Täällä on esitetty että EB-Virus, eli tuo aika yleinen ns "pusutauti", laukaisisi MS-taudin. Kun EBV pääsee kehoon, kehon oma puolustusjärjestelmä sotkee EBV:n ja hermosolujen myeliinin ja sen seurauksena hyökkää kehon omia soluja vastaan.
Suurin osa aikuisista saa jossain elämänsä vaiheessa EBV:n. EBV ei poistu kehosta koskaan vaan jää piileväksi. MS taudissa olisi siis kyseessä auto-immuunijärjestelmän reaktio EBV-virusta kohtaan joka kohdistuukin sitten vahingossa kehon omiin soluihin.
----------
Epstein-Barr virus is relevant to multiple sclerosis because several studies have shown that people with MS have higher than expected levels of antibodies to the virus.
The volume of data linking EBV with MS is very impressive. As early as 1981, it was suggested that EBV might be linked to MS [Warner and Carp] and several subsequent studies have noted that the onset of MS often follows infectious mononucleosis [Operskalski at al, Lindberg et al, Marrie et al, Haahr et al and Hernan et al]. It seems that few people develop MS during or immediately after their first EBV infection, although the vast majority of people with MS have been previously infected by the virus [Munch et al]. Other studies have found higher than expected antibodies to EBV proteins, EBV serum DNA or anti-EBV killer T cells in people with MS [Levin et al, Ascherio et al, Larsen et al, Shirodaria et al and Olson et al]. These studies have found that antibodies to the viral proteins, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNA-1 and EBNA-2), viral capsid antigen (VCA) and diffuse early antigen (EA-D), are significantly raised in people with MS. One study found that people with the highest levels of antibodies to EBNA were 33 times more likely to develop MS than people with the lowest levels [Levin et al]. Further evidence comes from another study showing that people with MS have elavated counts of anti-EBV killer T cells suggesting that these cells cross-react with both a section of protein (epitope) on the EBV and with an epitope in myelin [Olson et al].
Pertinently, two studies have found that very few people with MS have no evidence of previous EBV infections [Ascherio and Munch and Wandinger et al]. This last study also demonstrated that active EBV replication is rarely seen in people with stable MS but is correlated with MS relapses.
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/EpsteinBarrvirus.html
Suurin osa aikuisista saa jossain elämänsä vaiheessa EBV:n. EBV ei poistu kehosta koskaan vaan jää piileväksi. MS taudissa olisi siis kyseessä auto-immuunijärjestelmän reaktio EBV-virusta kohtaan joka kohdistuukin sitten vahingossa kehon omiin soluihin.
----------
Epstein-Barr virus is relevant to multiple sclerosis because several studies have shown that people with MS have higher than expected levels of antibodies to the virus.
The volume of data linking EBV with MS is very impressive. As early as 1981, it was suggested that EBV might be linked to MS [Warner and Carp] and several subsequent studies have noted that the onset of MS often follows infectious mononucleosis [Operskalski at al, Lindberg et al, Marrie et al, Haahr et al and Hernan et al]. It seems that few people develop MS during or immediately after their first EBV infection, although the vast majority of people with MS have been previously infected by the virus [Munch et al]. Other studies have found higher than expected antibodies to EBV proteins, EBV serum DNA or anti-EBV killer T cells in people with MS [Levin et al, Ascherio et al, Larsen et al, Shirodaria et al and Olson et al]. These studies have found that antibodies to the viral proteins, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNA-1 and EBNA-2), viral capsid antigen (VCA) and diffuse early antigen (EA-D), are significantly raised in people with MS. One study found that people with the highest levels of antibodies to EBNA were 33 times more likely to develop MS than people with the lowest levels [Levin et al]. Further evidence comes from another study showing that people with MS have elavated counts of anti-EBV killer T cells suggesting that these cells cross-react with both a section of protein (epitope) on the EBV and with an epitope in myelin [Olson et al].
Pertinently, two studies have found that very few people with MS have no evidence of previous EBV infections [Ascherio and Munch and Wandinger et al]. This last study also demonstrated that active EBV replication is rarely seen in people with stable MS but is correlated with MS relapses.
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/EpsteinBarrvirus.html
Vastaukset 2
Vanhimmat
muitakin mekanismeja, esimerkiksi hypernatremia.
Kofeiini aiheuttaa demyelinaatiota mielenkiinoisella mekanismilla. Kofeiinin aineenvaihduntatuote, paraksantiini, aiheuttaa natriumin kertymistä kudoksiin. Kudoksiin kertynyt natrium vapautuu ajoittain eri tekijöiden vaikutuksesta takaisin verenkiertoon ja aiheuttaa aivojen nestehukkaa, seurauksena ponsin osmootinen demyelinaatio.
Äärimmäisessä tapauksessa aivojen nestehukka saattaa johtaa aivojen äkilliseen kutistumiseen siten, että seurauksena on verisuonten repeämiä ja kuolema.
Hypernatremian oireina on lihasten lisääntynyt spastisuus ja sen aiheuttamat hengitysvaikeudet, tummat silmänaluset, painuneet silmät ja yleinen kuivuuden tunne, suonenvedot, tinnitus, ahdistuneisuus, sekavuus jne. Tila pahenee ruokailun jälkeen ja lämpimässä sekä makuuasennossa. Hoitona on nesteytys ja oleskelu viileässä.
Toinen myeliiniä tuhoava tauti on Guillan-Barre syndrooma. Tosin se tuhoaa myeliiniä periferiassa.
Siinä virukset ovat myös syynä (ja muu epämääräinen inokulaatio), mutta myös oma immunologia myeliiniä vastaan.