Lapset ja sikiöt vaarassa
About 17% of school-age children in the United States suffer from a
disability that affects their behavior, memory, or ability to learn,
according to a study published in the March 1994 issue of Pediatrics by
a team from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The
list of maladies includes attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), autistic spectrum disorders, epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, and
less specific conditions such as mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
All are believed to be the outcome of some abnormal process that
unfolded as the brain was developing in utero or in the young child.
These disorders have an enormous impact on families and society.
According to the 1996 book Learning Disabilities: Lifelong Issues,
children with these disorders have higher rates of mental illness and
suicide, and are more likely to engage in substance abuse and to commit
crimes as adults. The overall economic cost of neurodevelopmental
disorders in the United States is estimated to be $81.5-167 billion per
year, according to a report published in the December 2001 issue of EHP
Supplements.
Potentially even more disturbing is that a number of epidemiologic
studies suggest that the incidence of certain disorders is on the rise.
In the United States, the diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders
increased from 4-5 per 10,000 children in the 1980s to 30-60 per 10,000
children in the 1990s, according to a report in the August 2003 Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Similarly, notes a report in the
February 2002 issue of CNS Drugs, the diagnosis of ADHD grew 250%
between 1990 and 1998. The number of children in special education
programs classified with learning disabilities increased 191% between
1977 and 1994, according to an article in Advances in Learning and
Behavioral Disabilities, Volume 12, published in 1998.
So what is going on? The short answer is that no one really knows.
There's not even consensus on what the soaring rates actually mean.
Heightened public awareness could account for the surge in the numbers,
or it may be that physicians are getting better at diagnosing the
conditions. Some autism researchers believe the rise in that condition's
prevalence simply reflects changes in diagnostic criteria over the last
25 years. On the other hand, some scientists believe that the rates of
neurodevelopmental disease are truly increasing, and that the growing
burden of chemicals in the environment may play a role.
About 17% of school-age children in the United States suffer from a
disability that affects their behavior, memory, or ability to learn,
according to a study published in the March 1994 issue of Pediatrics by
a team from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The
list of maladies includes attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), autistic spectrum disorders, epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, and
less specific conditions such as mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
All are believed to be the outcome of some abnormal process that
unfolded as the brain was developing in utero or in the young child.
These disorders have an enormous impact on families and society.
According to the 1996 book Learning Disabilities: Lifelong Issues,
children with these disorders have higher rates of mental illness and
suicide, and are more likely to engage in substance abuse and to commit
crimes as adults. The overall economic cost of neurodevelopmental
disorders in the United States is estimated to be $81.5-167 billion per
year, according to a report published in the December 2001 issue of EHP
Supplements.
Potentially even more disturbing is that a number of epidemiologic
studies suggest that the incidence of certain disorders is on the rise.
In the United States, the diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders
increased from 4-5 per 10,000 children in the 1980s to 30-60 per 10,000
children in the 1990s, according to a report in the August 2003 Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Similarly, notes a report in the
February 2002 issue of CNS Drugs, the diagnosis of ADHD grew 250%
between 1990 and 1998. The number of children in special education
programs classified with learning disabilities increased 191% between
1977 and 1994, according to an article in Advances in Learning and
Behavioral Disabilities, Volume 12, published in 1998.
So what is going on? The short answer is that no one really knows.
There's not even consensus on what the soaring rates actually mean.
Heightened public awareness could account for the surge in the numbers,
or it may be that physicians are getting better at diagnosing the
conditions. Some autism researchers believe the rise in that condition's
prevalence simply reflects changes in diagnostic criteria over the last
25 years. On the other hand, some scientists believe that the rates of
neurodevelopmental disease are truly increasing, and that the growing
burden of chemicals in the environment may play a role.
Vastaukset 2
Vanhimmat
Di certo non conosci la storia della goccia d’acqua, che trema sulla corolla del fiore. La gocciolina, che brilla al sole come se fosse d’argento, viveva un giorno in un torrentello limpido e chiacchierino. Dopo aver corso a lungo fra due rive fiorite di margherite, un bel giorno la gocciolina precipito’ in un grande fiume e comincio’ a correre forte e a vedere tante cose belle. Un giorno arrivo’ al mare e lo vide bello, pareva un altro cielo, quando era sereno, e invece quando si infuriava diventava una distesa di schiuma bianca. Poi venne un gran caldo e pareva che il sole volesse bersi il mare. La nostra gocciolina si senti’ sollevare su verso il cielo: era diventata una specie di fumo leggero e invisibile. E in cielo si trasformo’ in una nuvoletta bianca. Aveva molte amiche e con loro giocava volentieri a rincorrersi, fino a quando venne un ventaccio violento e freddo. E tutte le nuvolette si unirono formando un unico pesante nuvolone nero, che fini’ per disciogliersi e cadere sulla terra sotto forma di pioggia. La nostra gocciolina ora si dondola di nuovo sulla corolla del fiore.
Kirjoittakee joskus selvee savvoo jot immeisetki ymmärtää.