: 355-356. [PubMed]

Iuchtman, M. (1993) "Autoamputation of appendix and the 'absent' appendix." Arch Surg. 128: 600. [PubMed]

Kalyshev, I. G., Andreev, G. F., Kolenda, I. V., and Mustiatsa, V. I. (1995) "Absence of the appendix." Klin Khir. 7-8: 49. [PubMed]

Manoil, L. (1957) "Congenital absence of the appendix." Am J Surg. 93: 1040-1042. [PubMed]

Pester, G.H. (1965) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Arch Surg. 91: 461-462. [PubMed]

Piquet, F., Elmale, C., and Elhadad, A. (1986) "Absence of the appendix. Apropos of a case." J Chir (Paris). 123 :117-8. [PubMed]

Ponomarenko, V. N., and Novikova, N. A. (1978) "Rare case of absence of the vermiform appendix." Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 121: 54-55. [PubMed]

Rolff, M., Jepsen, L. V., and Hoffmann, J. (1992) "The 'absent' appendix." Arch Surg. 127: 992. [PubMed]

Saave, J. J. (1955) "Absence of the vermiform appendix; report of a case discovered at necropsy." Acta Anat (Basel). 23: 327-329. [PubMed]

Shperber, J., Halevy, A., Sayfan, J., and Oland, J. (1983) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Isr J Med Sci. 19: 214-215. [PubMed]

Tilson, M. D. and Touloukian, R. J. (1972) "Agenesis of the vermiform appendix." J Pediatr Surg. 7: 74. [PubMed]

joko riittää ?

Lue lisää

Näin SUPpikin on jo ajat sitten oppinut viskaamaan Raamatun nurkkaan tietoa etsiessään ja turvautumaan ihmisviisauteen. Hehe :D

Niin se vieroitus liian tiukasta kirjaimellisen Raamatuntulkinnan kreationismista kohti ihmisviisautta etenee..
Way to go SUP !

Mr.K.A.T. kirjoitti:

" In fact, congenital absence of the appendix also appears to have no discernable effect. From investigative laparoscopies for suspected appendicitis, many people have been found who completely lack an appendix from birth, apparently without any physiological detriment (Anyanwu 1994; Chevre et al. 2000; Collins 1955; Hei 2003; Host et al. 1972; Iuchtman 1993; Kalyshev et al. 1995; Manoil 1957; Pester 1965; Piquet et al. 1986; Ponomarenko and Novikova 1978; Rolff et al. 1992; Saave 1955; Shperber 1983; Tilson and Touloukian 1972; Williams and Myers 1994, p. 22). "

Siinä..

References
General
Condon, R. E., and Telford, G. L. (1991) "Appendicitis." In: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Townsend, C.M., editor. Fourteenth edition. W. B. Saunders and Co.: Philadelphia, PA. pp. 884-898.

Fawcett, D. W. and Raviola, E. (1994) Bloom and Fawcett: A textbook of histology Chapman and Hall: New York, NY.

Gray, H. (1918) Anatomy of the human body. Lea and Febige: Philadelphia, PA.

Liu, C. D., and McFadden, D. W. (1997) "Acute abdomen and appendix." In: Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice. Greenfield, L.J., and Mulholland, M. W., editors. Second edition. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD. pp. 1246-1261.

McCabe, J. (1912) The story of evolution. Small Maynard and co.: Boston. [Gutenberg text]

The Oxford companion to the body. (2001) editors, Colin Blakemore and Sheila Jennett. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Royster, H. A. (1927) Appendicitis. Appleton and Company: New York.

Williams, R. A. and Myers, P. (1994) Pathology of the appendix. Chapman and Hall Medical: New York, NY.

Williams, P. L. and Warwick, R. (1980). Gray's Anatomy. Thirty-sixth edition. Churchill Livingstone: New York, NY.



Epidemiology
Addiss D. G., Shaffer N., Fowler B. S., and Tauxe R. V. (1990) "The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States." Am J Epidemiol 132 :910-925. [PubMed]

Blomqvist, P. G., Andersson, R. E., Granath, F., Lambe, M. P., and Ekbom, A. R. (2001) "Mortality after appendectomy in Sweden, 1987-1996." Ann Surg. 233: 455-460. [PubMed]

Hardin D. M. (1999) "Acute appendicitis: review and update." Am Fam Physician 60: 2027-2034. [PubMed]

Korner H., Sondenaa K., Soreide J. A., Andersen E., Nysted A., Lende T. H., and Kjellevold K. H. (1997) "Incidence of acute nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: age-specific and sex-specific analysis." World J Surg 21: 313-317. [PubMed]

Luckmann R. "Incidence and case fatality rates for acute appendicitis in California. A population-based study of the effects of age." (1989) Am J Epidemiol. 129: 905-918.

Pieper R., and Kager L. (1982) "The incidence of acute appendicitis and appendectomy. An epidemiological study of 971 cases." Acta Chir Scand 148: 45-49. [PubMed]



Possible Functions
Bjerke, K., Brandtzaeg, P., and Rognum, T. O. (1986) "Distribution of immunoglobulin producing cells is different in normal human appendix and colon mucosa." Gut. 27: 667-674. [PubMed]

Craig, S. W. and Cebra, J. J. (1975) "Rabbit Peyer's patches, appendix, and popliteal lymph node B lymphocytes: a comparative analysis of their membrane immunoglobulin components and plasma cell precursor potential." J Immunol. 114: 492-502. [PubMed]

Dasso, J. F., and Howell, M. D. (1997) "Neonatal appendectomy impairs mucosal immunity in rabbits." Cell Immunol 182: 29-37. [PubMed]

Dasso, J. F., Obiakor, H., Bach, H., Anderson, A. O., and Mage, R. G. (2000) "A morphological and immunohistological study of the human and rabbit appendix for comparison with the avian bursa." Dev Comp Immunol 24: 797-814. [PubMed]

Nagler-Anderson, C. (2001) "Man the barrier! Strategic defences in the intestinal mucosa." Nat Rev Immunol. 1: 59-67. [PubMed]

Neiburger, J. B., Neiburger, R. G., Richardson, S. T., Grosfeld, J. L., and Baehner, R. L. (1976) "Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue of infants and children." Infect Immun 14: 118-121. [PubMed]

O'Mally, C. D. and Saunders, J. B. de C. M. (1952) Leondardo da Vinci on the human body: the anatomical, physiological, and embryological drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Ganis and Harris: New York, NY.

Pospisil, R., and Mage, R.G. (1998) "Rabbit appendix: a site of development and selection of the B cell repertoire." Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 229:59-70. [PubMed]

Somekh, E., Serour, F., Gorenstein, A., Vohl, M., and Lehman, D. (2000) "Phenotypic pattern of B cells in the appendix: reduced intensity of CD19 expression." Immunobiology 201: 461-469. [PubMed]

Spencer, J., Finn, T., and Isaacson, P. G. (1985) "Gut associated lymphoid tissue: a morphological and immunocytochemical study of the human appendix." Gut 26: 672-679. [PubMed]



Taxonomy and Systematics
Geoffroy St. Hilaire (1798) "Observations sur l'aile de l'Autruche, par le citoyen Geoffroy." in La Decade Egyptienne, Journal Litteraire et D'Economie Politique. Premier Volume. Au Kaire, de L'Impreimerie Nationale. pp. 46-51

Goodman, M., Porter, C. A., Czelusniak, J., Page, S. L., Schneider, H., Shoshani, J., Gunnell, G., and Groves, C. P. (1998) "Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence." Mol Phylogenet Evol. 9:585-598. [PubMed]

Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L., Humphries, C. J., and Williams, D. M. (1998) Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. Second edition. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Remane, A. (1952) Die Grundlagen des Naturlichen Systems der Vergleichenden Anatomie und der Phylogenetik. Geest und Portig K.G.: Leipzig, Germany.

Rieppel, O. (1988) Fundamentals of comparative biology. Birkhäuser Verlag: Boston.

Schuh, R. T. (2000) Biological systematics: principles and applications. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY.

Shoshani, J., Groves, C. P., Simons, E. L., and Gunnell, G. F. (1996) "Primate phylogeny: morphological vs. molecular results." Mol Phylogenet Evol. 5: 102-154. [PubMed]

Shoshani, J., and McKenna, M. C. (1998) "Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data." Mol Phylogenet Evol.9: 572-584. [PubMed]



Comparative Anatomy of the Appendix
Berry, R. J. A. (1900) "The true caecal apex, or the vermiform appendix: Its minute and comparative anatomy." J Anat Physiol 35: 83.

Fisher, R. E. (2000) "The primate appendix: a reassessment." Anat Rec. 261: 228-236. [PubMed]

Hill, W. C. Osman (1953-1974) Primates, comparative anatomy and taxonomy. Interscience Publishers: New York, NY.

Hyman, L. H. (1979) Hyman's Comparative vertebrate anatomy. Marvalee H. Wake, editor. Third edition. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.

Kardong, K.V. (2002) Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution. Third edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Kluge, A. G. (1977) Chordate structure and function. Macmillan: New York, NY.

Neal, H. V. and Rand, H. W. (1936) Comparative anatomy. P. Blakiston's Son and Co.: Philadelphia, PA.

Romer, A. S. and Parsons T. S. (1986) The vertebrate body. Sixth edition. Saunders College Pub.: Philadelphia, PA.

Scott, G. B. (1980) "The primate caecum and appendix vermiformis: a comparative study." J Anat 131: 549-563. [PubMed]

Smith, H. M. (1960) Evolution of chordate structure; an introduction to comparative anatomy. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, NY.

Weichert, C. K. (1967) Elements of chordate anatomy. Third edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Wiedersheim, R. (1886) Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. translated by W. Newton Parker. Macmillan: New York, NY.

Wolff, R. G. (1991) Functional chordate anatomy. D.C. Heath: Lexington, MA.



Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis
Andersson, R. E., Olaison, G., Tysk, C., and Ekbom, A. (2001) "Appendectomy and protection against ulcerative colitis." N Engl J Med 344: 808-814. [PubMed]

Buergel, N., Schulzke, J. D., and Zeitz, M. (2002) "Appendectomy reduces the risk of development of ulcerative colitis." Chirurg 73: 805-808. [PubMed]

Judge, T., and Lichtenstein, G. R. (2001) "Is the appendix a vestigial organ? Its role in ulcerative colitis." Gastroenterology. 121: 73. [PubMed]

Koutroubakis, I. E., and Vlachonikolis, I. G. (2000) "Appendectomy and the development of ulcerative colitis: results of a metaanalysis of published case-control studies." Am J Gastroenterol 95: 171-176. [PubMed]

Koutroubakis, I. E., Vlachonikolis I. G., and Kouroumalis, E. A. (2002) "Role of appendicitis and appendectomy in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis: a critical review." Inflamm Bowel Dis 8: 277-286. [PubMed]

Naganuma, M., Iizuka, B., Torii, A., Ogihara, T., Kawamura, Y., Ichinose, M., Kojima, Y., and Hibi, T. (2001) "Appendectomy protects against the development of ulcerative colitis and reduces its recurrence: results of a multicenter case-controlled study in Japan." Am J Gastroenterol 96: 1123-1126. [PubMed]

Rutgeerts, P., D'Haens, G., Hiele, M., Geboes, K., and Vantrappen, G. (1994) "Appendectomy protects against ulcerative colitis." Gastroenterology 106: 1251-1253. [PubMed]



Potential Ties to Cancer
Andersen, E. and Isager, H. (1978) "Pre-morbid factors in Hodgkin's disease. II. BCG-vaccination status, tuberculosis, infectious diseases, tonsillectomy, and appendectomy." Scand J Haematol 21: 273-277. [PubMed]

Gledovic, Z. and Radovanovic, Z. (1991) "History of tonsillectomy and appendectomy in Hodgkin's disease." Eur J Epidemiol 7: 612-615 [PubMed]

Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Linet, M. S., Gridley, G., and Olsen, J. H. (1998) "Cancer risk following appendectomy for acute appendicitis (Denmark)." Cancer Causes Control. 9: 183-187. [PubMed]



Congenital Absence
Anyanwu, S. N. (1994) "Agenesis of the appendix--case report." West Afr J Med. 13: 66.[PubMed]

Chevre, F., Gillet, M., and Vuilleumier, H. (2000) "Agenesis of the vermiform appendix." Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 10: 110-112. [PubMed]

Collins, D.C. (1955) "A study of 50,000 specimens of the human vermiform appendix." Surg Gynecol Obstet. 101: 437-445. [PubMed]

Hei, E. L. (2003) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." ANZ J Surg. 73: 862. [PubMed]

Host, W. H., Rush, B., and Lazaro, E. J. (1972) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Am Surg. 38: 355-356. [PubMed]

Iuchtman, M. (1993) "Autoamputation of appendix and the 'absent' appendix." Arch Surg. 128: 600. [PubMed]

Kalyshev, I. G., Andreev, G. F., Kolenda, I. V., and Mustiatsa, V. I. (1995) "Absence of the appendix." Klin Khir. 7-8: 49. [PubMed]

Manoil, L. (1957) "Congenital absence of the appendix." Am J Surg. 93: 1040-1042. [PubMed]

Pester, G.H. (1965) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Arch Surg. 91: 461-462. [PubMed]

Piquet, F., Elmale, C., and Elhadad, A. (1986) "Absence of the appendix. Apropos of a case." J Chir (Paris). 123 :117-8. [PubMed]

Ponomarenko, V. N., and Novikova, N. A. (1978) "Rare case of absence of the vermiform appendix." Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 121: 54-55. [PubMed]

Rolff, M., Jepsen, L. V., and Hoffmann, J. (1992) "The 'absent' appendix." Arch Surg. 127: 992. [PubMed]

Saave, J. J. (1955) "Absence of the vermiform appendix; report of a case discovered at necropsy." Acta Anat (Basel). 23: 327-329. [PubMed]

Shperber, J., Halevy, A., Sayfan, J., and Oland, J. (1983) "Congenital absence of the vermiform appendix." Isr J Med Sci. 19: 214-215. [PubMed]

Tilson, M. D. and Touloukian, R. J. (1972) "Agenesis of the vermiform appendix." J Pediatr Surg. 7: 74. [PubMed]

joko riittää ?

Lue lisää

   " In fact, congenital absence of the appendix also appears to have no discernable effect. From investigative laparoscopies for suspected appendicitis, many people have been found who completely lack an appendix from birth, apparently without any physiological detriment (Anyanwu 1994; Chevre et al. 2000; Collins 1955; Hei 2003; Host et al. 1972; Iuchtman 1993; Kalyshev et al. 1995; Manoil 1957; Pester 1965; Piquet et al. 1986; Ponomarenko and Novikova 1978; Rolff et al. 1992; Saave 1955; Shperber 1983; Tilson and Touloukian 1972; Williams and Myers 1994, p. 22). "


" Itse asiassa, umpisuolen synnynnäinen puuttuminen ei näytä vaikuttavan mitään vaivaa. .. Monet ihmiset ovat olleet kokonaan vailla umpilisäkkettä syntymästä saakka, ilmeisesti heille ei ole tullut mitään fysiologista vahinkoa

Pikaisesti suomennettuna siitä saa saman kuvan kuin edellisestäkin oletuksesta.

sydämmen.usko.pelastaa kirjoitti:

Lue Herra Tikkasen viesti ajatuksella, niin huomaat minun vastanneen nimenomaan Tikkasen Mutuun ( Tietääkseni..jne. ) aivan oikein sen ansaitsemalla tavalla.

Jos kake 2 ei ymmärrä asioita yleisesti hyväksytyllä tasolla, niin syytön olen minä siihen.

Siunausta.

Lue lisää

jonkinlainen syntien anteeksipyytämis- automaatti?

Vaikuttaa farisealaiselta tai vittuilulta.

MrKAT kirjoitti:

Tietääkseni monesti syntyy myös lapsia, joilla synnynnäisesti puuttuu koko "umppari". Eikä silti ole raportoitu mitään puutteita immuunitoiminnoissa (tai vatsantoiminnoissa).

(Toisinkuin esim kuulemma pernan tapauksessa, keuhkokuumetta tms)

Lue lisää

Jos on synnynnäisesti umpilisäkkeettömiä, niin tässä täyttyy eräs tärkeä pointti, jota olen pohtinut. Siis miten kokeellisesti osoittaisi, onko sillä merkitystä ihmisen elämänkaaren aikana. Harva antaisi sukusolujaan geenimanipuloitavaksi, että tulevalta lapselta jäisi umpilisäke pois!.

Leikkaukset osoittavat, ettei siitä ole hyötyä ainakaan aikuisille "normaalilla" ruolavaliolla eläville. Suuresta leikkausmäärästä johtuen alkaisi "epänormaalilla" ruokavaliolla elävienkin tilastolliset poikkeamat näkyä. Ei ole tietoa asiasta minulla: oletan, ettei tunneta ruokavaliota, missä sitä ihminen tarvitsisi. (Takana tässä eräs rappeutumishypoteesi, ääneenajattelua)

Onkohan noista umpilisäkkeettömistä jossain tarinaa? Googlettelenpa. Joo, Wikissäkin oli mainittu, muttei taida olla kovin yleinen. Voiko tässä nyt sitten sanoa, ettei luonnonvalinta saa otetta ihmisen umpilisäkkeestä? Jos lisäkkeettömyydestä olisi etua, niin tottapa ne sellaiset ihmiset olisivat yleisempiä?

Jos siirrytään "voi olla"-juttuihin, mikään ei osoita, etteikö umpilisäkkeellä voisi olla merkitystä harvinaisissa tilanteissa. Jos harvemmin kuin kerran tuhannessa vuodessa puhkeava "x-rutto" vaikka tappaa 99% lisäkkeellisistä ja 99,9% lisäkkeettömistä, ero on todella suuri. (Tässä nyt esimerkki siitä, mitä "voi olla" -väitteillä voi esittää: siis mitä tahansa)

tuttumies kirjoitti:

Jos on synnynnäisesti umpilisäkkeettömiä, niin tässä täyttyy eräs tärkeä pointti, jota olen pohtinut. Siis miten kokeellisesti osoittaisi, onko sillä merkitystä ihmisen elämänkaaren aikana. Harva antaisi sukusolujaan geenimanipuloitavaksi, että tulevalta lapselta jäisi umpilisäke pois!.

Leikkaukset osoittavat, ettei siitä ole hyötyä ainakaan aikuisille "normaalilla" ruolavaliolla eläville. Suuresta leikkausmäärästä johtuen alkaisi "epänormaalilla" ruokavaliolla elävienkin tilastolliset poikkeamat näkyä. Ei ole tietoa asiasta minulla: oletan, ettei tunneta ruokavaliota, missä sitä ihminen tarvitsisi. (Takana tässä eräs rappeutumishypoteesi, ääneenajattelua)

Onkohan noista umpilisäkkeettömistä jossain tarinaa? Googlettelenpa. Joo, Wikissäkin oli mainittu, muttei taida olla kovin yleinen. Voiko tässä nyt sitten sanoa, ettei luonnonvalinta saa otetta ihmisen umpilisäkkeestä? Jos lisäkkeettömyydestä olisi etua, niin tottapa ne sellaiset ihmiset olisivat yleisempiä?

Jos siirrytään "voi olla"-juttuihin, mikään ei osoita, etteikö umpilisäkkeellä voisi olla merkitystä harvinaisissa tilanteissa. Jos harvemmin kuin kerran tuhannessa vuodessa puhkeava "x-rutto" vaikka tappaa 99% lisäkkeellisistä ja 99,9% lisäkkeettömistä, ero on todella suuri. (Tässä nyt esimerkki siitä, mitä "voi olla" -väitteillä voi esittää: siis mitä tahansa)

Lue lisää

On suunnittelijalla menneet aika pahasti konseptit sekaisin kurkunpään kanssa; toisaalta se mahdollistaa puheen, toisaalta ihminen on ainut nisäkäs, joka voi tukehtua omaan ruokaansa. Tai sitten se on suoraa ryppyilyä päin naamaa, "mitäs syntiset syövät, niin"... Hyvin hyvin epätodennäköistä.

Ei umpparilla hittoikaa tee. Pitäis poistaa varmuuden vuoksi aina. Eikä siitä mitään apua missään ihmerutossa ole, katoppa vaikka HIV, SARS, H5N1-influenssa, espanjantauti, tms. Toiset selviää toiset ei, umpparilla tahi ei.

"There have been cases of people who have been found, usually on laparoscopy or laparotomy, to have a congenital absence of their appendix. There have been no reports of impaired immune or gastrointestinal function in these people."

Ihminen ei tarvi umpisuolta missään vaiheessa elämäänsä. Sen puuttumisen ei ole aiheuttavan yhtään mitään.

Sen sijaan umpisuolella on aikoinaan ollut selvä tehtävä - tehtävä jota vastaavat toimivat umpisuolet useilla muilla eläimillä tekevät tänäkin päivänä.