Pseudogeenit tärkeitä pitkäkestoiselle muistille ja oppimiselle:
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/5/1188
"In a number of neuronal models of learning, signaling by the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO),
synthesized by the enzyme neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), is essential for the formation of long-term memory (LTM)."
Using the molluscan model system Lymnaea, we investigate here whether LTM formation is associated with specific changes in the activity of members of the NOS gene family: Lym-nNOS1, Lym-nNOS2, and the antisense RNA-producing pseudogene (anti-NOS)."
...
"We also show that the expression of the anti-NOS gene, which functions as a negative
regulator of nNOS expression, is downregulated in the CGC by training at 4 h after conditioning,
during the critical period of NO requirement. This appears to be the first report of the timed
and targeted differential regulation of the activity of a group of related genes involved
in the production of a neurotransmitter that is necessary for learning, measured in an identified
neuron of known function. We also provide the first example of the behavioral regulation of a pseudogene."
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/5/1188
"In a number of neuronal models of learning, signaling by the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO),
synthesized by the enzyme neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), is essential for the formation of long-term memory (LTM)."
Using the molluscan model system Lymnaea, we investigate here whether LTM formation is associated with specific changes in the activity of members of the NOS gene family: Lym-nNOS1, Lym-nNOS2, and the antisense RNA-producing pseudogene (anti-NOS)."
...
"We also show that the expression of the anti-NOS gene, which functions as a negative
regulator of nNOS expression, is downregulated in the CGC by training at 4 h after conditioning,
during the critical period of NO requirement. This appears to be the first report of the timed
and targeted differential regulation of the activity of a group of related genes involved
in the production of a neurotransmitter that is necessary for learning, measured in an identified
neuron of known function. We also provide the first example of the behavioral regulation of a pseudogene."
Vastaukset 6
Vanhimmat
Pseudogene ei ole monikko. Tuossa pätkässä ei myöskään sanota yhtään mitään sen tärkeydestä.
Joillain pseudogeeneiksi luokitelluilla jaksoilla on säätelyfunktioita, mutta se ei poista tosiasiaa, että on myös täysin rikkinäisiä geenejä, jotka eivät tee yhtään mitään.
"Joillain pseudogeeneiksi luokitelluilla jaksoilla on säätelyfunktioita, mutta se ei poista tosiasiaa, että on myös täysin rikkinäisiä geenejä, jotka eivät tee yhtään mitään."
Ja sitten on myös täysin toimivia geenejä, jotka on vain "sammutettu". Kuten vaikka hampaiden kehittymistä ohjaavat geenit linnuilla tai hammaskiilteen muodostumista ohjaavat geenit hetulavalailla.
''Ja sitten on myös täysin toimivia geenejä, jotka on vain "sammutettu". Kuten vaikka hampaiden kehittymistä ohjaavat geenit linnuilla tai hammaskiilteen muodostumista ohjaavat geenit hetulavalailla.''
Nuo ovat nimenomaan niitä pseudogeenejä.
"Ja sitten on myös täysin toimivia geenejä, jotka on vain "sammutettu". Kuten vaikka hampaiden kehittymistä ohjaavat geenit linnuilla tai hammaskiilteen muodostumista ohjaavat geenit hetulavalailla"
Kuten Lauri jo sanoi, nämä ovat pseudogeenejä sanan alkuperäisessä merkityksessä. Ne ovat siis rikki, eivätkä koodaa yhtään mitään.
kretiinivajakit kommentoisivat näitä faktoja...?
Ja lisää pseudogeenien tärkeydestä:
The language of RNA decoded: Study reveals new function for pseudogenes and noncoding RNAs
http://www.physorg.com/news196516390.html
"The new findings suggest that nature has crafted a clever tale of espionage such that thousands upon thousands of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, together with a mysterious group of genetic relics known as pseudogenes, take part in undercover reconnaissance of cellular microRNAs, resulting in a new category of genetic elements which, when mutated, can have consequences for cancer and human disease at large."
"This means that not only have we discovered a new language for mRNA, but we have also translated the previously unknown language of up to 17,000 pseudogenes and at least 10,000 long non-coding (lnc) RNAs. Consequently, we now know the function of an estimated 30,000 new entities, offering a novel dimension by which cellular and tumor biology can be regulated, and effectively doubling the size of the functional genome."
""We now understand how these RNA units talk with one another," says Pandolfi. "Because all RNA molecules are competing to be heard, it had been difficult to tease out the messages amid the noise. But now that we know what to listen for, we can computationally predict which RNA can act as a ceRNA and what that ceRNA can do. And we can apply these findings to any RNA molecule."