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Miten mormonit suhtautuvat tähän?: http://www.student.oulu.fi/~trinne/blacki/6533.html
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Vastaukset 57

Vanhimmat

Mitä ilmeisemmin koko mustaraamattu on kirjoitettu keskiajalla eikä sillä ole mitään tekemistä Mooseksen eikä Mooseksen kirjojen kanssa. Kirjoittajat ovat todennäköisesti taikauskoiset alkemistit ja ehkä kabbalaan hurahtaneet juutalaiset.

Pelkkää taikauskoa - ei mitään merkitystä koko kirjalla.

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  • Se on minunkin mielipiteeni.

    Kun mormonit ottavat Raamatun lisäksi muita sepustuksia, kiinnosti vain tietää, että harrastavatko okkultismia noidenkin kirjoitusten mukaan.

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  • vain kirjoitti:

    Se on minunkin mielipiteeni.

    Kun mormonit ottavat Raamatun lisäksi muita sepustuksia, kiinnosti vain tietää, että harrastavatko okkultismia noidenkin kirjoitusten mukaan.

    Mormonit eivät harrasta okkultismia missään muodossa.

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  • Minä kirjoitti:

    Mormonit eivät harrasta okkultismia missään muodossa.

    Smith harrasti.

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  • vain kirjoitti:

    Smith harrasti.

    Minä en kirkon / Smithin historiaa niin tarkkaan tunne, mutta jos Smith on poikasena ollut kiinnostunut sellaisista asioista, niin en sitä mitenkään kauheana pidä - onhan tälläkin hetkellä kaiken maailman harrypotter-tsydeemejä, eivätkä ne sen vaarallisempia ole kuin mitkään muutkaan leikit. En usko, että Smith olisi leikkinyt okkultismin kanssa kirkon perustamisen jälkeen - jos edes ennen sitä (voi olla koko väite antimormonismi-bullshittiä).

    MAP-kirkon oppien mukaan pitää pysyä visusti erossa kaikesta taikauskoon-liittyvistä jutuista. Sellaisen katsotaan olevan jotensakin Jumalan pilkkaa - mitään tehoa taikauskossa/okkultismissa ei uskota olevan. Enkä usko minäkään.

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  • Minä kirjoitti:

    Minä en kirkon / Smithin historiaa niin tarkkaan tunne, mutta jos Smith on poikasena ollut kiinnostunut sellaisista asioista, niin en sitä mitenkään kauheana pidä - onhan tälläkin hetkellä kaiken maailman harrypotter-tsydeemejä, eivätkä ne sen vaarallisempia ole kuin mitkään muutkaan leikit. En usko, että Smith olisi leikkinyt okkultismin kanssa kirkon perustamisen jälkeen - jos edes ennen sitä (voi olla koko väite antimormonismi-bullshittiä).

    MAP-kirkon oppien mukaan pitää pysyä visusti erossa kaikesta taikauskoon-liittyvistä jutuista. Sellaisen katsotaan olevan jotensakin Jumalan pilkkaa - mitään tehoa taikauskossa/okkultismissa ei uskota olevan. Enkä usko minäkään.

    Omien sanojesi mukaan et ole edes tutkinut kirkkosi historiaa - miten voit päätellä, ettei Smith harrastanut okkultismia poikavuosiensa jälkeen?

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  • magus kirjoitti:

    Omien sanojesi mukaan et ole edes tutkinut kirkkosi historiaa - miten voit päätellä, ettei Smith harrastanut okkultismia poikavuosiensa jälkeen?

    Kirkon oppien mukaan okkultismista pitää pysyä erossa. Se riittää minulle. Smith on ollut perustamassa kirkkoa, joten jos ja kun opit eivät ole muuttuneet, niin mitään okkultismia ei ole ollut kirkon perustamisen jälkeen.

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  • Minä kirjoitti:

    Kirkon oppien mukaan okkultismista pitää pysyä erossa. Se riittää minulle. Smith on ollut perustamassa kirkkoa, joten jos ja kun opit eivät ole muuttuneet, niin mitään okkultismia ei ole ollut kirkon perustamisen jälkeen.

    Oletpa naiivi.

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  • magus kirjoitti:

    Oletpa naiivi.

    miksi olen naiivi?

    Tämä okkultismiväite on vähän sama kuin lähtisit nyt ahdistelemaan jotain luterilaista siitä, että harrastetaanko heidän kirkossaan juutalaisvainoa ja kielestä kirkon oveen naulaamista.

    Sitten jos arvon luterilainen vastaisi, että ei kuulu kirkon oppeihin ja sellaista ei ole tehty, niin hyväksyisitkö vastauksen eri tavalla?

    Kuten sanottu, minulle riittää se, mitä kirkko opettaa tänä päivänä - ei kiinnosta vähääkään vaikka J Smith olisi leikkinyt Star Trek-leluilla.

    Taidat itse olla vähän naiivi.

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  • Minä kirjoitti:

    miksi olen naiivi?

    Tämä okkultismiväite on vähän sama kuin lähtisit nyt ahdistelemaan jotain luterilaista siitä, että harrastetaanko heidän kirkossaan juutalaisvainoa ja kielestä kirkon oveen naulaamista.

    Sitten jos arvon luterilainen vastaisi, että ei kuulu kirkon oppeihin ja sellaista ei ole tehty, niin hyväksyisitkö vastauksen eri tavalla?

    Kuten sanottu, minulle riittää se, mitä kirkko opettaa tänä päivänä - ei kiinnosta vähääkään vaikka J Smith olisi leikkinyt Star Trek-leluilla.

    Taidat itse olla vähän naiivi.

    "Kuten sanottu, minulle riittää se, mitä kirkko opettaa tänä päivänä - ei kiinnosta vähääkään vaikka J Smith olisi leikkinyt Star Trek-leluilla."

    Ei minun tarvitse perustella naiiviuttasi, sillä sinä perustelet sen itse omin sanoin.

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  • magus kirjoitti:

    Omien sanojesi mukaan et ole edes tutkinut kirkkosi historiaa - miten voit päätellä, ettei Smith harrastanut okkultismia poikavuosiensa jälkeen?

    Tietysti voidaan nyt kysyä mitä tarkkoitat okkultismilla tässä yhteydessä? Temppelitoimituksia? Viitaten tuohon "pay lay ale" - otsikoosi....?

    Mutta ihan faktaa on että ei harrastanut.

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  • magus kirjoitti:

    "Kuten sanottu, minulle riittää se, mitä kirkko opettaa tänä päivänä - ei kiinnosta vähääkään vaikka J Smith olisi leikkinyt Star Trek-leluilla."

    Ei minun tarvitse perustella naiiviuttasi, sillä sinä perustelet sen itse omin sanoin.

    No, mitäpä tähän sanoisi.... jos olisin samanlainen ääshole kuin sinä ja hyökkäisin jotain muuta uskontoa vastaan, niin suhtautuisin ehkä samalla tavalla kuin sinä ;)

    Vastaappa viisaana miehenä seuraaviin:

    1) Sanoppa minulle yksikin uskonto, jonka historiassa ei ole mitään "kummallista"!

    2) Kerro minulle mistä lähteestä olet saanut päähäsi, että JS on touhunnut okkultismin kanssa?

    3) Jos osaat sanoa lähteen, niin anna se minulle tutkittavaksi!

    Että sillä tavalla.....

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Tietysti voidaan nyt kysyä mitä tarkkoitat okkultismilla tässä yhteydessä? Temppelitoimituksia? Viitaten tuohon "pay lay ale" - otsikoosi....?

    Mutta ihan faktaa on että ei harrastanut.

    Luepa Zappa Michael D. Quinnin kirja Early Mormonism and Magic World View. Kaveri sentään möyri yli 25 vuotta Ensimmäisen presidenttikunnan kammiossa ja on tutkinut tuon sektorin perinpohjin... myös yleisen yhteiskunnallisen vaikutuksen silloisessa Amerikassa. Kaikki vitteet kirjassa ovat vahvaa akateemista tavaraa ja löytyy myös valokopioita mm. Smithin perheen okkultistisista tavaroista.

    Tuon ajan Amerikassa okkultismi ei ollut mikään vieras juttu ja sitä harrastettiin laajasti; eritoten saksalaiset emigrantit toivat tullessaan okkultismin harjoittamista mukanaan Amerikkaan. Itä-rannikko, mukaanlukien New Yorkin alue oli vahvasti okkultismin vaikutuksen alainen.

    Kannattaa myös laittaa Googleen hakusanoja aiheesta ja tieto valaistuu... älkää eläkö tietämättömyydessä kuten minä tein lähes 40 vuotta. Tietämättömyys on mormonien suurin synti...

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  • Historia kirjoitti:

    Luepa Zappa Michael D. Quinnin kirja Early Mormonism and Magic World View. Kaveri sentään möyri yli 25 vuotta Ensimmäisen presidenttikunnan kammiossa ja on tutkinut tuon sektorin perinpohjin... myös yleisen yhteiskunnallisen vaikutuksen silloisessa Amerikassa. Kaikki vitteet kirjassa ovat vahvaa akateemista tavaraa ja löytyy myös valokopioita mm. Smithin perheen okkultistisista tavaroista.

    Tuon ajan Amerikassa okkultismi ei ollut mikään vieras juttu ja sitä harrastettiin laajasti; eritoten saksalaiset emigrantit toivat tullessaan okkultismin harjoittamista mukanaan Amerikkaan. Itä-rannikko, mukaanlukien New Yorkin alue oli vahvasti okkultismin vaikutuksen alainen.

    Kannattaa myös laittaa Googleen hakusanoja aiheesta ja tieto valaistuu... älkää eläkö tietämättömyydessä kuten minä tein lähes 40 vuotta. Tietämättömyys on mormonien suurin synti...

    ... että en asiaa haluaisi tutkia?

    Kirjoitit:
    Tuon ajan Amerikassa okkultismi ei ollut mikään vieras juttu ja sitä harrastettiin laajasti; eritoten saksalaiset emigrantit toivat tullessaan okkultismin harjoittamista mukanaan Amerikkaan. Itä-rannikko, mukaanlukien New Yorkin alue oli vahvasti okkultismin vaikutuksen alainen.

    Aivan ... siis ei mitään outoa koko asiassa ...

    Jos tuo kirja jostakin eteen tupsahtaa niin kyllä sen luen. Ei kenelläkään olisi sitä lainata?

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    ... että en asiaa haluaisi tutkia?

    Kirjoitit:
    Tuon ajan Amerikassa okkultismi ei ollut mikään vieras juttu ja sitä harrastettiin laajasti; eritoten saksalaiset emigrantit toivat tullessaan okkultismin harjoittamista mukanaan Amerikkaan. Itä-rannikko, mukaanlukien New Yorkin alue oli vahvasti okkultismin vaikutuksen alainen.

    Aivan ... siis ei mitään outoa koko asiassa ...

    Jos tuo kirja jostakin eteen tupsahtaa niin kyllä sen luen. Ei kenelläkään olisi sitä lainata?

    http://www.irr.org/mit/masonry.html

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  • täällä kirjoitti:

    Elikkä vanhaa on juttu.

    Oletin että jotan uutta olisi ollut tiedossa.

    Esim. se, että jos Joseph Smith muutaman kerran näytösomaisesti näytti miten käännöstyö on mm. sujunut, niin sitten ajatellaan että näin on koko Mormonin Kirjan osalta... Elikkä siis että Joseph Smith vain katsot niihin kiviin hattunsa sisällä ja levyjä ei ollut missään...

    Kuitenkin se versio jota kirkossa opetetaan on kaikkein tarkin ja täsmällisin. Levyltä Joseph Smith käänsi "Uurimin" ja "Tummimin" avulla tekstin englanniksi. Kaikki käännöstyössä olleet ovat tämän vahvistaneet.

    Kannattaisi tutkia tätäkin historiaa paremmin ennenkuin lähtee kirkosta valheellisen tiedon takia pois.

    Mutta kun se on niin mukavaa hyökätä kirkon kimppuun ja antaa vain ja ainoastaan kuva että käännöstyöhön ei tarvittu muka levy ollenkaan, niin mikä ettei.

    Sitten vielä se syytös Joseph Smithin "aarteiden kaivuusta". Syytöshän todettiin perusteettomaksi eikä siis mitään rangaistusta annettu. Sivuilla tosin yritetään lieventään tätäkin faktaa yrittämällä uskotella että tuomari olisi päästänyt Joseph Smithin pälkähästä vain sillä perusteella että kysessä olisi ollut "ensimmäinen kerta" oikeuden edessä.

    Tekstiä:

    Joseph Smith's Translation of the Book of Mormon: Evidence for Tight Control of the Text

    Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1998. P. N/A


    Joseph Smith's Translation of the Book of Mormon: Evidence for Tight Control of the Text
    Royal Skousen

    Introduction
    The Prophet Joseph Smith said very little about the actual process of translating the Book of Mormon. However, a thorough study of the original text of the Book of Mormon (including a detailed examination of both the original and printer's manuscripts) and a careful review of statements made by those who witnessed Joseph Smith translating combine to provide valuable information about the translation process. Even details such as spelling corrections and textual insertions provide definite clues about how Joseph translated.

    This evidence does not support theories that Joseph Smith composed the text himself or that he took the text from some other source. Instead, it indicates that the Lord exercised what I refer to as "tight control" over the word-by-word translation of the Book of Mormon. In particular, the evidence suggests that Joseph Smith saw specific words written out in English and read them off to the scribe, and that the accuracy of the resulting text depended on the carefulness of Joseph and his scribe. Indeed, this evidence is most compatible with the account that Joseph himself gave, that he translated the Book of Mormon "by the gift and power of God."

    Statements from Witnesses of the Translation
    Witnesses of the translation process make two kinds of claims. First of all, the witnesses provide valuable evidence of what they actually saw taking place. Generally speaking, their observations are consistent with the physical evidence in the original manuscript. On the other hand, these witnesses frequently made claims about matters that they themselves could not observe. For instance, some described what they believed Joseph Smith saw in the interpreters; and many claimed that Joseph could not go on until the scribe had written down letter-for-letter what Joseph saw. It turns out that these kinds of claims are not supported by the evidence in the original manuscript. Of course, the witnesses themselves did not see what Joseph saw. For these kinds of claims, the witnesses were either offering their own conjectures or perhaps recalling what Joseph might have told them. Nonetheless, all seemed to believe that Joseph Smith actually saw words in English, and there is evidence in the original manuscript to support this idea.

    During the translation process, the witnesses were able to observe, in an open setting, the following:

    Joseph Smith placing the interpreters (either the Urim and Thummim or the seer stone) in a hat and placing his face into the hat;

    Joseph dictating for long periods of time without reference to any books, papers, manuscripts, or even the plates themselves;

    Joseph spelling out unfamiliar Book of Mormon names;

    after each dictated sequence, the scribe reading back to Joseph what was written so that Joseph could check the correctness of the manuscript;

    Joseph starting a dictation session without prompting from the scribe about where the previous session had ended.

    The translation process that these witnesses observed was an open one—that is, others in the room could observe the dictation from Joseph Smith to the scribe. But early on in the translation, from late 1827 to early 1828, it appears that Joseph used a different process while translating. During this early period, Joseph would first copy some of the characters directly from the plates onto sheets of paper, from which sheets he would then translate his transcribed characters into English by means of the Urim and Thummim. During such a process, the plates were uncovered while Joseph translated (or at least while he copied the characters from the plates to paper); and since no one was permitted to see the plates until later, Joseph took precautions to prevent anyone from seeing him working directly with the plates. Martin Harris, in a couple of early statements, said that a blanket or curtain separated Joseph from him at the time he (Martin) obtained a sample transcript and translation to take to Professor Anthon in New York City.

    In place of this early procedure, Joseph Smith soon turned to a method of translation that depended directly on the interpreters alone, so that the plates did not have to be viewed, and thus the translation could be done openly. All witnesses that refer either to the translation of the lost 116 pages or to our own current Book of Mormon (Emma Smith, Martin Harris, and members of the Whitmer family) openly observed this translation process—one without a curtain or blanket separating Joseph from his scribe. In fact, according to Emma, the plates were wrapped up and not directly used.

    On the basis of the witnesse's statements, we can identify the following stages in the translation process:

    Joseph Smith sees (in some way) the English text;
    Joseph reads off the text to the scribe;
    the scribe hears the text;
    the scribe writes the text.
    Evidence from the original and printer's manuscripts suggests that the only revealed stage in the translation process was what Joseph Smith himself saw by means of the interpreters. Witnesses seemed to have believed that Joseph actually saw an English text in the interpreters, but it is possible that Joseph saw the text, so to speak, in his "mind's eye". In any event, all other stages—from Joseph Smith reading off that text to the scribe writing it down—potentially introduced human error and had to be carefully monitored.

    The idea of a revealed text raises an important question: To what degree did the Lord control the dictation of the Book of Mormon? There appear to be three possible kinds of control over the dictation of the text:

    Loose control: Ideas were revealed to Joseph Smith, and he put those ideas into his own language (a theory advocated by many Book of Mormon scholars over the years);
    Tight control: Joseph saw specific words written out in English and read them off to the scribe—the accuracy of the resulting text depending on the carefulness of Joseph and his scribe;
    Iron-clad control: Joseph (or the interpreters themselves) would not allow any scribal error to remain (including the spelling of common words).
    One can also conceive of mixtures of these different kinds of control. For instance, one might argue for tight control over the spelling of specific names, but loose control over the English phraseology itself.

    A number of statements from the witnesses definitely show that virtually all of them believed in the iron-clad theory:

    Joseph Knight (autograph [between 1833 and 1847]):

    But if it was not Spelt rite it would not go away till it was rite, so we see it was marvelous.

    Emma Smith (Edmund Briggs interview, 1856):

    When my husband was translating the Book of Mormon, I wrote a part of it, as he dictated each sentence, word for word, and when he came to proper names he could not pronounce, or long words, he spelled them out, and while I was writing them, if I made a mistake in spelling, he would stop me and correct my spelling, although it was impossible for him to see how I was writing them down at the time.

    Martin Harris (Edward Stevenson's 1881 account):

    By aid of the seer stone, sentences would appear and were read by the Prophet and written by Martin, and when finished he would say, "Written," and if correctly written, that sentence would disappear and another appear in its place, but if not written correctly it remained until corrected, so that the translation was just as it was engraven on the plates, precisely in the language then used.

    David Whitmer (Eri Mullin interview, 1874):

    . . . the words would appear, and if he failed to spell the word right, it would stay till it was spelled right, then pass away; another come, and so on.

    Evidence in the Manuscripts
    We now turn to the original manuscript and what it can specifically tell us about the translation process. In a number of instances it provides valuable support (or at least consistent evidence) for what the witnesses saw. This manuscript also provides valuable evidence for procedures that none of the witnesses described in any of their statements. The five conclusions that follow are based on evidence in the original manuscript and, to a lesser extent, on corroborating evidence in the printer's manuscript.

    The original manuscript was written from dictation
    All witnesses of the translation stated that Joseph Smith dictated the text of the Book of Mormon. This claim is supported by certain errors in the original manuscript which clearly resulted from the scribe mishearing what Joseph had dictated. These errors were not the result of the scribe misreading while visually copying from some other manuscript or even from a copy of the King James Bible. As an example of this kind of error, consider the difficulty the scribe had in hearing the difference between and and an. In 1 Nephi 13:29 of the original manuscript the scribe (not yet identified, but designated as scribe 2) wrote down the following:

    & because of these things which are taken away out of the gosple of the Lamb & exceeding great many do stumble

    Obviously, scribe 2 misheard "an exceeding great many" as "and exceeding great many". The scribe's use of the ampersand (&) shows that the error was not based on visual similarity. Hearing an, the scribe interpreted it as the casual speech form an' for and.

    In contrast to this error from the original manuscript, the errors that are found in the printer's manuscript show that this second manuscript was visually copied. As Oliver Cowdery was copying from the original manuscript into the printer's manuscript, he sometimes incorrectly read the original manuscript. In many cases, the error leads to a more difficult reading, as in the following example:
    Alma 30:52

    original manuscript:

    yea & I always knew that there was a God

    printer's manuscript:

    yea & I also knew that there was a God

    This error was due to visual similarity between the words always and also. This kind of error does not appear in the original manuscript, because the scribes were not copying from another written source but were hearing the words dictated by Joseph Smith.

    Joseph Smith was working with at least twenty words at a time

    There is some evidence in the original manuscript to suggest the minimal amount of text Joseph Smith viewed as he was dictating. Consider, for instance, the evidence from scribal anticipations. Frequently the scribe, in attempting to keep up with Joseph's dictation, jumped ahead of the actual text. In the following example Oliver Cowdery anticipated the text in Alma 56:41 of the original manuscript:

    & it came to pass that again when the light of the morning came we saw the Lamanites upon us

    (Here and elsewhere in this article, the angled brackets refer to a crossout.) This example suggests that Joseph and Oliver started out together, but by the time Oliver finished writing "& it came to pass that again," Joseph had moved along far enough that he was then dictating "we saw the Lamanites upon us" and Oliver started to write that down when he realized he had skipped the intervening text ("when the light of the morning came"), so he immediately crossed out "we saw the Lamanites" and wrote the correct sequence, possibly with Joseph repeating the correct text for him. If this explanation is correct, then it indicates that Joseph had at least twenty words in view as he was dictating.

    Joseph Smith could see the spelling of names

    Several witnesses to the translation process claimed that Joseph Smith sometimes spelled out names to the scribe. And we find evidence in the original manuscript in support of this process. Frequently the first occurrence of a Book of Mormon name is first spelled phonetically, then that spelling is corrected; in some instances, the incorrect spelling is crossed out and followed on the same line by the correct spelling, thus indicating that the correction was an immediate one. For example, in Alma 33:15 the text of the original manuscript reads as follows:

    for it is not written that Zenos alone spake of these things but Zenoch also spake of these things

    Oliver Cowdery first wrote Zenock using the expected ck English spelling for the k sound when preceded by a short vowel. But then Oliver crossed out the whole word and immediately afterwards, on the same line, wrote Zenoch, thus indicating that the spelling agrees with the biblical name Enoch. This example also suggests that Joseph Smith spelled out the ch sequence for Oliver, although it is possible that Joseph could have repronounced the ch sequence with the incorrect ch sound rather than with the correct k sound in order to help Oliver get it down right.

    But there are also examples for which it is impossible to find a repronunciation that will guarantee the correct spelling. For instance, in Helaman 1:15 Oliver Cowdery first wrote the name Coriantumr phonetically, as Coriantummer, then he crossed it all out and wrote out the correct spelling, Coriantumr:

    & they were lead by a man whose name was Coriantumr

    In this case, no matter how slowly or carefully Joseph Smith might have repronounced Coriantumr, it would have been impossible for him to have indicated that there was no vowel between the m and r at the end of the name except by actually spelling out the separate letters m and r. Nor could Oliver have guessed this spelling since no word (or name) in English ends in mr. In fact, Oliver ends the correct spelling Coriantumr with a large flourish on the final r, which Oliver produces nowhere else in either the original or the printer's manuscript. This addition may reveal Oliver's frustration at having to guess at such a weird spelling.

    The scribe repeated the text to Joseph Smith
    According to David Whitmer, a dictation of words was followed by a checking sequence in which the scribe would read back the text to Joseph Smith. If an error was discovered, Joseph would presumably then read off the correct text once more until he was satisfied that the scribe had written it down correctly.

    The specific evidence from the original manuscript is consistent with the claim that the scribe read back what had been written. In such a process, Joseph Smith would be checking what he was hearing from the scribe against what he was viewing in the interpreters. But such agreement would not guarantee the accuracy of the manuscript. For instance, the name Amalickiah was frequently spelled as Ameleckiah in the original manuscript. This misspelling shows that Joseph placed the stress on the first syllable, not the second. If the stress had been on the second syllable, the scribe would have consistently spelled the second vowel with the letter a. Therefore, given Joseph's pronunciation of Amalickiah with stress on the first syllable, there would be no way for him to detect the incorrect spelling Ameleckiah when the scribe, in reading back the text, pronounced the name as Joseph did (with stress on the first syllable). This same difficulty in hearing word differences applies to phonetically similar words (such as and versus an). Many of the undetected errors that remain in the original manuscript could not have been caught when read back because there was little if any difference in pronunciation.
    Corrections in the original manuscript are also consistent with a repetition sequence. The clear majority of changes in the original manuscript were made immediately; that is, the scribe caught the error during Joseph Smith's initial dictation. Evidence for these immediate corrections include: corrections following on the same line, erasures showing ink smearing (since the ink had not yet dried), or corrections above the line or insertions in the line with no change in the level of ink flow or difference in the quill. These immediate corrections also include numerous cases where the crossed-out word is only part of the intended word or is obviously miswritten.

    On the other hand, there are also numerous changes that are consistent with a process of correcting errors found while reading back the text. In these instances, the original form is complete and the error is usually not obvious (that is, the reading is not a difficult reading); the correction is supralinear or inserted in line, but there is no erasure, only a crossout, and the level of ink flow is usually different.

    In addition, some corrections were made well after the repetition sequence. In fact, a few of the later corrections in the original manuscript were apparently made when the printer's manuscript was being copied from the original manuscript, or even later when sheets of the 1830 edition were being proofed. Sometimes the change was by a different scribe or in a different medium (pencil rather than ink). In virtually every case these few corrections eliminated difficult readings in the original manuscript.

    The word chapter and the corresponding chapter numbers were not part of the revealed text
    Evidence from both the original and printer's manuscripts shows that Joseph Smith apparently saw some visual indication at the end of a section that the section was ending. Although this may have been a symbol of some kind, a more likely possibility is that the last words of the section were followed by blankness. Recognizing that the section was ending, Joseph then told the scribe to write the word chapter, with the understanding that the appropriate number would be added later.

    There is considerable evidence in both manuscripts to support this interpretation. First, the word chapter is never used by any writer in the text itself, unlike the term book, which is used to refer to an individual book in the Book of Mormon (such as the book of Helaman) as well as a whole set of plates (such as the book of Nephi, meaning the large plates of Nephi).

    Second, chapters are assigned before the beginning of a book. For instance, in the original manuscript, we have the following at the beginning of 2 Nephi:



    second Chapter I

    The ^ Book of Nephi ^
    An account of the death of Lehi . . .

    Oliver Cowdery first wrote Chapter at the conclusion of the last section in 1 Nephi—that is, at the conclusion of Chapter VII in the original chapter system; our current chapter system dates from Orson Pratt's 1879 edition of the Book of Mormon (which has 22 chapters in 1 Nephi). At this point, Joseph Smith had no indication that a new book was beginning. All he could see was the end of Chapter VII (namely, the words "and thus it is Amen" followed probably by blankness or maybe a special symbol). Later, when Oliver was adding the chapter numbers, he first assigned the Roman numeral VIII to this first chapter of 2 Nephi. But when he realized that this was actually the beginning of a new book, he crossed out the whole chapter designation and inserted (with slightly weaker ink flow) "Chapter I" after the title of the book, which originally was simply designated as "The Book of Nephi". Later he realized that there was more than one book of Nephi, which led him to also insert the word second (with considerably heavier ink flow).

    This system of assigning chapters also explains why the two manuscripts have chapter numbers assigned to the short books found at the end of the small plates (Enos, Jarom, Omni, and the Words of Mormon) as well as 4 Nephi. These books contain only one section, but at the beginning of each of these short books, Joseph Smith apparently had no knowledge that this was the case. This fact further shows that Joseph himself did not know in advance the contents or structure of the text.

    Probably the strongest evidence that the word chapter is not original to the revealed text is that the chapter numbers are assigned later in both manuscripts. The numbers are almost always written with heavier ink flow and more carefully. In many cases, Oliver Cowdery took turns to add serifs to his Roman numerals. On the other hand, his Chapter is always written rapidly and with the same general ink flow as the surrounding text. In the printer's manuscript, at the beginning of Chapter XVII in Alma (now the beginning of Alma 36), the Roman numeral XVII was written in blue ink, not the normal black ink. This example clearly suggests that this part of the original manuscript itself did not yet have chapter numbers assigned to it when Oliver started to copy it, perhaps six months after it had been dictated.

    Evidence in the Original Text
    The evidence for loose control seems to rely heavily upon the notion that the nonstandard use of English in the original text could not have come from the Lord (since some suppose he only speaks "correct" English). The use of dialectal English, in this view, is said to be Joseph Smith's contribution, thus by inference the Lord only gave Joseph Smith ideas, not specific words. However, Joseph's practice of spelling out names definitely suggests that a theory of loose control must be revised in some way: Joseph had some view of the specific spelling for names, in particular, names with impossible spellings for English literates.

    Non-English Hebraisms in the Original Text
    One of the interesting complexities of the original English-language text of the Book of Mormon is that it contains expressions that appear to be uncharacteristic of English in all of its dialects and historical stages. These structures also support the notion that Joseph Smith's translation is a literal one and not simply a reflection of either his own dialect or the style of early modern English found in the King James Version of the Bible.

    For instance, in the original text of the Book of Mormon we find a number of occurrences of a Hebrew-like conditional clause. In English, we have conditional clauses like "if you come, then I will come", with then being optional. In Hebrew this same clause is expressed as "if you come and I will come". In the original text of the Book of Mormon, there were at least fourteen occurrences of this non-English expression. One occurrence was removed in 1 Nephi 17:50 as Oliver Cowdery was producing the printer's manuscript by copying from the original manuscript:

    1 Nephi 17:50

    original manuscript:

    if he should command me that I should say unto this water be thou earth
    and it shall be earth

    printer's manuscript:

    if he should command me that I should say unto this water be thou earth
    it should be earth

    The remaining thirteen occurrences were all removed by Joseph Smith in his editing for the second edition of the Book of Mormon, published in 1837 in Kirtland, Ohio. One example comes from the famous passage in Moroni 10:4 where Joseph removed the extraneous and in the second edition of the Book of Mormon:

    and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart with real intent having faith in Christ and he will manifest the truth of it unto you by the power of the Holy Ghost

    This original use of and is not due to scribal error, especially since this same if-and expression occurs seven times in one brief passage:

    Helaman 12:13–21

    yea and if he sayeth unto the earth move and it is moved
    yea if he say unto the earth thou shalt go back that it lengthen out the day for many hours and it is done . . .
    and behold also if he sayeth unto the waters of the great deep be thou dried up and it is done
    behold if he sayeth unto this mountain be thou raised up and come over and fall upon that city that it be buried up and behold it is done . . .
    and if the Lord shall say be thou accursed that no man shall find thee from this time henceforth and forever and behold no man getteth it henceforth and forever
    and behold if the Lord shall say unto a man because of thine iniquities thou shalt be accursed forever and it shall be done
    and if the Lord shall say because of thine iniquities thou shalt be cut off from my presence and he will cause that it shall be so
    These examples of the if-and construction in the original text suggest that Joseph Smith did not simply get the idea of a conditional construction in his mind and then put it into his own words. If that had been the case, he should have translated that idea using the English if-then construction, possibly without the then, but certainly without the connective and. The multiple occurrence of the non-English if-and construction suggests that even the word and was controlled for.

    Consistency of Phraseology in the Original Text
    There is substantial evidence within the text itself for tight control over specific words, phrases, and sentences of English. For instance, John Welch and Tim Rathbone have pointed out an interesting case where the Book of Mormon makes the same identical (nonbiblical) quote in widely separated parts of the text. The example they give is based on Lehi's vision of the kingdom of God as found in 1 Nephi 1:8 and Alma 36:22:

    1 Nephi 1:8

    and he thought he saw
    God sitting upon his throne
    surrounded with numberless concourses of angels
    in the attitude of singing and praising their God

    Alma 36:22

    and methought I saw
    even as our father Lehi saw
    God sitting upon his throne
    surrounded with numberless concourses of angels
    in the attitude of singing and praising their God

    This identity of quotation provides striking support for a theory of tight control over the translation.

    In numerous cases we find that the original Book of Mormon text is consistent in its phraseology, but subsequent copying errors or changes due to editing have created exceptional phrases uncharacteristic of the text. For example, the Book of Mormon originally referred to people pressing their way forward, but never feeling their way, as in Lehi's dream of the tree of life:

    1 Nephi 8:21

    and I saw numberless concourses of people many of whom were pressing forward that they might obtain the path

    1 Nephi 8:24 (2 times)

    and it came to pass that I beheld others pressing forward . . . and they did press forward through the mists of darkness

    1 Nephi 8:30 (2 times)

    behold he saw other multitudes pressing forward . . . and they did press their way forward

    Yet in one case Oliver Cowdery accidentally miscopied the correct pressing as feeling:

    1 Nephi 8:31

    original manuscript:

    and he also saw other multitudes pressing their way towards that great and spacious building

    printer's manuscript:

    and he also saw other multitudes feeling their way towards that great and spacious building

    Other examples of "pressing forward" are found in 2 Nephi 31:20 (2 times) and Ether 14:12. But there are no scriptural uses of the modern expression "feeling one's way", in either the Book of Mormon or anywhere else (including the King James Bible)—except by accident here in 1 Nephi 8:31.

    A second example is in 1 Nephi 12:18, where the current text refers to "the word of the justice of the eternal God". Yet in the original manuscript, this passage refers to "the sword of the justice of the eternal God":

    1 Nephi 12:18

    original manuscript:

    and a great and a terrible gulf divideth them
    yea even the sword of the justice of the eternal God

    printer's manuscript:

    and a great and a terrible gulf divideth them
    yea even the word of the justice of the eternal God

    Oliver Cowdery misread sword as word when he was copying the original manuscript into the printer's manuscript, yet neither he nor subsequent editors noticed that the Book of Mormon nowhere else refers to the word of the justice of God, only to the sword of the justice of God:

    "the sword of his justice" (Alma 26:19)
    "the sword of justice" (Alma 60:29)
    "the sword of justice" (Helaman 13:5, 2 times)
    "the sword of my justice" (3 Nephi 20:20)
    "the sword of his justice" (3 Nephi 29:4)
    "the sword of the justice of the eternal God" (Ether 8:23)

    In fact, the phraseology in the last example is precisely the same as the original reading in 1 Nephi 12:18.

    Conscious editing has also created exceptional readings in the text. For instance, in his editing for the second (1837, Kirtland) edition of the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith changed one case of had hope to had hoped:

    Jacob 5:46

    printer's manuscript and 1830 edition:

    and these I had hope to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

    1837 edition:

    and these I had hoped to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

    By adding the d to hope, Joseph reinterpreted the original main verb had and the direct object noun hope as a past perfect verb phrase (had hoped). Nonetheless, this change created an exception to the rest of the Book of Mormon text. Elsewhere, there are 17 examples of the main verb have taking the noun hope as a direct object, including two examples of had hope, one of which is close by:

    Jacob 7:5

    and he had hope to shake me from the faith

    Mormon 6:4

    and here we had hope to gain advantage over the Lamanites

    Except for the change in Jacob 5:46, there are no other examples of the verb hope occurring with the perfect auxiliary have—that is, there are no other examples of have hoped, has hoped, hath hoped, or had hoped in the entire Book of Mormon.

    Conclusion
    Evidence from the original manuscript supports the traditional belief that Joseph Smith received a revealed text by means of the interpreters. This idea of a controlled text originates with statements made by witnesses of the translation. The evidence from the original manuscript, when joined with internal evidence from the text itself, suggests that this control was tight, but not iron-clad. The text could be "ungrammatical" from a prescriptive point of view, but the use of nonstandard English is not evidence that the text was not being tightly controlled, or that it did not come from the Lord, who apparently does not share our insistence on "proper English" (see D&C 1:24). In fact, the occurrence of non-English Hebraisms such as the if-and construction strongly suggests that the text was tightly controlled down to the level of the word at least. This tight control is also supported by the consistent phraseology in the original text. And the spelling of names such as Coriantumr suggests that control could be imposed down to the very letter.

    All of this evidence (from the witnesse's statements, the original manuscript, the printer's manuscript, and from the text itself) is thus consistent with the hypothesis that Joseph Smith could actually see (whether in the interpreters themselves or in his mind's eye) the translated English text—word for word and letter for letter—and that he read off this revealed text to his scribe. Despite Joseph's reading off of the text, one should not assume that this process was automatic or easily done. Joseph had to prepare himself spiritually for this work. Yet the evidence suggests that Joseph was not the author of the Book of Mormon, not even its English language translation, although it was revealed spiritually through him and in his own language.

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä vanhaa on juttu.

    Oletin että jotan uutta olisi ollut tiedossa.

    Esim. se, että jos Joseph Smith muutaman kerran näytösomaisesti näytti miten käännöstyö on mm. sujunut, niin sitten ajatellaan että näin on koko Mormonin Kirjan osalta... Elikkä siis että Joseph Smith vain katsot niihin kiviin hattunsa sisällä ja levyjä ei ollut missään...

    Kuitenkin se versio jota kirkossa opetetaan on kaikkein tarkin ja täsmällisin. Levyltä Joseph Smith käänsi "Uurimin" ja "Tummimin" avulla tekstin englanniksi. Kaikki käännöstyössä olleet ovat tämän vahvistaneet.

    Kannattaisi tutkia tätäkin historiaa paremmin ennenkuin lähtee kirkosta valheellisen tiedon takia pois.

    Mutta kun se on niin mukavaa hyökätä kirkon kimppuun ja antaa vain ja ainoastaan kuva että käännöstyöhön ei tarvittu muka levy ollenkaan, niin mikä ettei.

    Sitten vielä se syytös Joseph Smithin "aarteiden kaivuusta". Syytöshän todettiin perusteettomaksi eikä siis mitään rangaistusta annettu. Sivuilla tosin yritetään lieventään tätäkin faktaa yrittämällä uskotella että tuomari olisi päästänyt Joseph Smithin pälkähästä vain sillä perusteella että kysessä olisi ollut "ensimmäinen kerta" oikeuden edessä.

    Tekstiä:

    Joseph Smith's Translation of the Book of Mormon: Evidence for Tight Control of the Text

    Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1998. P. N/A


    Joseph Smith's Translation of the Book of Mormon: Evidence for Tight Control of the Text
    Royal Skousen

    Introduction
    The Prophet Joseph Smith said very little about the actual process of translating the Book of Mormon. However, a thorough study of the original text of the Book of Mormon (including a detailed examination of both the original and printer's manuscripts) and a careful review of statements made by those who witnessed Joseph Smith translating combine to provide valuable information about the translation process. Even details such as spelling corrections and textual insertions provide definite clues about how Joseph translated.

    This evidence does not support theories that Joseph Smith composed the text himself or that he took the text from some other source. Instead, it indicates that the Lord exercised what I refer to as "tight control" over the word-by-word translation of the Book of Mormon. In particular, the evidence suggests that Joseph Smith saw specific words written out in English and read them off to the scribe, and that the accuracy of the resulting text depended on the carefulness of Joseph and his scribe. Indeed, this evidence is most compatible with the account that Joseph himself gave, that he translated the Book of Mormon "by the gift and power of God."

    Statements from Witnesses of the Translation
    Witnesses of the translation process make two kinds of claims. First of all, the witnesses provide valuable evidence of what they actually saw taking place. Generally speaking, their observations are consistent with the physical evidence in the original manuscript. On the other hand, these witnesses frequently made claims about matters that they themselves could not observe. For instance, some described what they believed Joseph Smith saw in the interpreters; and many claimed that Joseph could not go on until the scribe had written down letter-for-letter what Joseph saw. It turns out that these kinds of claims are not supported by the evidence in the original manuscript. Of course, the witnesses themselves did not see what Joseph saw. For these kinds of claims, the witnesses were either offering their own conjectures or perhaps recalling what Joseph might have told them. Nonetheless, all seemed to believe that Joseph Smith actually saw words in English, and there is evidence in the original manuscript to support this idea.

    During the translation process, the witnesses were able to observe, in an open setting, the following:

    Joseph Smith placing the interpreters (either the Urim and Thummim or the seer stone) in a hat and placing his face into the hat;

    Joseph dictating for long periods of time without reference to any books, papers, manuscripts, or even the plates themselves;

    Joseph spelling out unfamiliar Book of Mormon names;

    after each dictated sequence, the scribe reading back to Joseph what was written so that Joseph could check the correctness of the manuscript;

    Joseph starting a dictation session without prompting from the scribe about where the previous session had ended.

    The translation process that these witnesses observed was an open one—that is, others in the room could observe the dictation from Joseph Smith to the scribe. But early on in the translation, from late 1827 to early 1828, it appears that Joseph used a different process while translating. During this early period, Joseph would first copy some of the characters directly from the plates onto sheets of paper, from which sheets he would then translate his transcribed characters into English by means of the Urim and Thummim. During such a process, the plates were uncovered while Joseph translated (or at least while he copied the characters from the plates to paper); and since no one was permitted to see the plates until later, Joseph took precautions to prevent anyone from seeing him working directly with the plates. Martin Harris, in a couple of early statements, said that a blanket or curtain separated Joseph from him at the time he (Martin) obtained a sample transcript and translation to take to Professor Anthon in New York City.

    In place of this early procedure, Joseph Smith soon turned to a method of translation that depended directly on the interpreters alone, so that the plates did not have to be viewed, and thus the translation could be done openly. All witnesses that refer either to the translation of the lost 116 pages or to our own current Book of Mormon (Emma Smith, Martin Harris, and members of the Whitmer family) openly observed this translation process—one without a curtain or blanket separating Joseph from his scribe. In fact, according to Emma, the plates were wrapped up and not directly used.

    On the basis of the witnesse's statements, we can identify the following stages in the translation process:

    Joseph Smith sees (in some way) the English text;
    Joseph reads off the text to the scribe;
    the scribe hears the text;
    the scribe writes the text.
    Evidence from the original and printer's manuscripts suggests that the only revealed stage in the translation process was what Joseph Smith himself saw by means of the interpreters. Witnesses seemed to have believed that Joseph actually saw an English text in the interpreters, but it is possible that Joseph saw the text, so to speak, in his "mind's eye". In any event, all other stages—from Joseph Smith reading off that text to the scribe writing it down—potentially introduced human error and had to be carefully monitored.

    The idea of a revealed text raises an important question: To what degree did the Lord control the dictation of the Book of Mormon? There appear to be three possible kinds of control over the dictation of the text:

    Loose control: Ideas were revealed to Joseph Smith, and he put those ideas into his own language (a theory advocated by many Book of Mormon scholars over the years);
    Tight control: Joseph saw specific words written out in English and read them off to the scribe—the accuracy of the resulting text depending on the carefulness of Joseph and his scribe;
    Iron-clad control: Joseph (or the interpreters themselves) would not allow any scribal error to remain (including the spelling of common words).
    One can also conceive of mixtures of these different kinds of control. For instance, one might argue for tight control over the spelling of specific names, but loose control over the English phraseology itself.

    A number of statements from the witnesses definitely show that virtually all of them believed in the iron-clad theory:

    Joseph Knight (autograph [between 1833 and 1847]):

    But if it was not Spelt rite it would not go away till it was rite, so we see it was marvelous.

    Emma Smith (Edmund Briggs interview, 1856):

    When my husband was translating the Book of Mormon, I wrote a part of it, as he dictated each sentence, word for word, and when he came to proper names he could not pronounce, or long words, he spelled them out, and while I was writing them, if I made a mistake in spelling, he would stop me and correct my spelling, although it was impossible for him to see how I was writing them down at the time.

    Martin Harris (Edward Stevenson's 1881 account):

    By aid of the seer stone, sentences would appear and were read by the Prophet and written by Martin, and when finished he would say, "Written," and if correctly written, that sentence would disappear and another appear in its place, but if not written correctly it remained until corrected, so that the translation was just as it was engraven on the plates, precisely in the language then used.

    David Whitmer (Eri Mullin interview, 1874):

    . . . the words would appear, and if he failed to spell the word right, it would stay till it was spelled right, then pass away; another come, and so on.

    Evidence in the Manuscripts
    We now turn to the original manuscript and what it can specifically tell us about the translation process. In a number of instances it provides valuable support (or at least consistent evidence) for what the witnesses saw. This manuscript also provides valuable evidence for procedures that none of the witnesses described in any of their statements. The five conclusions that follow are based on evidence in the original manuscript and, to a lesser extent, on corroborating evidence in the printer's manuscript.

    The original manuscript was written from dictation
    All witnesses of the translation stated that Joseph Smith dictated the text of the Book of Mormon. This claim is supported by certain errors in the original manuscript which clearly resulted from the scribe mishearing what Joseph had dictated. These errors were not the result of the scribe misreading while visually copying from some other manuscript or even from a copy of the King James Bible. As an example of this kind of error, consider the difficulty the scribe had in hearing the difference between and and an. In 1 Nephi 13:29 of the original manuscript the scribe (not yet identified, but designated as scribe 2) wrote down the following:

    & because of these things which are taken away out of the gosple of the Lamb & exceeding great many do stumble

    Obviously, scribe 2 misheard "an exceeding great many" as "and exceeding great many". The scribe's use of the ampersand (&) shows that the error was not based on visual similarity. Hearing an, the scribe interpreted it as the casual speech form an' for and.

    In contrast to this error from the original manuscript, the errors that are found in the printer's manuscript show that this second manuscript was visually copied. As Oliver Cowdery was copying from the original manuscript into the printer's manuscript, he sometimes incorrectly read the original manuscript. In many cases, the error leads to a more difficult reading, as in the following example:
    Alma 30:52

    original manuscript:

    yea & I always knew that there was a God

    printer's manuscript:

    yea & I also knew that there was a God

    This error was due to visual similarity between the words always and also. This kind of error does not appear in the original manuscript, because the scribes were not copying from another written source but were hearing the words dictated by Joseph Smith.

    Joseph Smith was working with at least twenty words at a time

    There is some evidence in the original manuscript to suggest the minimal amount of text Joseph Smith viewed as he was dictating. Consider, for instance, the evidence from scribal anticipations. Frequently the scribe, in attempting to keep up with Joseph's dictation, jumped ahead of the actual text. In the following example Oliver Cowdery anticipated the text in Alma 56:41 of the original manuscript:

    & it came to pass that again when the light of the morning came we saw the Lamanites upon us

    (Here and elsewhere in this article, the angled brackets refer to a crossout.) This example suggests that Joseph and Oliver started out together, but by the time Oliver finished writing "& it came to pass that again," Joseph had moved along far enough that he was then dictating "we saw the Lamanites upon us" and Oliver started to write that down when he realized he had skipped the intervening text ("when the light of the morning came"), so he immediately crossed out "we saw the Lamanites" and wrote the correct sequence, possibly with Joseph repeating the correct text for him. If this explanation is correct, then it indicates that Joseph had at least twenty words in view as he was dictating.

    Joseph Smith could see the spelling of names

    Several witnesses to the translation process claimed that Joseph Smith sometimes spelled out names to the scribe. And we find evidence in the original manuscript in support of this process. Frequently the first occurrence of a Book of Mormon name is first spelled phonetically, then that spelling is corrected; in some instances, the incorrect spelling is crossed out and followed on the same line by the correct spelling, thus indicating that the correction was an immediate one. For example, in Alma 33:15 the text of the original manuscript reads as follows:

    for it is not written that Zenos alone spake of these things but Zenoch also spake of these things

    Oliver Cowdery first wrote Zenock using the expected ck English spelling for the k sound when preceded by a short vowel. But then Oliver crossed out the whole word and immediately afterwards, on the same line, wrote Zenoch, thus indicating that the spelling agrees with the biblical name Enoch. This example also suggests that Joseph Smith spelled out the ch sequence for Oliver, although it is possible that Joseph could have repronounced the ch sequence with the incorrect ch sound rather than with the correct k sound in order to help Oliver get it down right.

    But there are also examples for which it is impossible to find a repronunciation that will guarantee the correct spelling. For instance, in Helaman 1:15 Oliver Cowdery first wrote the name Coriantumr phonetically, as Coriantummer, then he crossed it all out and wrote out the correct spelling, Coriantumr:

    & they were lead by a man whose name was Coriantumr

    In this case, no matter how slowly or carefully Joseph Smith might have repronounced Coriantumr, it would have been impossible for him to have indicated that there was no vowel between the m and r at the end of the name except by actually spelling out the separate letters m and r. Nor could Oliver have guessed this spelling since no word (or name) in English ends in mr. In fact, Oliver ends the correct spelling Coriantumr with a large flourish on the final r, which Oliver produces nowhere else in either the original or the printer's manuscript. This addition may reveal Oliver's frustration at having to guess at such a weird spelling.

    The scribe repeated the text to Joseph Smith
    According to David Whitmer, a dictation of words was followed by a checking sequence in which the scribe would read back the text to Joseph Smith. If an error was discovered, Joseph would presumably then read off the correct text once more until he was satisfied that the scribe had written it down correctly.

    The specific evidence from the original manuscript is consistent with the claim that the scribe read back what had been written. In such a process, Joseph Smith would be checking what he was hearing from the scribe against what he was viewing in the interpreters. But such agreement would not guarantee the accuracy of the manuscript. For instance, the name Amalickiah was frequently spelled as Ameleckiah in the original manuscript. This misspelling shows that Joseph placed the stress on the first syllable, not the second. If the stress had been on the second syllable, the scribe would have consistently spelled the second vowel with the letter a. Therefore, given Joseph's pronunciation of Amalickiah with stress on the first syllable, there would be no way for him to detect the incorrect spelling Ameleckiah when the scribe, in reading back the text, pronounced the name as Joseph did (with stress on the first syllable). This same difficulty in hearing word differences applies to phonetically similar words (such as and versus an). Many of the undetected errors that remain in the original manuscript could not have been caught when read back because there was little if any difference in pronunciation.
    Corrections in the original manuscript are also consistent with a repetition sequence. The clear majority of changes in the original manuscript were made immediately; that is, the scribe caught the error during Joseph Smith's initial dictation. Evidence for these immediate corrections include: corrections following on the same line, erasures showing ink smearing (since the ink had not yet dried), or corrections above the line or insertions in the line with no change in the level of ink flow or difference in the quill. These immediate corrections also include numerous cases where the crossed-out word is only part of the intended word or is obviously miswritten.

    On the other hand, there are also numerous changes that are consistent with a process of correcting errors found while reading back the text. In these instances, the original form is complete and the error is usually not obvious (that is, the reading is not a difficult reading); the correction is supralinear or inserted in line, but there is no erasure, only a crossout, and the level of ink flow is usually different.

    In addition, some corrections were made well after the repetition sequence. In fact, a few of the later corrections in the original manuscript were apparently made when the printer's manuscript was being copied from the original manuscript, or even later when sheets of the 1830 edition were being proofed. Sometimes the change was by a different scribe or in a different medium (pencil rather than ink). In virtually every case these few corrections eliminated difficult readings in the original manuscript.

    The word chapter and the corresponding chapter numbers were not part of the revealed text
    Evidence from both the original and printer's manuscripts shows that Joseph Smith apparently saw some visual indication at the end of a section that the section was ending. Although this may have been a symbol of some kind, a more likely possibility is that the last words of the section were followed by blankness. Recognizing that the section was ending, Joseph then told the scribe to write the word chapter, with the understanding that the appropriate number would be added later.

    There is considerable evidence in both manuscripts to support this interpretation. First, the word chapter is never used by any writer in the text itself, unlike the term book, which is used to refer to an individual book in the Book of Mormon (such as the book of Helaman) as well as a whole set of plates (such as the book of Nephi, meaning the large plates of Nephi).

    Second, chapters are assigned before the beginning of a book. For instance, in the original manuscript, we have the following at the beginning of 2 Nephi:



    second Chapter I

    The ^ Book of Nephi ^
    An account of the death of Lehi . . .

    Oliver Cowdery first wrote Chapter at the conclusion of the last section in 1 Nephi—that is, at the conclusion of Chapter VII in the original chapter system; our current chapter system dates from Orson Pratt's 1879 edition of the Book of Mormon (which has 22 chapters in 1 Nephi). At this point, Joseph Smith had no indication that a new book was beginning. All he could see was the end of Chapter VII (namely, the words "and thus it is Amen" followed probably by blankness or maybe a special symbol). Later, when Oliver was adding the chapter numbers, he first assigned the Roman numeral VIII to this first chapter of 2 Nephi. But when he realized that this was actually the beginning of a new book, he crossed out the whole chapter designation and inserted (with slightly weaker ink flow) "Chapter I" after the title of the book, which originally was simply designated as "The Book of Nephi". Later he realized that there was more than one book of Nephi, which led him to also insert the word second (with considerably heavier ink flow).

    This system of assigning chapters also explains why the two manuscripts have chapter numbers assigned to the short books found at the end of the small plates (Enos, Jarom, Omni, and the Words of Mormon) as well as 4 Nephi. These books contain only one section, but at the beginning of each of these short books, Joseph Smith apparently had no knowledge that this was the case. This fact further shows that Joseph himself did not know in advance the contents or structure of the text.

    Probably the strongest evidence that the word chapter is not original to the revealed text is that the chapter numbers are assigned later in both manuscripts. The numbers are almost always written with heavier ink flow and more carefully. In many cases, Oliver Cowdery took turns to add serifs to his Roman numerals. On the other hand, his Chapter is always written rapidly and with the same general ink flow as the surrounding text. In the printer's manuscript, at the beginning of Chapter XVII in Alma (now the beginning of Alma 36), the Roman numeral XVII was written in blue ink, not the normal black ink. This example clearly suggests that this part of the original manuscript itself did not yet have chapter numbers assigned to it when Oliver started to copy it, perhaps six months after it had been dictated.

    Evidence in the Original Text
    The evidence for loose control seems to rely heavily upon the notion that the nonstandard use of English in the original text could not have come from the Lord (since some suppose he only speaks "correct" English). The use of dialectal English, in this view, is said to be Joseph Smith's contribution, thus by inference the Lord only gave Joseph Smith ideas, not specific words. However, Joseph's practice of spelling out names definitely suggests that a theory of loose control must be revised in some way: Joseph had some view of the specific spelling for names, in particular, names with impossible spellings for English literates.

    Non-English Hebraisms in the Original Text
    One of the interesting complexities of the original English-language text of the Book of Mormon is that it contains expressions that appear to be uncharacteristic of English in all of its dialects and historical stages. These structures also support the notion that Joseph Smith's translation is a literal one and not simply a reflection of either his own dialect or the style of early modern English found in the King James Version of the Bible.

    For instance, in the original text of the Book of Mormon we find a number of occurrences of a Hebrew-like conditional clause. In English, we have conditional clauses like "if you come, then I will come", with then being optional. In Hebrew this same clause is expressed as "if you come and I will come". In the original text of the Book of Mormon, there were at least fourteen occurrences of this non-English expression. One occurrence was removed in 1 Nephi 17:50 as Oliver Cowdery was producing the printer's manuscript by copying from the original manuscript:

    1 Nephi 17:50

    original manuscript:

    if he should command me that I should say unto this water be thou earth
    and it shall be earth

    printer's manuscript:

    if he should command me that I should say unto this water be thou earth
    it should be earth

    The remaining thirteen occurrences were all removed by Joseph Smith in his editing for the second edition of the Book of Mormon, published in 1837 in Kirtland, Ohio. One example comes from the famous passage in Moroni 10:4 where Joseph removed the extraneous and in the second edition of the Book of Mormon:

    and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart with real intent having faith in Christ and he will manifest the truth of it unto you by the power of the Holy Ghost

    This original use of and is not due to scribal error, especially since this same if-and expression occurs seven times in one brief passage:

    Helaman 12:13–21

    yea and if he sayeth unto the earth move and it is moved
    yea if he say unto the earth thou shalt go back that it lengthen out the day for many hours and it is done . . .
    and behold also if he sayeth unto the waters of the great deep be thou dried up and it is done
    behold if he sayeth unto this mountain be thou raised up and come over and fall upon that city that it be buried up and behold it is done . . .
    and if the Lord shall say be thou accursed that no man shall find thee from this time henceforth and forever and behold no man getteth it henceforth and forever
    and behold if the Lord shall say unto a man because of thine iniquities thou shalt be accursed forever and it shall be done
    and if the Lord shall say because of thine iniquities thou shalt be cut off from my presence and he will cause that it shall be so
    These examples of the if-and construction in the original text suggest that Joseph Smith did not simply get the idea of a conditional construction in his mind and then put it into his own words. If that had been the case, he should have translated that idea using the English if-then construction, possibly without the then, but certainly without the connective and. The multiple occurrence of the non-English if-and construction suggests that even the word and was controlled for.

    Consistency of Phraseology in the Original Text
    There is substantial evidence within the text itself for tight control over specific words, phrases, and sentences of English. For instance, John Welch and Tim Rathbone have pointed out an interesting case where the Book of Mormon makes the same identical (nonbiblical) quote in widely separated parts of the text. The example they give is based on Lehi's vision of the kingdom of God as found in 1 Nephi 1:8 and Alma 36:22:

    1 Nephi 1:8

    and he thought he saw
    God sitting upon his throne
    surrounded with numberless concourses of angels
    in the attitude of singing and praising their God

    Alma 36:22

    and methought I saw
    even as our father Lehi saw
    God sitting upon his throne
    surrounded with numberless concourses of angels
    in the attitude of singing and praising their God

    This identity of quotation provides striking support for a theory of tight control over the translation.

    In numerous cases we find that the original Book of Mormon text is consistent in its phraseology, but subsequent copying errors or changes due to editing have created exceptional phrases uncharacteristic of the text. For example, the Book of Mormon originally referred to people pressing their way forward, but never feeling their way, as in Lehi's dream of the tree of life:

    1 Nephi 8:21

    and I saw numberless concourses of people many of whom were pressing forward that they might obtain the path

    1 Nephi 8:24 (2 times)

    and it came to pass that I beheld others pressing forward . . . and they did press forward through the mists of darkness

    1 Nephi 8:30 (2 times)

    behold he saw other multitudes pressing forward . . . and they did press their way forward

    Yet in one case Oliver Cowdery accidentally miscopied the correct pressing as feeling:

    1 Nephi 8:31

    original manuscript:

    and he also saw other multitudes pressing their way towards that great and spacious building

    printer's manuscript:

    and he also saw other multitudes feeling their way towards that great and spacious building

    Other examples of "pressing forward" are found in 2 Nephi 31:20 (2 times) and Ether 14:12. But there are no scriptural uses of the modern expression "feeling one's way", in either the Book of Mormon or anywhere else (including the King James Bible)—except by accident here in 1 Nephi 8:31.

    A second example is in 1 Nephi 12:18, where the current text refers to "the word of the justice of the eternal God". Yet in the original manuscript, this passage refers to "the sword of the justice of the eternal God":

    1 Nephi 12:18

    original manuscript:

    and a great and a terrible gulf divideth them
    yea even the sword of the justice of the eternal God

    printer's manuscript:

    and a great and a terrible gulf divideth them
    yea even the word of the justice of the eternal God

    Oliver Cowdery misread sword as word when he was copying the original manuscript into the printer's manuscript, yet neither he nor subsequent editors noticed that the Book of Mormon nowhere else refers to the word of the justice of God, only to the sword of the justice of God:

    "the sword of his justice" (Alma 26:19)
    "the sword of justice" (Alma 60:29)
    "the sword of justice" (Helaman 13:5, 2 times)
    "the sword of my justice" (3 Nephi 20:20)
    "the sword of his justice" (3 Nephi 29:4)
    "the sword of the justice of the eternal God" (Ether 8:23)

    In fact, the phraseology in the last example is precisely the same as the original reading in 1 Nephi 12:18.

    Conscious editing has also created exceptional readings in the text. For instance, in his editing for the second (1837, Kirtland) edition of the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith changed one case of had hope to had hoped:

    Jacob 5:46

    printer's manuscript and 1830 edition:

    and these I had hope to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

    1837 edition:

    and these I had hoped to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

    By adding the d to hope, Joseph reinterpreted the original main verb had and the direct object noun hope as a past perfect verb phrase (had hoped). Nonetheless, this change created an exception to the rest of the Book of Mormon text. Elsewhere, there are 17 examples of the main verb have taking the noun hope as a direct object, including two examples of had hope, one of which is close by:

    Jacob 7:5

    and he had hope to shake me from the faith

    Mormon 6:4

    and here we had hope to gain advantage over the Lamanites

    Except for the change in Jacob 5:46, there are no other examples of the verb hope occurring with the perfect auxiliary have—that is, there are no other examples of have hoped, has hoped, hath hoped, or had hoped in the entire Book of Mormon.

    Conclusion
    Evidence from the original manuscript supports the traditional belief that Joseph Smith received a revealed text by means of the interpreters. This idea of a controlled text originates with statements made by witnesses of the translation. The evidence from the original manuscript, when joined with internal evidence from the text itself, suggests that this control was tight, but not iron-clad. The text could be "ungrammatical" from a prescriptive point of view, but the use of nonstandard English is not evidence that the text was not being tightly controlled, or that it did not come from the Lord, who apparently does not share our insistence on "proper English" (see D&C 1:24). In fact, the occurrence of non-English Hebraisms such as the if-and construction strongly suggests that the text was tightly controlled down to the level of the word at least. This tight control is also supported by the consistent phraseology in the original text. And the spelling of names such as Coriantumr suggests that control could be imposed down to the very letter.

    All of this evidence (from the witnesse's statements, the original manuscript, the printer's manuscript, and from the text itself) is thus consistent with the hypothesis that Joseph Smith could actually see (whether in the interpreters themselves or in his mind's eye) the translated English text—word for word and letter for letter—and that he read off this revealed text to his scribe. Despite Joseph's reading off of the text, one should not assume that this process was automatic or easily done. Joseph had to prepare himself spiritually for this work. Yet the evidence suggests that Joseph was not the author of the Book of Mormon, not even its English language translation, although it was revealed spiritually through him and in his own language.

    Pitkässä vastauksessasi oli keskitytty lähinnä vain "käännöstyöhön". Tuttuja nuokin lähteet olivat, joten ei mitään uutta...

    Okkultismin osuudesta Smithin ajatuksiin ja mormonismiin ei ole pienintäkään epäselvyyttä.

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  • täällä kirjoitti:

    Pitkässä vastauksessasi oli keskitytty lähinnä vain "käännöstyöhön". Tuttuja nuokin lähteet olivat, joten ei mitään uutta...

    Okkultismin osuudesta Smithin ajatuksiin ja mormonismiin ei ole pienintäkään epäselvyyttä.

    Okkultismin osuudesta uskonnossa ei yleensäkkään ole pienintäkään epäselvyyttä...

    Mitä on se "okkultismi" jota Joseph Smith toi mormonismiin?

    Äänestä

  • täällä kirjoitti:

    Pitkässä vastauksessasi oli keskitytty lähinnä vain "käännöstyöhön". Tuttuja nuokin lähteet olivat, joten ei mitään uutta...

    Okkultismin osuudesta Smithin ajatuksiin ja mormonismiin ei ole pienintäkään epäselvyyttä.

    Eli siis loppujen lopuksi ei nuo Smithin "okkultiset" jutut niin ihmeellisiä olleet... Joten turha on niistä uskoaan menettää...

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Eli siis loppujen lopuksi ei nuo Smithin "okkultiset" jutut niin ihmeellisiä olleet... Joten turha on niistä uskoaan menettää...

    Vähätteletkö okkultismin,spiritismin tai taikauskon vaarallisuutta?

    Raamattu ilmoittaa okkultismin olevan hengellistä uskottomuutta ja huoruutta. Se on henkilmaailmassa toimivien riivaajahenkien palvomista ja rukoilemista, eli Jeesuksen uskon irvokas vastakohta. Okkultismista on lyhyt askel saatanapalvontaan.
    Onko se mielestäsi vaaratonta?

    Kristinuskolla ei tulisi olla minkäänlaisia yhteyksiä okkultismiin, okkultismia ja noituutta tulisi välttää kuin saastaa ja ruttoa.
    Kuitenkin, kuten MAP-kirkon historia todistaa, ja kuten olet itsekin myöntänyt, MAP-kirkon juuret ovat syvällä okkultismissa.
    Eiko se yhtään huolestuta?

    Kysy vaikka huviksesi Riku Rinteeltä, tai Päivi Niemeltä, onko okkultismi niin vaaratonta lastenleikkiä kuin naiviudessasi luulet. Tai kysy vaikka entisiltä saatanapalvojilta. Ehkä silmäsi saattavat jopa avautua.

    Äänestä

  • 111 kirjoitti:

    Vähätteletkö okkultismin,spiritismin tai taikauskon vaarallisuutta?

    Raamattu ilmoittaa okkultismin olevan hengellistä uskottomuutta ja huoruutta. Se on henkilmaailmassa toimivien riivaajahenkien palvomista ja rukoilemista, eli Jeesuksen uskon irvokas vastakohta. Okkultismista on lyhyt askel saatanapalvontaan.
    Onko se mielestäsi vaaratonta?

    Kristinuskolla ei tulisi olla minkäänlaisia yhteyksiä okkultismiin, okkultismia ja noituutta tulisi välttää kuin saastaa ja ruttoa.
    Kuitenkin, kuten MAP-kirkon historia todistaa, ja kuten olet itsekin myöntänyt, MAP-kirkon juuret ovat syvällä okkultismissa.
    Eiko se yhtään huolestuta?

    Kysy vaikka huviksesi Riku Rinteeltä, tai Päivi Niemeltä, onko okkultismi niin vaaratonta lastenleikkiä kuin naiviudessasi luulet. Tai kysy vaikka entisiltä saatanapalvojilta. Ehkä silmäsi saattavat jopa avautua.

    Mormonit eivät mainitsemiasi asioita harrasta. Siis sitä miten määrittelet okkultismin. Otat myös esiin spiritismin ja taikauskon joista tässä ei nyt ole kysymys ollenkaan.

    En ole myöntänyt että "mormonismin juuret ovat syvällä okkultismissa". Täällä kun ei kukaan ole vielä sanonut että mitä okkultismia Joseph Smith harrasti ja miten se liityy MAP-Kirkkoon...

    Elikkä anna nyt sitten ensin jonkinlainen lista niistä asioista jotka liittyvät okkultismiin ja MAP-Kirkkoon...

    Äänestä

  • 111 kirjoitti:

    Vähätteletkö okkultismin,spiritismin tai taikauskon vaarallisuutta?

    Raamattu ilmoittaa okkultismin olevan hengellistä uskottomuutta ja huoruutta. Se on henkilmaailmassa toimivien riivaajahenkien palvomista ja rukoilemista, eli Jeesuksen uskon irvokas vastakohta. Okkultismista on lyhyt askel saatanapalvontaan.
    Onko se mielestäsi vaaratonta?

    Kristinuskolla ei tulisi olla minkäänlaisia yhteyksiä okkultismiin, okkultismia ja noituutta tulisi välttää kuin saastaa ja ruttoa.
    Kuitenkin, kuten MAP-kirkon historia todistaa, ja kuten olet itsekin myöntänyt, MAP-kirkon juuret ovat syvällä okkultismissa.
    Eiko se yhtään huolestuta?

    Kysy vaikka huviksesi Riku Rinteeltä, tai Päivi Niemeltä, onko okkultismi niin vaaratonta lastenleikkiä kuin naiviudessasi luulet. Tai kysy vaikka entisiltä saatanapalvojilta. Ehkä silmäsi saattavat jopa avautua.

    111 taas maalaa piruja seinälle... kyllä jokainen okkultismi-saatananpalvoja-mikälie kävisi pokkaamassa Randilta 1000000$ jos johonkin yliluonnolliseen kykenisivät (sama pätee hihhuleihin). Ainoa mitä saavat taikamenoillaan aikaiseksi on oman pään sekoittaminen. Kuka sekoittaa päänsä huumeilla, kuka naisilla, kuka okkultismilla. Naurettavaa pelleilyä koko okkultismi. Lapset sellaisista ovat kiinnostuneet tai muuten sellaiset jotka etsivät sisältöä tyhjään elämäänsä.

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Mormonit eivät mainitsemiasi asioita harrasta. Siis sitä miten määrittelet okkultismin. Otat myös esiin spiritismin ja taikauskon joista tässä ei nyt ole kysymys ollenkaan.

    En ole myöntänyt että "mormonismin juuret ovat syvällä okkultismissa". Täällä kun ei kukaan ole vielä sanonut että mitä okkultismia Joseph Smith harrasti ja miten se liityy MAP-Kirkkoon...

    Elikkä anna nyt sitten ensin jonkinlainen lista niistä asioista jotka liittyvät okkultismiin ja MAP-Kirkkoon...

    Okkultismia ei voi määritellä kuin yhdellä tavalla=vaarallista syntiä. Ei ole olemassa Jumalan tahdon mukaista okkultismia. Spiritimi, taikausko, noituus, saatananpalvonta jne. ovat kaikki okkultismin eri ilmenemismuotoja.

    Eikö J.Smithin harjoittama okkultismi ollutkaan okkultismia? Mitä se sitten oli? Onko mielestäsi olemassa ns "hyvää okkultismia"? Kauhistus, mikä kauhistus, olkoonkin vaikka miten lievää tahansa.

    Tuossa edellä "Ei tulla sitten mitään ihmeellistä", itse "myönsit" J. Smithin harjoittaneen okkultismia,vaikkakin tosin vähättelit sen vaarallisuutta.

    En tarkoittanutkaan että MAP-kirkossa harrastettaisiin okkultismia, vaan että sen juuret ovat J. Smithin harjoittamassa okkultismissa.

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    111 taas maalaa piruja seinälle... kyllä jokainen okkultismi-saatananpalvoja-mikälie kävisi pokkaamassa Randilta 1000000$ jos johonkin yliluonnolliseen kykenisivät (sama pätee hihhuleihin). Ainoa mitä saavat taikamenoillaan aikaiseksi on oman pään sekoittaminen. Kuka sekoittaa päänsä huumeilla, kuka naisilla, kuka okkultismilla. Naurettavaa pelleilyä koko okkultismi. Lapset sellaisista ovat kiinnostuneet tai muuten sellaiset jotka etsivät sisältöä tyhjään elämäänsä.

    Jos okkultimi on "naurettavaa pelleilyä", silloin mormonismin juuret ovat naurettavassa pelleilyssä????

    Äänestä

  • pelleilyä kirjoitti:

    Jos okkultimi on "naurettavaa pelleilyä", silloin mormonismin juuret ovat naurettavassa pelleilyssä????

    Niin, minä itse asiassa sanoin vaan oman mielipiteeni tästä okkultismiasiasta - minä en voi sitä pitää muuna kuin naurettavana touhuna. Lasten juttuja, Harrypotter-sukupolven pitäisi ymmärtää, että joku aarteen etsintä on lähinnä leikkiä.

    Mormonismin juuriin en ota kantaa - en ole ollut näkemässä sitä. En voi nykyään uskoa enää juuri mihinkään mitä en ole itse nähnyt tai kokenut - skeptisyyden kiroja....

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  • 111 kirjoitti:

    Okkultismia ei voi määritellä kuin yhdellä tavalla=vaarallista syntiä. Ei ole olemassa Jumalan tahdon mukaista okkultismia. Spiritimi, taikausko, noituus, saatananpalvonta jne. ovat kaikki okkultismin eri ilmenemismuotoja.

    Eikö J.Smithin harjoittama okkultismi ollutkaan okkultismia? Mitä se sitten oli? Onko mielestäsi olemassa ns "hyvää okkultismia"? Kauhistus, mikä kauhistus, olkoonkin vaikka miten lievää tahansa.

    Tuossa edellä "Ei tulla sitten mitään ihmeellistä", itse "myönsit" J. Smithin harjoittaneen okkultismia,vaikkakin tosin vähättelit sen vaarallisuutta.

    En tarkoittanutkaan että MAP-kirkossa harrastettaisiin okkultismia, vaan että sen juuret ovat J. Smithin harjoittamassa okkultismissa.

    Ensinnäkin rauhoitu vähäsen. Koko keskustelu lähti rajusti sivuraiteille.

    Ensinnäkin sanaa okkultismi ei määritellä Raamatussa missään.

    Määritelmä:
    okkultismi salaoppi, "salatiede", oppi asioiden selittämisestä ja hallinnasta henkimaailmasta saatavan "korkeamman tiedon" kautta

    Elikkä olet itse määritellyt okkultismin mitä sen haluat/kuvittelet olevan ja keskustelu näistä asioista on mahdotonta kunnes me käytämme samaa terminologiaa ja määrityksiä noille sanoille.

    Nyt voidaan sitten kysyä mitä okkultistisiä asioita Smith harjoitti?

    Kirjotit:
    Okkultismia ei voi määritellä kuin yhdellä tavalla=vaarallista syntiä. Ei ole olemassa Jumalan tahdon mukaista okkultismia. Spiritimi, taikausko, noituus, saatananpalvonta jne. ovat kaikki okkultismin eri ilmenemismuotoja.

    Samoin rukoilu oikean määritelmän (ei siis sinun määritelmän) mukaan on okkultismia - siis kristinuskossakin on okkultismia.

    Äänestä

  • 111 kirjoitti:

    Okkultismia ei voi määritellä kuin yhdellä tavalla=vaarallista syntiä. Ei ole olemassa Jumalan tahdon mukaista okkultismia. Spiritimi, taikausko, noituus, saatananpalvonta jne. ovat kaikki okkultismin eri ilmenemismuotoja.

    Eikö J.Smithin harjoittama okkultismi ollutkaan okkultismia? Mitä se sitten oli? Onko mielestäsi olemassa ns "hyvää okkultismia"? Kauhistus, mikä kauhistus, olkoonkin vaikka miten lievää tahansa.

    Tuossa edellä "Ei tulla sitten mitään ihmeellistä", itse "myönsit" J. Smithin harjoittaneen okkultismia,vaikkakin tosin vähättelit sen vaarallisuutta.

    En tarkoittanutkaan että MAP-kirkossa harrastettaisiin okkultismia, vaan että sen juuret ovat J. Smithin harjoittamassa okkultismissa.

    Sinä 111 taidat olla sellainen ihminen, joka ei pelaa edes pelikorteilla, koska se on syntiä.

    Seksikin on varmaan sinusta niin kamala synti, että olet pahassa puutteessa ollut jo vuosikausia.

    Äänestä

  • Minä kirjoitti:

    No, mitäpä tähän sanoisi.... jos olisin samanlainen ääshole kuin sinä ja hyökkäisin jotain muuta uskontoa vastaan, niin suhtautuisin ehkä samalla tavalla kuin sinä ;)

    Vastaappa viisaana miehenä seuraaviin:

    1) Sanoppa minulle yksikin uskonto, jonka historiassa ei ole mitään "kummallista"!

    2) Kerro minulle mistä lähteestä olet saanut päähäsi, että JS on touhunnut okkultismin kanssa?

    3) Jos osaat sanoa lähteen, niin anna se minulle tutkittavaksi!

    Että sillä tavalla.....

    Aletaan A:sta.

    >1) Sanoppa minulle yksikin uskonto, jonka
    >historiassa ei ole mitään "kummallista"!

    Mormonismin pitäisi ainoana tosi uskontona olla täysin puhdas, 100 %. Turha vetää tähän muita uskontoja. Yrität vain vekslata pois itse aiheesta. Aiheena on mormonismi, ei mikään muu uskonto.

    >2) Kerro minulle mistä lähteestä olet saanut
    >päähäsi, että JS on touhunnut okkultismin kanssa?
    >3) Jos osaat sanoa lähteen, niin anna se minulle tutkittavaksi!

    Joseph Smith - Historia
    Joseph Smithin päiväkirjat
    Mormonin kirja
    Käskyjen kirja+Luentoja uskosta
    Liittojen kirja
    Abrahamin kirja
    Mooseksen kirjoituksia
    History of the Church
    Journal of Discourses

    Siinä aluksi. Eiköhän sinulla nuo jo ole valmiiksi käytettävissäsi.


    * * *

    Äänestä

  • magus kirjoitti:

    Aletaan A:sta.

    >1) Sanoppa minulle yksikin uskonto, jonka
    >historiassa ei ole mitään "kummallista"!

    Mormonismin pitäisi ainoana tosi uskontona olla täysin puhdas, 100 %. Turha vetää tähän muita uskontoja. Yrität vain vekslata pois itse aiheesta. Aiheena on mormonismi, ei mikään muu uskonto.

    >2) Kerro minulle mistä lähteestä olet saanut
    >päähäsi, että JS on touhunnut okkultismin kanssa?
    >3) Jos osaat sanoa lähteen, niin anna se minulle tutkittavaksi!

    Joseph Smith - Historia
    Joseph Smithin päiväkirjat
    Mormonin kirja
    Käskyjen kirja+Luentoja uskosta
    Liittojen kirja
    Abrahamin kirja
    Mooseksen kirjoituksia
    History of the Church
    Journal of Discourses

    Siinä aluksi. Eiköhän sinulla nuo jo ole valmiiksi käytettävissäsi.


    * * *

    ...että et ole näistä lukenut varmaan kuin murto-osan. Minä olen lukenut MK:n ja siinä ei ainakaan ole mitään okkultismibullshittiä. Liittojen kirjassakaan ei ole... Abrahamin kirjassakaan ei ole.... Muihin mainitsemiisi lähteisiin en ole tutustunut, mutta aloitappa sinä vaikka kirjoittamalla missä kohtaa mainitsemissani kirjoissa (MK, LK, AK) viitataan okkultismin suuntaan!

    Siinä aluksi. Eiköhän sinulla luulisi ainakin nuo olevan käytettävissä ;)

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Ensinnäkin rauhoitu vähäsen. Koko keskustelu lähti rajusti sivuraiteille.

    Ensinnäkin sanaa okkultismi ei määritellä Raamatussa missään.

    Määritelmä:
    okkultismi salaoppi, "salatiede", oppi asioiden selittämisestä ja hallinnasta henkimaailmasta saatavan "korkeamman tiedon" kautta

    Elikkä olet itse määritellyt okkultismin mitä sen haluat/kuvittelet olevan ja keskustelu näistä asioista on mahdotonta kunnes me käytämme samaa terminologiaa ja määrityksiä noille sanoille.

    Nyt voidaan sitten kysyä mitä okkultistisiä asioita Smith harjoitti?

    Kirjotit:
    Okkultismia ei voi määritellä kuin yhdellä tavalla=vaarallista syntiä. Ei ole olemassa Jumalan tahdon mukaista okkultismia. Spiritimi, taikausko, noituus, saatananpalvonta jne. ovat kaikki okkultismin eri ilmenemismuotoja.

    Samoin rukoilu oikean määritelmän (ei siis sinun määritelmän) mukaan on okkultismia - siis kristinuskossakin on okkultismia.

    Miten niin? Ei rukouksella ole mitään tekemistä okkultismin kanssa.

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Sinä 111 taidat olla sellainen ihminen, joka ei pelaa edes pelikorteilla, koska se on syntiä.

    Seksikin on varmaan sinusta niin kamala synti, että olet pahassa puutteessa ollut jo vuosikausia.

    Ja liityvätkö nuo mitenkään kyseessä olevaan aiheeseen?

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Niin, minä itse asiassa sanoin vaan oman mielipiteeni tästä okkultismiasiasta - minä en voi sitä pitää muuna kuin naurettavana touhuna. Lasten juttuja, Harrypotter-sukupolven pitäisi ymmärtää, että joku aarteen etsintä on lähinnä leikkiä.

    Mormonismin juuriin en ota kantaa - en ole ollut näkemässä sitä. En voi nykyään uskoa enää juuri mihinkään mitä en ole itse nähnyt tai kokenut - skeptisyyden kiroja....

    Voisitko ehkä tutkia mormonismin juuria ja historiaa? Tietämättömyys ei ole välttämättä hyve, varsinkaan jos siitä huolimatta luulee tietävänsä..

    Okkultismin vaarallisuudesta, tai vaarattomuudesta voisit myös tiedustella esim Riku Rinteeltä. Todellisuudessa, okkultismista on leikki kaukana.

    Enpä nyt tiedä skeptisyydestäsikään, ainakin hyvin tunnut myötäilevän mormonismin oppeja, ja samalla kritisoivan "111":n kritiikkiä. Aika outoa ja puolueellista "skeptisyyttä". Käsittääkseni skeptisyys ei ole puolueellista kritiikittömyyttä, vaan puolueetonta ja objektiivista kriittisyyttä. Jos todella olisit skeptikko, juuri sinun voisi olettaa esittävän kaikkein voimakkainta kritiikkiä mormonismia kohtaan.

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  • Minä kirjoitti:

    ...että et ole näistä lukenut varmaan kuin murto-osan. Minä olen lukenut MK:n ja siinä ei ainakaan ole mitään okkultismibullshittiä. Liittojen kirjassakaan ei ole... Abrahamin kirjassakaan ei ole.... Muihin mainitsemiisi lähteisiin en ole tutustunut, mutta aloitappa sinä vaikka kirjoittamalla missä kohtaa mainitsemissani kirjoissa (MK, LK, AK) viitataan okkultismin suuntaan!

    Siinä aluksi. Eiköhän sinulla luulisi ainakin nuo olevan käytettävissä ;)

    Epäilyksesi on ihan turha, olen lukenut jo kauan sitten ja luen sattuneista syistä yhä jatkuvasti näitä listaamiani kirjoituksia. Muun muassa.

    Itsekin olet siis lukenut, etkä kuitenkaan huomaa ja tajua? Tuskinpa se lukujen ja jakeiden listaamisestakaan paranisi tuo heikko näkökykysi. Olet ja pysyt naiivina.

    Jos kuitenkin olet mormonina onnellinen, niin eihän se minun napaani kaiva.

    Sanotaanhan, että hengellisesti köyhät ovat autuaita. Lieneekö sanoja tarkoittanut myös henkisesti köyhiä.

    Äänestä

  • magus kirjoitti:

    Epäilyksesi on ihan turha, olen lukenut jo kauan sitten ja luen sattuneista syistä yhä jatkuvasti näitä listaamiani kirjoituksia. Muun muassa.

    Itsekin olet siis lukenut, etkä kuitenkaan huomaa ja tajua? Tuskinpa se lukujen ja jakeiden listaamisestakaan paranisi tuo heikko näkökykysi. Olet ja pysyt naiivina.

    Jos kuitenkin olet mormonina onnellinen, niin eihän se minun napaani kaiva.

    Sanotaanhan, että hengellisesti köyhät ovat autuaita. Lieneekö sanoja tarkoittanut myös henkisesti köyhiä.

    Minä haluaisin nyt kuule saada listan niistä luvuista ja jakeista, joista kerroit. Ole hyvä ja todista väitteesi!

    Jos et niitä jakeita pysty esittämään, niin se osoittaa että puhut sillä varmuudella jonka täydellinen tietämättömyys antaa.

    Häpeä.

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Sinä 111 taidat olla sellainen ihminen, joka ei pelaa edes pelikorteilla, koska se on syntiä.

    Seksikin on varmaan sinusta niin kamala synti, että olet pahassa puutteessa ollut jo vuosikausia.

    taas loppui viestien hieararkia.... pakko vastata tälle tasolle.

    Olen vissiin taas anteeksipyynnön velkaa 111:lle. MUTTA kun minun mielestäni sinä olet aivan hanurista, niin on pakko kommentoida viestejäsi - miten sattuu.

    Oletko muuten vielä Jeesuksessa? Millainen nettiyhteys siellä on?

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Niin, minä itse asiassa sanoin vaan oman mielipiteeni tästä okkultismiasiasta - minä en voi sitä pitää muuna kuin naurettavana touhuna. Lasten juttuja, Harrypotter-sukupolven pitäisi ymmärtää, että joku aarteen etsintä on lähinnä leikkiä.

    Mormonismin juuriin en ota kantaa - en ole ollut näkemässä sitä. En voi nykyään uskoa enää juuri mihinkään mitä en ole itse nähnyt tai kokenut - skeptisyyden kiroja....

    > Tietämättömyys ei ole välttämättä hyve,
    > varsinkaan jos siitä huolimatta luulee
    > tietävänsä..

    Siis enhän minä mitään tiedä - olen tyhmä, jo ÄO:kin sen todistaa. Siinä mielessä en pidä itseäni tyhmänä, että kuvittelisin tietäväni onko jokin kirkko totta ja onko Jumala olemassa. Mihinkään hokkuspokkukseen en usko, enkä ole mitään yliluonnollista elämässäni kokenut (jos ensimmäinen seksikokemus unohdetaan).


    > Okkultismin vaarallisuudesta, tai
    > vaarattomuudesta voisit myös tiedustella
    > esim Riku Rinteeltä. Todellisuudessa,
    > okkultismista on leikki kaukana.

    Kyllä okkultismilla varmaan pään saa sekaisin, aivan yhtä hyvin kuin uskonnollakin. Eipä niillä periaatteessa ole suurta eroa. Riku Rinteestä en tiedä, mutta joskus tuli seurattua Keijo Ahorinnan viisauksia. Ahorinnan jutut olivat ihan huuhaata. Elätti varmaan itsensi sillä skeidalla jonkin aikaa.

    > Enpä nyt tiedä skeptisyydestäsikään, ainakin
    > hyvin tunnut myötäilevän mormonismin oppeja,
    > ja samalla kritisoivan "111":n kritiikkiä. Aika
    > outoa ja puolueellista "skeptisyyttä".

    Minä EN TIEDÄ onko mormonismi totta ja Jumalan aikaansaannosta, mutta mielestäni se voi teoriassa olla mahdollista. Sen sijaan esim 111 TIETÄÄ subjektiivisen uskonsa oikeaksi ja hyökkää muita uskontoja vastaan. Se tekee 111:n idiootiksi. Hänen päähänsä ei uppoa mikään. Lisäksi ne hänen hallelujaa-aamen-kliseet ovat mun mielestäni ällöttäviä. Vaikka mormoni-opit ovat monin osin mielestäni oikeita, on joukossa asioita, joita en oikein voi hyväksyä - ja siksi nimimerkkinikin on se mikä on.

    > Käsittääkseni skeptisyys ei ole puolueellista
    > kritiikittömyyttä, vaan puolueetonta ja
    > objektiivista kriittisyyttä. Jos todella olisit
    > skeptikko, juuri sinun voisi olettaa esittävän
    > kaikkein voimakkainta kritiikkiä mormonismia
    > kohtaan.

    Miksi minun pitäisi esittää kritiikkiä mormonismia kohtaan? Enhän minä esitä juurikaan kritiikkiä esim jehovan todistajia tai lestadiolaisia kohtaan. Jos nyt oikein yritän ravistaa selkäytimestäni se, mitä haluan sanoa, niin tässä tulee:

    Uskonnossa uskotaan johonkin, josta ei ole oikeasti mitään todistetta. Uskominen on henkilökohtainen asia. Vieraan uskonnon kimppuun ei pidä hyökätä, koska omankaan uskonnon todistaminen oikeaksi ei ole mahdollista.

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Sinä 111 taidat olla sellainen ihminen, joka ei pelaa edes pelikorteilla, koska se on syntiä.

    Seksikin on varmaan sinusta niin kamala synti, että olet pahassa puutteessa ollut jo vuosikausia.

    Anteeksipyyntö vastaanotettu ja hyväksytty ;)
    Eiköhän meistä jokainen taida olla hanurista..jonkun mielestä.
    Kuitenkin, olemme arvokkaita.

    Minusta se on kuitenkin positiivista että olemme kaikki erilaisia. Kenenkään ajatukset ei taida yksin muodostaa Täydellistä kuvaa, vaan vasta yhdessä niistä muodostuu kokonaisuus, kuin palapelin osista. Kun opimme sietämään, hyväksymään, tai jopa arvostamaan erilaisuutta, muutumme suvaitsevaisemmiksi, ja kasvamme ihmisinä.

    Elämä Jeesukseesa, on parasta mitä tiedän ja ymmärrän. Jeesus on uskon päämäärä. Kun Hän on sydämessä, siellä on taivas.

    Sanoit toisalla että uskoa ei voi todistaa eikä perustella. No, mitä virkaa sellaisella uskolla sitten on joka ei perustu mihinkään muuhun kuin subjektiivisiin käsityksiin ja tuntemuksiin?

    Toisaalta, ei "vaadi" ollenkaan uskoa sellainen tilanne jossa on niin paljon todisteita, että on helppo uskoa. Oikeastaan, todisteiden perusteella "uskominen" ei ole uskoa, vaan tietämistä. Toisaalta, silloin vasta uskoa tarvitaankin, kun mikään ei anna aihetta uskoa mihinkään.

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Niin, minä itse asiassa sanoin vaan oman mielipiteeni tästä okkultismiasiasta - minä en voi sitä pitää muuna kuin naurettavana touhuna. Lasten juttuja, Harrypotter-sukupolven pitäisi ymmärtää, että joku aarteen etsintä on lähinnä leikkiä.

    Mormonismin juuriin en ota kantaa - en ole ollut näkemässä sitä. En voi nykyään uskoa enää juuri mihinkään mitä en ole itse nähnyt tai kokenut - skeptisyyden kiroja....

    Riku Rinne ja Päivi Niemi tekevät evankelioimistyötä nuorten (myös okkultismia harjoittavien) parissa. He eivät itse ole okkultismin harjoittajia, vaan todella oikeasti uskovia, (Päivi Niemi tosin on entinen saatananpalvoja) He siis tietävät, (varsinkin P. Niemi omakohtaisesti) okkultismin vaarallisuuden. Googlella voit varmasti löytää enemmän tietoa heistä.

    Jos et tiedä mitään mormonismin juurista, etkö haluaisi tietää? Vai haluatko aina pysyäkin tietämättömänä?

    Äänestä

  • magus kirjoitti:

    Epäilyksesi on ihan turha, olen lukenut jo kauan sitten ja luen sattuneista syistä yhä jatkuvasti näitä listaamiani kirjoituksia. Muun muassa.

    Itsekin olet siis lukenut, etkä kuitenkaan huomaa ja tajua? Tuskinpa se lukujen ja jakeiden listaamisestakaan paranisi tuo heikko näkökykysi. Olet ja pysyt naiivina.

    Jos kuitenkin olet mormonina onnellinen, niin eihän se minun napaani kaiva.

    Sanotaanhan, että hengellisesti köyhät ovat autuaita. Lieneekö sanoja tarkoittanut myös henkisesti köyhiä.

    Sivusta sanon sen verran, että oikea käännös olisi: Autuaita ovat hengen kerjäläiset. Siihen on vain pantu kerjäläisen synonyymiksi köyhä, vaikka se muuttaa asian täysin päinvastaiseksi...

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  • 111 kirjoitti:

    Vähätteletkö okkultismin,spiritismin tai taikauskon vaarallisuutta?

    Raamattu ilmoittaa okkultismin olevan hengellistä uskottomuutta ja huoruutta. Se on henkilmaailmassa toimivien riivaajahenkien palvomista ja rukoilemista, eli Jeesuksen uskon irvokas vastakohta. Okkultismista on lyhyt askel saatanapalvontaan.
    Onko se mielestäsi vaaratonta?

    Kristinuskolla ei tulisi olla minkäänlaisia yhteyksiä okkultismiin, okkultismia ja noituutta tulisi välttää kuin saastaa ja ruttoa.
    Kuitenkin, kuten MAP-kirkon historia todistaa, ja kuten olet itsekin myöntänyt, MAP-kirkon juuret ovat syvällä okkultismissa.
    Eiko se yhtään huolestuta?

    Kysy vaikka huviksesi Riku Rinteeltä, tai Päivi Niemeltä, onko okkultismi niin vaaratonta lastenleikkiä kuin naiviudessasi luulet. Tai kysy vaikka entisiltä saatanapalvojilta. Ehkä silmäsi saattavat jopa avautua.

    Annetaan Rikun tehdä sitä hyvää työtä mitä hän on tehnyt nuorten parissa.

    Se että hän on kosketuksissa nuoriin, jotka ovat erillisten ismien ja omien ongelmiensa ympäröimiä, ei kutenkaan tee hänestä asiantuntijaa mormonismin "okkultismista".

    Taas tämä keskustelu pyöriin vain paikallaan. Puhutaan aidasta ja aidan seipäästä.

    Itse haluan tietää mitä ne "okkultiset" asiat olivat joita Joseph Smith harjoitti ja toi kirkin oppeihin... Kuka on lukenut sen kirjan "Michael D. Quinnin kirja Early Mormonism and Magic World View" ... Kertokoon nyt sitten millaisia juttuja Joseph Smith harjoitti, tai vaietkoon iäksi... ;-)

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Annetaan Rikun tehdä sitä hyvää työtä mitä hän on tehnyt nuorten parissa.

    Se että hän on kosketuksissa nuoriin, jotka ovat erillisten ismien ja omien ongelmiensa ympäröimiä, ei kutenkaan tee hänestä asiantuntijaa mormonismin "okkultismista".

    Taas tämä keskustelu pyöriin vain paikallaan. Puhutaan aidasta ja aidan seipäästä.

    Itse haluan tietää mitä ne "okkultiset" asiat olivat joita Joseph Smith harjoitti ja toi kirkin oppeihin... Kuka on lukenut sen kirjan "Michael D. Quinnin kirja Early Mormonism and Magic World View" ... Kertokoon nyt sitten millaisia juttuja Joseph Smith harjoitti, tai vaietkoon iäksi... ;-)

    Googlettamallakin löytyy vaikka millä mitalla linkkejä sanoilla: mormonism magic

    Esim: http://www.signaturebooks.com/excerpts/magic2.htm

    http://www.xmission.com/~country/reason/clndest7.htm

    Äänestä

  • iäksi kirjoitti:

    Googlettamallakin löytyy vaikka millä mitalla linkkejä sanoilla: mormonism magic

    Esim: http://www.signaturebooks.com/excerpts/magic2.htm

    http://www.xmission.com/~country/reason/clndest7.htm

    Ei ku heitetään vaan linkkejä toisillemme.

    Et siis ole lukenut ko. kirjaa?

    Mutta hyvinhän tuolla sanotaan esim:
    It is often difficult for us in the twentieth century to appreciate the world from the perspective of earlier times. As Danny L. Jorgensen has recently written: "From a modernist standpoint the occult claim to be both science and religion simply is conceptually illegitimate and, thereby, it is incomprehensible." However, in his study of medieval society Richard Kieckhefer has recently written that "magic is a crossing-point where religion converges with science, [and] popular beliefs intersect with those of the educated classes." Likewise, Peter Brown commented that knowledge of magic "techniques could be widespread among the literate people that the historian meets."


    All of us have a tendency to assume that our ancestors saw the world as we see it today. Morris Berman, a historian of science, noted a common pattern when "modern" people discover that earlier generations had views different from our own. We dismiss "the thinking of [these] previous ages not simply as other legitimate forms of consciousness, but as misguided world views that we have happily outgrown." He called this approach "misguided," and noted that such an attitude results from our apparent inability to understand the point of view of "premodern man." Historians call this problem "present-mindedness" or "the fallacy of presentism." This presentist bias can obscure our understanding of people only a few generations in the past.

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä joku täällä valitti sitä että kun noi tekstit on muulla kun suomen kielellä...

    Niin hyötyähän noista linkeistä on vain niille joiden englannin taso on "kouluenglantia" parempi.

    Siis minullehan on aivan sama nuo mormonismin kytkökset okkultismiin tai magiaan, koska en niitä pidä minään "perkeleen eksytyksinä". Eikä minulla ole tarvetta väitellä mormonismin puolesta tai vastaan. Heitinpähän vain asiasta kiinnostuneille linkkejä. Englanniksihan ne tosin ovat...

    Mainitsemaasi kirjaa en muista lukeneeni. Voisi olla mielenkiintoinen, mutta ei toki ainoa lähde.

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä joku täällä valitti sitä että kun noi tekstit on muulla kun suomen kielellä...

    Niin hyötyähän noista linkeistä on vain niille joiden englannin taso on "kouluenglantia" parempi.

    Niin, sehän oli "Historia"-nimimerkillä kirjoittanut henkilö joka tuota kirjaa "kehui".

    Onko lukenut sen, sitä en tiedä.

    Mutta ilmeisesti kirjan sisältö on mormonismin "vastainen"...

    Ei sen kummempaa.

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä joku täällä valitti sitä että kun noi tekstit on muulla kun suomen kielellä...

    Niin hyötyähän noista linkeistä on vain niille joiden englannin taso on "kouluenglantia" parempi.

    Olisiko sittenkin niin että se kirja on totuudenmukainen? Ei sen kummempaa.

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä joku täällä valitti sitä että kun noi tekstit on muulla kun suomen kielellä...

    Niin hyötyähän noista linkeistä on vain niille joiden englannin taso on "kouluenglantia" parempi.

    joten en osaa kuvitella hänen kirjoittavan tieten tahtoen "mormonisminvastaista" teosta. Historian ammattilainen hän kyllä on.

    Mutta Zappa, tämähän kuuluu aivan perustaviin teoksiin jos aikoo mormonismista jotakin oppia. Kuinka on mahdollista, ettet ole lukenut edes sitä? Mitä sinä OLET lukenut?

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  • Minä kirjoitti:

    Minä haluaisin nyt kuule saada listan niistä luvuista ja jakeista, joista kerroit. Ole hyvä ja todista väitteesi!

    Jos et niitä jakeita pysty esittämään, niin se osoittaa että puhut sillä varmuudella jonka täydellinen tietämättömyys antaa.

    Häpeä.

    tässä kysymyksessä, sillä tietoa on saatavilla. Menepä itse häpeänurkkaan joksikin aikaa ja paina aasinmyssy päähäsi.

    Vain laiskat teini-ikäiset vaativat toisia tuomaan kaiken valmiina nenun eteen hopeatarjottimella.

    Paras keino oppia on tutkia itse. Lukematta ei voi oppia.

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  • magus kirjoitti:

    tässä kysymyksessä, sillä tietoa on saatavilla. Menepä itse häpeänurkkaan joksikin aikaa ja paina aasinmyssy päähäsi.

    Vain laiskat teini-ikäiset vaativat toisia tuomaan kaiken valmiina nenun eteen hopeatarjottimella.

    Paras keino oppia on tutkia itse. Lukematta ei voi oppia.

    mutta et vieläkään kertonut niitä jakeita... tämä on tyypillistä mormonismivastaisuutta, väitteitä ja "referenssejä" on, joita ei kuitenkaan ole luettu / tutustuttu.

    Mieten omatuntosi kestää sen, että perustelet jotain "jonkin perusteella", josta et kuitenkaan mitään tiedä.

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  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Sinä 111 taidat olla sellainen ihminen, joka ei pelaa edes pelikorteilla, koska se on syntiä.

    Seksikin on varmaan sinusta niin kamala synti, että olet pahassa puutteessa ollut jo vuosikausia.

    Moi taas 111!

    Jotenkin ala tykkäämään sinusta, vaikka oletkin ihan hanurista. Ehkä siihen vaikuttaa, että olen nyt vähän pönässä (joka ei kuulu mormonien järjestykseen).

    Pari "oman" viisauteni sanaa:

    Älä kuvittele, että totuutesi olisi "oikea" totuus.

    Rakasta lähimmäistäsi!

    Ole suvaitsevainen!

    Pidä mielesi auki!

    Pidä silmäsi auki!

    Pidä peltisi kiinni ;)

    Äänestä

  • Exmoro kirjoitti:

    Niin, minä itse asiassa sanoin vaan oman mielipiteeni tästä okkultismiasiasta - minä en voi sitä pitää muuna kuin naurettavana touhuna. Lasten juttuja, Harrypotter-sukupolven pitäisi ymmärtää, että joku aarteen etsintä on lähinnä leikkiä.

    Mormonismin juuriin en ota kantaa - en ole ollut näkemässä sitä. En voi nykyään uskoa enää juuri mihinkään mitä en ole itse nähnyt tai kokenut - skeptisyyden kiroja....

    Moi!!!!

    Mormonismin juuret eivät enää ole minulle niin tärkeitä (tosin minulla ei ole mitään morkkuja vastaan).... kuinka ollakkaan, kukaan meistä ei ole nähnyt muuta kun kirjoituksia aiheesta. Mormonit postiivisia ja antimorkut negativisi.

    Totuuden nimisä: pitäkää silmät ja korva auki. ja ennen kaikkea, sydämenne turmeltumattomana.

    Kaikki uskovaiset etsivät totuutta ja toivovat ikuista elämää itselleen. Mksei mikään muu uskonto kuin MAP lupaa raukkauden aviopuolisoa kohtaan jatkuvat taivaassa, jos elämä jatkuu.....

    Miettikää sitä.

    Minä en tiedä paskaakaan.. todistaahan sen jo (paska) väitöskirjani näin jälkikäteen tsekattuna ;)

    Antakaa kaikille madollisuuksille mahdollisuus.

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  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä joku täällä valitti sitä että kun noi tekstit on muulla kun suomen kielellä...

    Niin hyötyähän noista linkeistä on vain niille joiden englannin taso on "kouluenglantia" parempi.

    kirjoitit:
    joten en osaa kuvitella hänen kirjoittavan tieten tahtoen "mormonisminvastaista" teosta. Historian ammattilainen hän kyllä on.

    Ja näinhän on , hänhän itse sanoo että mormonien ei tarvitse olla huolissaan kirjoittamastaan teoksesta. Näin muistaakseni siis...

    Kirjoitit:
    Mutta Zappa, tämähän kuuluu aivan perustaviin teoksiin jos aikoo mormonismista jotakin oppia. Kuinka on mahdollista, ettet ole lukenut edes sitä? Mitä sinä OLET lukenut?

    Nii-in... Kaikkea en ole kerennyt lukemaan. Tietoa on ihan riittävästi ollut muuallakin ja työt/perhe/harrastukset vievät suuren osan aikaa. Eipä ole kukaan enne maininnut kys. teosta, mutta nyt kun siitä on tullut puhe niin... Olen jo sen tilannutkin...

    Sen verran kuitenkin olen asioita penkonut että nuo jupiterin talismannit ym. salamanterijutut ovat ihan tuttua kamaa... Sitten on vielä sellaista jota (ainakaan suomalaiset) rivijäsenet eivät tunne, liittyen symboliikaan ym. asioihin kirkon alkuajoilta...

    Toivotaan nyt että tuossa kirjassa on jotakin uutta :-).

    111 Kirjoitti:
    Olisiko sittenkin niin että se kirja on totuudenmukainen? Ei sen kummempaa.

    Ei siinä mitään jos tuo kirja on totuudenmukainen, toivon että on, koska ym. syistä (elikkä tunnen jotakin kirkokn alkuaikojen symboliikasta/historiasta jota monet suomesa eivät tunne...) se tod.näk. vain vahvistaa uskoani siihen että Joseph Smith rodella oli Jumalan profeetta... ei sen kummempaa ;-)

    et siis ole lukenut sitä?

    Kuka täällä kirjoittavista on ihan oikeasti lukenut ko. kirjan? Eiko kukaan?

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä vanhaa on juttu.

    Oletin että jotan uutta olisi ollut tiedossa.

    Esim. se, että jos Joseph Smith muutaman kerran näytösomaisesti näytti miten käännöstyö on mm. sujunut, niin sitten ajatellaan että näin on koko Mormonin Kirjan osalta... Elikkä siis että Joseph Smith vain katsot niihin kiviin hattunsa sisällä ja levyjä ei ollut missään...

    Kuitenkin se versio jota kirkossa opetetaan on kaikkein tarkin ja täsmällisin. Levyltä Joseph Smith käänsi "Uurimin" ja "Tummimin" avulla tekstin englanniksi. Kaikki käännöstyössä olleet ovat tämän vahvistaneet.

    Kannattaisi tutkia tätäkin historiaa paremmin ennenkuin lähtee kirkosta valheellisen tiedon takia pois.

    Mutta kun se on niin mukavaa hyökätä kirkon kimppuun ja antaa vain ja ainoastaan kuva että käännöstyöhön ei tarvittu muka levy ollenkaan, niin mikä ettei.

    Sitten vielä se syytös Joseph Smithin "aarteiden kaivuusta". Syytöshän todettiin perusteettomaksi eikä siis mitään rangaistusta annettu. Sivuilla tosin yritetään lieventään tätäkin faktaa yrittämällä uskotella että tuomari olisi päästänyt Joseph Smithin pälkähästä vain sillä perusteella että kysessä olisi ollut "ensimmäinen kerta" oikeuden edessä.

    Tekstiä:

    Joseph Smith's Translation of the Book of Mormon: Evidence for Tight Control of the Text

    Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1998. P. N/A


    Joseph Smith's Translation of the Book of Mormon: Evidence for Tight Control of the Text
    Royal Skousen

    Introduction
    The Prophet Joseph Smith said very little about the actual process of translating the Book of Mormon. However, a thorough study of the original text of the Book of Mormon (including a detailed examination of both the original and printer's manuscripts) and a careful review of statements made by those who witnessed Joseph Smith translating combine to provide valuable information about the translation process. Even details such as spelling corrections and textual insertions provide definite clues about how Joseph translated.

    This evidence does not support theories that Joseph Smith composed the text himself or that he took the text from some other source. Instead, it indicates that the Lord exercised what I refer to as "tight control" over the word-by-word translation of the Book of Mormon. In particular, the evidence suggests that Joseph Smith saw specific words written out in English and read them off to the scribe, and that the accuracy of the resulting text depended on the carefulness of Joseph and his scribe. Indeed, this evidence is most compatible with the account that Joseph himself gave, that he translated the Book of Mormon "by the gift and power of God."

    Statements from Witnesses of the Translation
    Witnesses of the translation process make two kinds of claims. First of all, the witnesses provide valuable evidence of what they actually saw taking place. Generally speaking, their observations are consistent with the physical evidence in the original manuscript. On the other hand, these witnesses frequently made claims about matters that they themselves could not observe. For instance, some described what they believed Joseph Smith saw in the interpreters; and many claimed that Joseph could not go on until the scribe had written down letter-for-letter what Joseph saw. It turns out that these kinds of claims are not supported by the evidence in the original manuscript. Of course, the witnesses themselves did not see what Joseph saw. For these kinds of claims, the witnesses were either offering their own conjectures or perhaps recalling what Joseph might have told them. Nonetheless, all seemed to believe that Joseph Smith actually saw words in English, and there is evidence in the original manuscript to support this idea.

    During the translation process, the witnesses were able to observe, in an open setting, the following:

    Joseph Smith placing the interpreters (either the Urim and Thummim or the seer stone) in a hat and placing his face into the hat;

    Joseph dictating for long periods of time without reference to any books, papers, manuscripts, or even the plates themselves;

    Joseph spelling out unfamiliar Book of Mormon names;

    after each dictated sequence, the scribe reading back to Joseph what was written so that Joseph could check the correctness of the manuscript;

    Joseph starting a dictation session without prompting from the scribe about where the previous session had ended.

    The translation process that these witnesses observed was an open one—that is, others in the room could observe the dictation from Joseph Smith to the scribe. But early on in the translation, from late 1827 to early 1828, it appears that Joseph used a different process while translating. During this early period, Joseph would first copy some of the characters directly from the plates onto sheets of paper, from which sheets he would then translate his transcribed characters into English by means of the Urim and Thummim. During such a process, the plates were uncovered while Joseph translated (or at least while he copied the characters from the plates to paper); and since no one was permitted to see the plates until later, Joseph took precautions to prevent anyone from seeing him working directly with the plates. Martin Harris, in a couple of early statements, said that a blanket or curtain separated Joseph from him at the time he (Martin) obtained a sample transcript and translation to take to Professor Anthon in New York City.

    In place of this early procedure, Joseph Smith soon turned to a method of translation that depended directly on the interpreters alone, so that the plates did not have to be viewed, and thus the translation could be done openly. All witnesses that refer either to the translation of the lost 116 pages or to our own current Book of Mormon (Emma Smith, Martin Harris, and members of the Whitmer family) openly observed this translation process—one without a curtain or blanket separating Joseph from his scribe. In fact, according to Emma, the plates were wrapped up and not directly used.

    On the basis of the witnesse's statements, we can identify the following stages in the translation process:

    Joseph Smith sees (in some way) the English text;
    Joseph reads off the text to the scribe;
    the scribe hears the text;
    the scribe writes the text.
    Evidence from the original and printer's manuscripts suggests that the only revealed stage in the translation process was what Joseph Smith himself saw by means of the interpreters. Witnesses seemed to have believed that Joseph actually saw an English text in the interpreters, but it is possible that Joseph saw the text, so to speak, in his "mind's eye". In any event, all other stages—from Joseph Smith reading off that text to the scribe writing it down—potentially introduced human error and had to be carefully monitored.

    The idea of a revealed text raises an important question: To what degree did the Lord control the dictation of the Book of Mormon? There appear to be three possible kinds of control over the dictation of the text:

    Loose control: Ideas were revealed to Joseph Smith, and he put those ideas into his own language (a theory advocated by many Book of Mormon scholars over the years);
    Tight control: Joseph saw specific words written out in English and read them off to the scribe—the accuracy of the resulting text depending on the carefulness of Joseph and his scribe;
    Iron-clad control: Joseph (or the interpreters themselves) would not allow any scribal error to remain (including the spelling of common words).
    One can also conceive of mixtures of these different kinds of control. For instance, one might argue for tight control over the spelling of specific names, but loose control over the English phraseology itself.

    A number of statements from the witnesses definitely show that virtually all of them believed in the iron-clad theory:

    Joseph Knight (autograph [between 1833 and 1847]):

    But if it was not Spelt rite it would not go away till it was rite, so we see it was marvelous.

    Emma Smith (Edmund Briggs interview, 1856):

    When my husband was translating the Book of Mormon, I wrote a part of it, as he dictated each sentence, word for word, and when he came to proper names he could not pronounce, or long words, he spelled them out, and while I was writing them, if I made a mistake in spelling, he would stop me and correct my spelling, although it was impossible for him to see how I was writing them down at the time.

    Martin Harris (Edward Stevenson's 1881 account):

    By aid of the seer stone, sentences would appear and were read by the Prophet and written by Martin, and when finished he would say, "Written," and if correctly written, that sentence would disappear and another appear in its place, but if not written correctly it remained until corrected, so that the translation was just as it was engraven on the plates, precisely in the language then used.

    David Whitmer (Eri Mullin interview, 1874):

    . . . the words would appear, and if he failed to spell the word right, it would stay till it was spelled right, then pass away; another come, and so on.

    Evidence in the Manuscripts
    We now turn to the original manuscript and what it can specifically tell us about the translation process. In a number of instances it provides valuable support (or at least consistent evidence) for what the witnesses saw. This manuscript also provides valuable evidence for procedures that none of the witnesses described in any of their statements. The five conclusions that follow are based on evidence in the original manuscript and, to a lesser extent, on corroborating evidence in the printer's manuscript.

    The original manuscript was written from dictation
    All witnesses of the translation stated that Joseph Smith dictated the text of the Book of Mormon. This claim is supported by certain errors in the original manuscript which clearly resulted from the scribe mishearing what Joseph had dictated. These errors were not the result of the scribe misreading while visually copying from some other manuscript or even from a copy of the King James Bible. As an example of this kind of error, consider the difficulty the scribe had in hearing the difference between and and an. In 1 Nephi 13:29 of the original manuscript the scribe (not yet identified, but designated as scribe 2) wrote down the following:

    & because of these things which are taken away out of the gosple of the Lamb & exceeding great many do stumble

    Obviously, scribe 2 misheard "an exceeding great many" as "and exceeding great many". The scribe's use of the ampersand (&) shows that the error was not based on visual similarity. Hearing an, the scribe interpreted it as the casual speech form an' for and.

    In contrast to this error from the original manuscript, the errors that are found in the printer's manuscript show that this second manuscript was visually copied. As Oliver Cowdery was copying from the original manuscript into the printer's manuscript, he sometimes incorrectly read the original manuscript. In many cases, the error leads to a more difficult reading, as in the following example:
    Alma 30:52

    original manuscript:

    yea & I always knew that there was a God

    printer's manuscript:

    yea & I also knew that there was a God

    This error was due to visual similarity between the words always and also. This kind of error does not appear in the original manuscript, because the scribes were not copying from another written source but were hearing the words dictated by Joseph Smith.

    Joseph Smith was working with at least twenty words at a time

    There is some evidence in the original manuscript to suggest the minimal amount of text Joseph Smith viewed as he was dictating. Consider, for instance, the evidence from scribal anticipations. Frequently the scribe, in attempting to keep up with Joseph's dictation, jumped ahead of the actual text. In the following example Oliver Cowdery anticipated the text in Alma 56:41 of the original manuscript:

    & it came to pass that again when the light of the morning came we saw the Lamanites upon us

    (Here and elsewhere in this article, the angled brackets refer to a crossout.) This example suggests that Joseph and Oliver started out together, but by the time Oliver finished writing "& it came to pass that again," Joseph had moved along far enough that he was then dictating "we saw the Lamanites upon us" and Oliver started to write that down when he realized he had skipped the intervening text ("when the light of the morning came"), so he immediately crossed out "we saw the Lamanites" and wrote the correct sequence, possibly with Joseph repeating the correct text for him. If this explanation is correct, then it indicates that Joseph had at least twenty words in view as he was dictating.

    Joseph Smith could see the spelling of names

    Several witnesses to the translation process claimed that Joseph Smith sometimes spelled out names to the scribe. And we find evidence in the original manuscript in support of this process. Frequently the first occurrence of a Book of Mormon name is first spelled phonetically, then that spelling is corrected; in some instances, the incorrect spelling is crossed out and followed on the same line by the correct spelling, thus indicating that the correction was an immediate one. For example, in Alma 33:15 the text of the original manuscript reads as follows:

    for it is not written that Zenos alone spake of these things but Zenoch also spake of these things

    Oliver Cowdery first wrote Zenock using the expected ck English spelling for the k sound when preceded by a short vowel. But then Oliver crossed out the whole word and immediately afterwards, on the same line, wrote Zenoch, thus indicating that the spelling agrees with the biblical name Enoch. This example also suggests that Joseph Smith spelled out the ch sequence for Oliver, although it is possible that Joseph could have repronounced the ch sequence with the incorrect ch sound rather than with the correct k sound in order to help Oliver get it down right.

    But there are also examples for which it is impossible to find a repronunciation that will guarantee the correct spelling. For instance, in Helaman 1:15 Oliver Cowdery first wrote the name Coriantumr phonetically, as Coriantummer, then he crossed it all out and wrote out the correct spelling, Coriantumr:

    & they were lead by a man whose name was Coriantumr

    In this case, no matter how slowly or carefully Joseph Smith might have repronounced Coriantumr, it would have been impossible for him to have indicated that there was no vowel between the m and r at the end of the name except by actually spelling out the separate letters m and r. Nor could Oliver have guessed this spelling since no word (or name) in English ends in mr. In fact, Oliver ends the correct spelling Coriantumr with a large flourish on the final r, which Oliver produces nowhere else in either the original or the printer's manuscript. This addition may reveal Oliver's frustration at having to guess at such a weird spelling.

    The scribe repeated the text to Joseph Smith
    According to David Whitmer, a dictation of words was followed by a checking sequence in which the scribe would read back the text to Joseph Smith. If an error was discovered, Joseph would presumably then read off the correct text once more until he was satisfied that the scribe had written it down correctly.

    The specific evidence from the original manuscript is consistent with the claim that the scribe read back what had been written. In such a process, Joseph Smith would be checking what he was hearing from the scribe against what he was viewing in the interpreters. But such agreement would not guarantee the accuracy of the manuscript. For instance, the name Amalickiah was frequently spelled as Ameleckiah in the original manuscript. This misspelling shows that Joseph placed the stress on the first syllable, not the second. If the stress had been on the second syllable, the scribe would have consistently spelled the second vowel with the letter a. Therefore, given Joseph's pronunciation of Amalickiah with stress on the first syllable, there would be no way for him to detect the incorrect spelling Ameleckiah when the scribe, in reading back the text, pronounced the name as Joseph did (with stress on the first syllable). This same difficulty in hearing word differences applies to phonetically similar words (such as and versus an). Many of the undetected errors that remain in the original manuscript could not have been caught when read back because there was little if any difference in pronunciation.
    Corrections in the original manuscript are also consistent with a repetition sequence. The clear majority of changes in the original manuscript were made immediately; that is, the scribe caught the error during Joseph Smith's initial dictation. Evidence for these immediate corrections include: corrections following on the same line, erasures showing ink smearing (since the ink had not yet dried), or corrections above the line or insertions in the line with no change in the level of ink flow or difference in the quill. These immediate corrections also include numerous cases where the crossed-out word is only part of the intended word or is obviously miswritten.

    On the other hand, there are also numerous changes that are consistent with a process of correcting errors found while reading back the text. In these instances, the original form is complete and the error is usually not obvious (that is, the reading is not a difficult reading); the correction is supralinear or inserted in line, but there is no erasure, only a crossout, and the level of ink flow is usually different.

    In addition, some corrections were made well after the repetition sequence. In fact, a few of the later corrections in the original manuscript were apparently made when the printer's manuscript was being copied from the original manuscript, or even later when sheets of the 1830 edition were being proofed. Sometimes the change was by a different scribe or in a different medium (pencil rather than ink). In virtually every case these few corrections eliminated difficult readings in the original manuscript.

    The word chapter and the corresponding chapter numbers were not part of the revealed text
    Evidence from both the original and printer's manuscripts shows that Joseph Smith apparently saw some visual indication at the end of a section that the section was ending. Although this may have been a symbol of some kind, a more likely possibility is that the last words of the section were followed by blankness. Recognizing that the section was ending, Joseph then told the scribe to write the word chapter, with the understanding that the appropriate number would be added later.

    There is considerable evidence in both manuscripts to support this interpretation. First, the word chapter is never used by any writer in the text itself, unlike the term book, which is used to refer to an individual book in the Book of Mormon (such as the book of Helaman) as well as a whole set of plates (such as the book of Nephi, meaning the large plates of Nephi).

    Second, chapters are assigned before the beginning of a book. For instance, in the original manuscript, we have the following at the beginning of 2 Nephi:



    second Chapter I

    The ^ Book of Nephi ^
    An account of the death of Lehi . . .

    Oliver Cowdery first wrote Chapter at the conclusion of the last section in 1 Nephi—that is, at the conclusion of Chapter VII in the original chapter system; our current chapter system dates from Orson Pratt's 1879 edition of the Book of Mormon (which has 22 chapters in 1 Nephi). At this point, Joseph Smith had no indication that a new book was beginning. All he could see was the end of Chapter VII (namely, the words "and thus it is Amen" followed probably by blankness or maybe a special symbol). Later, when Oliver was adding the chapter numbers, he first assigned the Roman numeral VIII to this first chapter of 2 Nephi. But when he realized that this was actually the beginning of a new book, he crossed out the whole chapter designation and inserted (with slightly weaker ink flow) "Chapter I" after the title of the book, which originally was simply designated as "The Book of Nephi". Later he realized that there was more than one book of Nephi, which led him to also insert the word second (with considerably heavier ink flow).

    This system of assigning chapters also explains why the two manuscripts have chapter numbers assigned to the short books found at the end of the small plates (Enos, Jarom, Omni, and the Words of Mormon) as well as 4 Nephi. These books contain only one section, but at the beginning of each of these short books, Joseph Smith apparently had no knowledge that this was the case. This fact further shows that Joseph himself did not know in advance the contents or structure of the text.

    Probably the strongest evidence that the word chapter is not original to the revealed text is that the chapter numbers are assigned later in both manuscripts. The numbers are almost always written with heavier ink flow and more carefully. In many cases, Oliver Cowdery took turns to add serifs to his Roman numerals. On the other hand, his Chapter is always written rapidly and with the same general ink flow as the surrounding text. In the printer's manuscript, at the beginning of Chapter XVII in Alma (now the beginning of Alma 36), the Roman numeral XVII was written in blue ink, not the normal black ink. This example clearly suggests that this part of the original manuscript itself did not yet have chapter numbers assigned to it when Oliver started to copy it, perhaps six months after it had been dictated.

    Evidence in the Original Text
    The evidence for loose control seems to rely heavily upon the notion that the nonstandard use of English in the original text could not have come from the Lord (since some suppose he only speaks "correct" English). The use of dialectal English, in this view, is said to be Joseph Smith's contribution, thus by inference the Lord only gave Joseph Smith ideas, not specific words. However, Joseph's practice of spelling out names definitely suggests that a theory of loose control must be revised in some way: Joseph had some view of the specific spelling for names, in particular, names with impossible spellings for English literates.

    Non-English Hebraisms in the Original Text
    One of the interesting complexities of the original English-language text of the Book of Mormon is that it contains expressions that appear to be uncharacteristic of English in all of its dialects and historical stages. These structures also support the notion that Joseph Smith's translation is a literal one and not simply a reflection of either his own dialect or the style of early modern English found in the King James Version of the Bible.

    For instance, in the original text of the Book of Mormon we find a number of occurrences of a Hebrew-like conditional clause. In English, we have conditional clauses like "if you come, then I will come", with then being optional. In Hebrew this same clause is expressed as "if you come and I will come". In the original text of the Book of Mormon, there were at least fourteen occurrences of this non-English expression. One occurrence was removed in 1 Nephi 17:50 as Oliver Cowdery was producing the printer's manuscript by copying from the original manuscript:

    1 Nephi 17:50

    original manuscript:

    if he should command me that I should say unto this water be thou earth
    and it shall be earth

    printer's manuscript:

    if he should command me that I should say unto this water be thou earth
    it should be earth

    The remaining thirteen occurrences were all removed by Joseph Smith in his editing for the second edition of the Book of Mormon, published in 1837 in Kirtland, Ohio. One example comes from the famous passage in Moroni 10:4 where Joseph removed the extraneous and in the second edition of the Book of Mormon:

    and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart with real intent having faith in Christ and he will manifest the truth of it unto you by the power of the Holy Ghost

    This original use of and is not due to scribal error, especially since this same if-and expression occurs seven times in one brief passage:

    Helaman 12:13–21

    yea and if he sayeth unto the earth move and it is moved
    yea if he say unto the earth thou shalt go back that it lengthen out the day for many hours and it is done . . .
    and behold also if he sayeth unto the waters of the great deep be thou dried up and it is done
    behold if he sayeth unto this mountain be thou raised up and come over and fall upon that city that it be buried up and behold it is done . . .
    and if the Lord shall say be thou accursed that no man shall find thee from this time henceforth and forever and behold no man getteth it henceforth and forever
    and behold if the Lord shall say unto a man because of thine iniquities thou shalt be accursed forever and it shall be done
    and if the Lord shall say because of thine iniquities thou shalt be cut off from my presence and he will cause that it shall be so
    These examples of the if-and construction in the original text suggest that Joseph Smith did not simply get the idea of a conditional construction in his mind and then put it into his own words. If that had been the case, he should have translated that idea using the English if-then construction, possibly without the then, but certainly without the connective and. The multiple occurrence of the non-English if-and construction suggests that even the word and was controlled for.

    Consistency of Phraseology in the Original Text
    There is substantial evidence within the text itself for tight control over specific words, phrases, and sentences of English. For instance, John Welch and Tim Rathbone have pointed out an interesting case where the Book of Mormon makes the same identical (nonbiblical) quote in widely separated parts of the text. The example they give is based on Lehi's vision of the kingdom of God as found in 1 Nephi 1:8 and Alma 36:22:

    1 Nephi 1:8

    and he thought he saw
    God sitting upon his throne
    surrounded with numberless concourses of angels
    in the attitude of singing and praising their God

    Alma 36:22

    and methought I saw
    even as our father Lehi saw
    God sitting upon his throne
    surrounded with numberless concourses of angels
    in the attitude of singing and praising their God

    This identity of quotation provides striking support for a theory of tight control over the translation.

    In numerous cases we find that the original Book of Mormon text is consistent in its phraseology, but subsequent copying errors or changes due to editing have created exceptional phrases uncharacteristic of the text. For example, the Book of Mormon originally referred to people pressing their way forward, but never feeling their way, as in Lehi's dream of the tree of life:

    1 Nephi 8:21

    and I saw numberless concourses of people many of whom were pressing forward that they might obtain the path

    1 Nephi 8:24 (2 times)

    and it came to pass that I beheld others pressing forward . . . and they did press forward through the mists of darkness

    1 Nephi 8:30 (2 times)

    behold he saw other multitudes pressing forward . . . and they did press their way forward

    Yet in one case Oliver Cowdery accidentally miscopied the correct pressing as feeling:

    1 Nephi 8:31

    original manuscript:

    and he also saw other multitudes pressing their way towards that great and spacious building

    printer's manuscript:

    and he also saw other multitudes feeling their way towards that great and spacious building

    Other examples of "pressing forward" are found in 2 Nephi 31:20 (2 times) and Ether 14:12. But there are no scriptural uses of the modern expression "feeling one's way", in either the Book of Mormon or anywhere else (including the King James Bible)—except by accident here in 1 Nephi 8:31.

    A second example is in 1 Nephi 12:18, where the current text refers to "the word of the justice of the eternal God". Yet in the original manuscript, this passage refers to "the sword of the justice of the eternal God":

    1 Nephi 12:18

    original manuscript:

    and a great and a terrible gulf divideth them
    yea even the sword of the justice of the eternal God

    printer's manuscript:

    and a great and a terrible gulf divideth them
    yea even the word of the justice of the eternal God

    Oliver Cowdery misread sword as word when he was copying the original manuscript into the printer's manuscript, yet neither he nor subsequent editors noticed that the Book of Mormon nowhere else refers to the word of the justice of God, only to the sword of the justice of God:

    "the sword of his justice" (Alma 26:19)
    "the sword of justice" (Alma 60:29)
    "the sword of justice" (Helaman 13:5, 2 times)
    "the sword of my justice" (3 Nephi 20:20)
    "the sword of his justice" (3 Nephi 29:4)
    "the sword of the justice of the eternal God" (Ether 8:23)

    In fact, the phraseology in the last example is precisely the same as the original reading in 1 Nephi 12:18.

    Conscious editing has also created exceptional readings in the text. For instance, in his editing for the second (1837, Kirtland) edition of the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith changed one case of had hope to had hoped:

    Jacob 5:46

    printer's manuscript and 1830 edition:

    and these I had hope to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

    1837 edition:

    and these I had hoped to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

    By adding the d to hope, Joseph reinterpreted the original main verb had and the direct object noun hope as a past perfect verb phrase (had hoped). Nonetheless, this change created an exception to the rest of the Book of Mormon text. Elsewhere, there are 17 examples of the main verb have taking the noun hope as a direct object, including two examples of had hope, one of which is close by:

    Jacob 7:5

    and he had hope to shake me from the faith

    Mormon 6:4

    and here we had hope to gain advantage over the Lamanites

    Except for the change in Jacob 5:46, there are no other examples of the verb hope occurring with the perfect auxiliary have—that is, there are no other examples of have hoped, has hoped, hath hoped, or had hoped in the entire Book of Mormon.

    Conclusion
    Evidence from the original manuscript supports the traditional belief that Joseph Smith received a revealed text by means of the interpreters. This idea of a controlled text originates with statements made by witnesses of the translation. The evidence from the original manuscript, when joined with internal evidence from the text itself, suggests that this control was tight, but not iron-clad. The text could be "ungrammatical" from a prescriptive point of view, but the use of nonstandard English is not evidence that the text was not being tightly controlled, or that it did not come from the Lord, who apparently does not share our insistence on "proper English" (see D&C 1:24). In fact, the occurrence of non-English Hebraisms such as the if-and construction strongly suggests that the text was tightly controlled down to the level of the word at least. This tight control is also supported by the consistent phraseology in the original text. And the spelling of names such as Coriantumr suggests that control could be imposed down to the very letter.

    All of this evidence (from the witnesse's statements, the original manuscript, the printer's manuscript, and from the text itself) is thus consistent with the hypothesis that Joseph Smith could actually see (whether in the interpreters themselves or in his mind's eye) the translated English text—word for word and letter for letter—and that he read off this revealed text to his scribe. Despite Joseph's reading off of the text, one should not assume that this process was automatic or easily done. Joseph had to prepare himself spiritually for this work. Yet the evidence suggests that Joseph was not the author of the Book of Mormon, not even its English language translation, although it was revealed spiritually through him and in his own language.

    Tuli jo sanottua!

    Äänestä

  • Zappa kirjoitti:

    Elikkä joku täällä valitti sitä että kun noi tekstit on muulla kun suomen kielellä...

    Niin hyötyähän noista linkeistä on vain niille joiden englannin taso on "kouluenglantia" parempi.

    Aiemmin olet kuitenkin väittänyt lukeneesi sivustoa http://www.mormonismi.net
    ja siellähän on laaja kirjallisuusosasto, kuten me muut kyllä olemme jo pitkään tienneet. Mutta sinä siis et? Et kai kuitenkaan ole niin hassu, että boikotoit noita sivuja kun tiedät niiden kirjoittajan olevan kirkkoasi vastaan?

    Näin kuitenkin tuoreimmalta sivulta, että olet vihdoin tätäkin alkanut lukea, hyvä niin.

    Äänestä

Minulle, tavalliselle kahelille eng. kieliset sivut eivät kerro mitään. Kai Jumala tarkoitti sanan kaikille ymmärrettäväksi, joten, voitte totuutta ilmaistaaksenne kirjojen kohdat lainata, mutta muuten, pyydän, kirjoittakaa suomea tai ruotsia. Ne ovat meidän äidinkielemme. Vaikka minä ymmärtäisinkin eng. tekstiä, suurin osa kansastamme jää viestiänne paitsi.

Äänestä

Luin kirjan ja lopettelin sen tänä viikonloppuna. Erittäin hyvä kirja. Suosittelen. Lukemani kirja oli toinen painos, johon Quinn oli lisännyt vastauksiaan kriitikoiden (FARMS) hyökkäyksiin. Quinn määrittelee nuo hyökkääjät poleemikoiksi, ei apoleetikoiksi, joka on mielenkiintoinen määritelmä. Apoleetikot ovat niitä, jotka sulkevat silmänsä ja korvansa kaikilta todisteilta, jotka eivät osu yksyhteen heidän maailmankuvansa kanssa. Poleemikot omaavat myös nuo piirteet, mutta pyrkivät kaiken lisäksi kilpailemaan siitä kuka vie voiton argumentoinnissa eli saavat tyydytyksen siitä, että pystyvät mollaamaan vastapuolen ja tuomaan omaa pätevyyttään esille.

Alkuosa kirjasta on raskasta ja paikka paikoin vaikeaselkoisia teorioiden selityksiä. Kirja kuitenkin muuttuu mielenkiintoiseksi ja lopulta valoittaa hyvin millainen maailma oli tuolloin. Puolet kirjasta on lähdetietoja, joten kirjan pituus on 320 sivua (kokonaispituus 630 sivua). Kirja on hieman syvällinen ja sen takia hitaampi lukea kuin normaalit kirjat.

Itsellänikin jäi hieman kysymysmerkki sen suhteen miksi Quinn kaiken sen tiedon jälkeen halusi pysyä kirkossa, etenkin kun hän selkeästi kirjassaan tuo esille sen, että Joseph oli tietynasteinen huijari. No, olihan hän toisaalta BYU:n professori ja sai elantonsa sieltä. Toisessa painoksessahan hän oli jo erotettu kirkosta ja siksi ehkä kirjoitti jo vähän hyökkäävämmin (kuin oletettavasti ensimmäisessä painoksessa… en tiedä). Loukkaavasti hän ei kuitenkaan kirjoita toisessakaan painoksessa. Luulenpa, että hän on kypsä tutkija, joka ei enää hätkähtänyt asioista, vaan näki, että okkultismi oli tuon ajan hengen mukaista ja ei estänyt sitä etteikö Joseph olisi voinut saada kirkon palautustehtävää. Nykyajan järjellä on siis vaikea selittää ja hyväksyä okkultismiset toimet ja etenkään antaa niille kristillinen sinetti. Ei sen puoleen, monet ihmiset edelleen uskoo horoskooppeihin, kädestä ennustamisiin, jne. ja samalla kristinuskoon. Nuo okkultiset piirteet ovat lieviä ja ei siten vakavasti otettavia. Okkultismilla lienee ollut samanlainen status tuolloin.

Kysymys kuuluu kuitenkin, että jos MAP-kirkko on perustunut okkultisen henkilön maailmankäsityksiin ja hänen taikauskoisuuteen, niin sen pohja ei ole sitä mitä nykypäivän looginen ihminen hyväksyisi uskontonsa perustaksi. Minulle kirja valaisi kuitenkin sen, että tuon ajan okkultismi ei ollut mitään mustaa magiaa, jossa palvottiin paholaista. Ei ainakaan Josephin perheessä ja elämässä. Se oli enemmänkin naivia taikausoisuutta. Nykypäivän sana okkultismi antaa väärän käsityksen siitä mitä oli Josephin okkultismi. Nykypäivän ihmiset linkittää okkultismin saatanan palvontaan, yms. Josephille se oli pahojen henkien poissa pitämistä, yhteyttä enkeleihin, taikauskoisuutta, jne. FARMSin kirjoittajat ovat minusta lyhytnäköisiä kieltäessään monia tosiasiallisia taikauskoisuuden toimia, joita Joseph teki. He pyrkivät pyyhkimään asian pois historian kulusta. Sen sijaan heidän tulisi selittää, että kyseessä oli tuon ajan maailma ja tietyt uskomukset kuten nykypäivänäkin (horoskoopit), mutta onko se este jumalalliseen kanssakäymiseen? Tosin nykypäivän näkökulmasta katsottuna Joseph asettuisi outoon valoon 2000-luvun ihmisille, jos he näin selittäisi. Siksi he pyrkinevät vain kumoamaan väitteet ja muuttaamaan historian kulun.

On kuitenkin myös pakko myöntää, että Josephin toimissa oli selkeää suunnitelmallisuutta muiden harhauttamiseksi eli epärehellisyyttä. Näen, että tämä on Josephin isompi erhe kuin okkultismin harrastaminen.

Erittäin hyvä, että olet päättänyt lukea kirjan. Lue se kuitenkin avoimin mielin ilman ennakkoasenteita. Yritä pysyä puolueettomana. Nautinnollisia lukuhetkiä.

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