Yeshua on Juha?

Juhani(Jussi)= Jehova on rakkaus.

YeshUa kirjoitettiin aiemin YeshVa, mistä sanaa Jehova juontaa juurensa. Katso vaikka googlella.

Raamatun tutkija kirjoitti:

YeshUa kirjoitettiin aiemin YeshVa, mistä sanaa Jehova juontaa juurensa. Katso vaikka googlella.

sinulla väärin: Jeshuassa on shin jota YHWH:ssa ei ole. Ei siis johdu samasta juuresta. Theoforiseksi nimen Jeshua tekee etuliite Je, joka viittaa YHWH:een.
YHWH sanan merkitystä ei varmuudella tiedetä mutta radikaalit eivät ole matkan varrella vaihtuneet vaan ovat HWH.

ateisti-45 kirjoitti:

sinulla väärin: Jeshuassa on shin jota YHWH:ssa ei ole. Ei siis johdu samasta juuresta. Theoforiseksi nimen Jeshua tekee etuliite Je, joka viittaa YHWH:een.
YHWH sanan merkitystä ei varmuudella tiedetä mutta radikaalit eivät ole matkan varrella vaihtuneet vaan ovat HWH.

yeshua
yeshva
yehova
yehva
yahweh
jahvé
jeshua
joshua
Noita muunnoksia on paljon...

ateisti-45 kirjoitti:

sinulla väärin: Jeshuassa on shin jota YHWH:ssa ei ole. Ei siis johdu samasta juuresta. Theoforiseksi nimen Jeshua tekee etuliite Je, joka viittaa YHWH:een.
YHWH sanan merkitystä ei varmuudella tiedetä mutta radikaalit eivät ole matkan varrella vaihtuneet vaan ovat HWH.

j ja y ovat yksi sama kirjain

rium raum kirjoitti:

j ja y ovat yksi sama kirjain

iesus
yesus
jesus

noin i y-\=j

rium raum kirjoitti:

j ja y ovat yksi sama kirjain

Ranskassa j ja e yhdessä lausutaan j (lähes z:tana)
esim. Je suis= minä olen, ~Zö swi

kielitieteilijä kirjoitti:

Ranskassa j ja e yhdessä lausutaan j (lähes z:tana)
esim. Je suis= minä olen, ~Zö swi

Ranskassa j ja e yhdessä lausutaan j (lähes z:tana)
esim. Je suis= minä olen, ~Zö swi
http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~fabre/ORTHOGRAPHE.htm

rium raum kirjoitti:

j ja y ovat yksi sama kirjain

ovat puhunkin nyt radikaaleista, heprean juurikirjaimista. Ne ovat näissä sanoissa eri. YHWH (Jahve) ja Jeshua eivät siis johdu samasta juuresta. YHWH on he vav he , jod ei ole juurikirjain, Jeshua jod shin 'ajin, vav ei ole juurikirjain.

diudai kirjoitti:

yeshua
yeshva
yehova
yehva
yahweh
jahvé
jeshua
joshua
Noita muunnoksia on paljon...

jeshua , jehoshua, jesha jne tulevat eri juuresta kuin Jahve. Jehova ei ole mikään heprean muoto, vaan keinotekoinen sana "lausumo" vai miksi sitä pitäisi nimittää, vokaalit on siinä tahallisesti muutettu.

ateisti-45 kirjoitti:

jeshua , jehoshua, jesha jne tulevat eri juuresta kuin Jahve. Jehova ei ole mikään heprean muoto, vaan keinotekoinen sana "lausumo" vai miksi sitä pitäisi nimittää, vokaalit on siinä tahallisesti muutettu.

Latin is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, which means that it is related to Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, Greek, Russian, German, Swedish, Gaelic and English, along with many other ancient and modern languages. Half of the people on earth today speak an Indo-European language.

Latin belongs to the Italic subfamily of Indo-European. The Italic subfamily is divided into two groups: an ancient group which includes Latin, and a modern group comprising the Romance languages which grew out of Latin.

The ancient, or non-Romance, group consists of two subgroups.
   1) Latin-Faliscan
   2) Oscan-Umbrian

The modern, or Romance, group also consists of two subgroups.

1) Eastern Romance

(Romanian and Rhaeto-Romanic)
   2) Western Romance
      (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal and Catalan)

Preliterary Latin (800 BC - 240 BC)

Latin was the language of Latium, the central Italian region around Rome. While the prehistoric inhabitants of this region (Ligurians or Sicels) did not speak Latin, by historical times it was occupied by the Latini, a mixed population of Bronze and Iron Age invaders who lived in independent settlements joined by religious and political leagues. Out of this mixture of cultures, symbolized by the legendary Rape of the Sabine Women, the language known as Latin developed at Rome, whence it spread by conquest to the other communities of Latium by 338 BC and to much of the rest of Italy by 275 BC.

Many other languages were spoken in the Italian peninsula, and they had an influence on the development of Latin. There were other Italic dialects, the most important being Umbrian (in the northern part of Italy), Oscan (in the south) and Faliscan (spoken to the north of Rome). The written evidence for these dialects is limited, but Faliscan is known to be closely related to Latin, while Oscan and Umbrian are usually grouped together as two dialects belonging to a separate Osco-Umbrian language. The language of the Sabines was Osco-Umbrian, and probably contributed to the Latin vocabulary such words as bûfô (toad), dîrus (awful), and rôbîgô (rust).

There were also non-Italic dialects, the most important being Celtic and Etruscan in the north and Greek in the south.

The Etruscans established themselves in Etruria (modern Tuscany, the region around Florence) in the 8th century BC. The mysterious Etruscan language appears not to have been Indo-European, although it was written in a modified version of the Greek alphabet. The Etruscan alphabet in turn was adapted for writing Latin, Oscan and Umbrian.

The Etruscan empire expanded until it reached from the Po River in the north down to Campania (the region around modern Naples) in the south. This expansion was checked in the fifth century by Celtic invasions in the north and Roman and Samnite repulsions in the south. In the 6th century, however, Etruscan monarchs ruled at Rome, and they left a number of words behind them, such as histriô (actor), mîles (soldier) and servus (servant). The greatest influence was on Roman names. The combination of praenomen, nomen and cognomen is of Etruscan origin, as are many of the best-known names of Rome, like Cicero and Cato.

The Greeks began colonizing southern Italy in the 8th century BC. At this early period their language had an indirect effect on Rome by means of Etruscan intermediaries. Greek loanwords dating back before the 4th century BC include balneum (bath), phalerae (military ornaments), and talentum (a monetary measure of silver).

The Celts invaded northern Italy at the end of the 5th century BC, pushing back the Etruscans and the Umbrians. Rome was sacked by the Gauls (a Celtic tribe) in 390 BC. The invading Gauls were absorbed by the local populations, but left a number of words behind them in Latin, most of them relating to horsemanship and war, e.g., carrus (wagon), parma (light shield) and sagum (tunic).

Archaic Latin (240 BC - 80 BC)

A few inscriptions date back as far as 600 BC, but as a written language, Latin came into existence around 240 BC with the tragedies of Livius Andronicus and his influential Latin adaptation of the Odyssey. This was the beginning of the Archaic Period, whose best-known works are the plays of Plautus and Terence. Other important writers of this period include the dramatists (and epic poets) Ennius and Naevius, and the satirist Lucilius.

As might be expected during a period when poets were writing for the stage (or satirizing the conversations of their peers), the written language was closer to the daily spoken language (the sermo cotidianus) than it was in later periods. Archaic Latin literature is characterized by colloquial features such as a very loose sentence structure, frequent interjections, numerous diminutive forms, and the liberal use of Greek words and phrases.

It must be borne in mind, however, that while literary Latin often reflected the language spoken in everyday life, it never reproduced it directly. In every period of Roman history, literature was considered to be an art, and art necessarily involved artifice. In other words, the language was always filtered through the conventions imposed by the literary genre in which the writer happened to working, whether it was theater or history or letter-writing.

Classical Latin (80 BC - 130 AD)

Roman conquests in Gaul (modern France) and Hispania (modern Spain) spread the Latin language beyond Italy during this period. At the same time, Greek had a direct influence on the written and spoken language of upper-class Romans who could afford to send their sons away to Athens for the equivalent of a college education.

The Golden Age of Latin literature extended from the beginning of Cicero's literary career to the death of Augustus (80 BC to 14 AD). In this period, as the written language became highly artificial, Latin literature reached its greatest heights. The apogee of Latin prose came with the writings of Cicero and Caesar during the Ciceronian Period (80 to 43 BC). During the following Augustan Period (43 BC to 14 AD), Latin poetry culminated in the great works of Vergil, Horace and Ovid.

The Silver Age (14 AD to 130 AD), lasting until the death of Juvenal, brought a reaction against the artificial language of the Golden Age. Freedom of expression replaced the earlier formalism, and the written language was enriched with elements from the colloquial language of everyday life. The outstanding writers of this period include the poets Martial and Juvenal, the historians Tacitus and Suetonius, and the philosophical writers Seneca and Pliny.

Post-Classical Latin (130 AD - 600 AD)

The Post-Classical Period, from 130 AD to 600 AD, witnessed many changes in the Latin language There were two main processes involved in this change.

1) Latin absorbed linguistic elements from the provinces.
   2) Christians began producing a coherent body of literature.

Vulgar Latin is the name given to the language spoken by the largely illiterate soldiers and traders who extended Rome's empire, as opposed to the language spoken by the upper classes at Rome. Vulgar Latin was influenced in various ways by the languages of occupied territories, and the process of differentiation was underway which would culminate centuries later in the independent development of the modern Romance languages. Among the distinguishing features of Vulgar Latin were the loss of the neuter gender, the use of prepositional phrases to replace declensional cases, and the use of ille as the definite article and ûnus as the indefinite article.

In their efforts to reach the common people, Christian writers brought literary Latin into closer proximity with Vulgar Latin. Jerome's version of the Bible (the Vulgate) around 400 BC served as the great bridge between the two. His contribution is often misunderstood. Jerome was a brilliant classical scholar with an ear for the classical Latin of Cicero and the Golden Age. Far from trying to popularize the Bible by downgrading its language to the colloquial level, he in fact set out to give a more literary form to the scattered Biblical passages in Vulgar Latin that were circulating in the Christian community. At the same time, however, Christian writers like Augustine were deliberately abandoning classical ideals and the elegant Ciceronian style.

Medieval Latin (600 AD - 1350 AD)

After 600 AD, Latin split into two separate streams. On the one hand, there was the language used in the universities and the Church. This language of the medieval scholars and clerics was based on post-classical literary Latin and became increasingly artificial over time. It was used in daily spoken communication, though, as well as for written documents.

On the other hand, there were the dialects spoken by people in the common course of life. These Latin dialects developed independently in different regions to give rise to the modern Romance languages: Spanish, French, Portuguese, Provençal, Catalan, Italian, Romanian and Rhaeto-Romanic (Romansh, Ladin and Friulian).

Modern Latin (1350 AD - Present)

The great Italian poet and classical scholar Francesco Petrarca (1304-74) changed the nature of literary Latin by ignoring the language as it had been handed down through the medieval period and taking the Golden Age style of Cicero as his model. He wrote a number of influential works in Latin which he considered to be of more importance than his beautiful Italian poetry.

For centuries, Latin continued to be spoken and written in the universities and the Roman Catholic Church. Latin was also the language of international diplomacy until French replaced it in the 17th century. As late as the 19th century, Latin was still being used in scholarly and scientific writings intended for an international audience, and it was spoken on a daily basis by university students and teachers in South America, among other places. Today, Latin survives as a living language in Vatican City, where it is the official tongue.

Latin is not a "dead" language, then, although the 20th century has tried to kill it off. There is no question that English has thoroughly supplanted Latin as the lingua franca of politics, science and culture. But English contains so many Latin words and phrases that the rumors of Latin's ultimate demise should be taken cum grano salis.

IESVS kirjoitti:

Latin is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, which means that it is related to Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, Greek, Russian, German, Swedish, Gaelic and English, along with many other ancient and modern languages. Half of the people on earth today speak an Indo-European language.

Latin belongs to the Italic subfamily of Indo-European. The Italic subfamily is divided into two groups: an ancient group which includes Latin, and a modern group comprising the Romance languages which grew out of Latin.

The ancient, or non-Romance, group consists of two subgroups.
   1) Latin-Faliscan
   2) Oscan-Umbrian

The modern, or Romance, group also consists of two subgroups.

1) Eastern Romance

(Romanian and Rhaeto-Romanic)
   2) Western Romance
      (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal and Catalan)

Preliterary Latin (800 BC - 240 BC)

Latin was the language of Latium, the central Italian region around Rome. While the prehistoric inhabitants of this region (Ligurians or Sicels) did not speak Latin, by historical times it was occupied by the Latini, a mixed population of Bronze and Iron Age invaders who lived in independent settlements joined by religious and political leagues. Out of this mixture of cultures, symbolized by the legendary Rape of the Sabine Women, the language known as Latin developed at Rome, whence it spread by conquest to the other communities of Latium by 338 BC and to much of the rest of Italy by 275 BC.

Many other languages were spoken in the Italian peninsula, and they had an influence on the development of Latin. There were other Italic dialects, the most important being Umbrian (in the northern part of Italy), Oscan (in the south) and Faliscan (spoken to the north of Rome). The written evidence for these dialects is limited, but Faliscan is known to be closely related to Latin, while Oscan and Umbrian are usually grouped together as two dialects belonging to a separate Osco-Umbrian language. The language of the Sabines was Osco-Umbrian, and probably contributed to the Latin vocabulary such words as bûfô (toad), dîrus (awful), and rôbîgô (rust).

There were also non-Italic dialects, the most important being Celtic and Etruscan in the north and Greek in the south.

The Etruscans established themselves in Etruria (modern Tuscany, the region around Florence) in the 8th century BC. The mysterious Etruscan language appears not to have been Indo-European, although it was written in a modified version of the Greek alphabet. The Etruscan alphabet in turn was adapted for writing Latin, Oscan and Umbrian.

The Etruscan empire expanded until it reached from the Po River in the north down to Campania (the region around modern Naples) in the south. This expansion was checked in the fifth century by Celtic invasions in the north and Roman and Samnite repulsions in the south. In the 6th century, however, Etruscan monarchs ruled at Rome, and they left a number of words behind them, such as histriô (actor), mîles (soldier) and servus (servant). The greatest influence was on Roman names. The combination of praenomen, nomen and cognomen is of Etruscan origin, as are many of the best-known names of Rome, like Cicero and Cato.

The Greeks began colonizing southern Italy in the 8th century BC. At this early period their language had an indirect effect on Rome by means of Etruscan intermediaries. Greek loanwords dating back before the 4th century BC include balneum (bath), phalerae (military ornaments), and talentum (a monetary measure of silver).

The Celts invaded northern Italy at the end of the 5th century BC, pushing back the Etruscans and the Umbrians. Rome was sacked by the Gauls (a Celtic tribe) in 390 BC. The invading Gauls were absorbed by the local populations, but left a number of words behind them in Latin, most of them relating to horsemanship and war, e.g., carrus (wagon), parma (light shield) and sagum (tunic).

Archaic Latin (240 BC - 80 BC)

A few inscriptions date back as far as 600 BC, but as a written language, Latin came into existence around 240 BC with the tragedies of Livius Andronicus and his influential Latin adaptation of the Odyssey. This was the beginning of the Archaic Period, whose best-known works are the plays of Plautus and Terence. Other important writers of this period include the dramatists (and epic poets) Ennius and Naevius, and the satirist Lucilius.

As might be expected during a period when poets were writing for the stage (or satirizing the conversations of their peers), the written language was closer to the daily spoken language (the sermo cotidianus) than it was in later periods. Archaic Latin literature is characterized by colloquial features such as a very loose sentence structure, frequent interjections, numerous diminutive forms, and the liberal use of Greek words and phrases.

It must be borne in mind, however, that while literary Latin often reflected the language spoken in everyday life, it never reproduced it directly. In every period of Roman history, literature was considered to be an art, and art necessarily involved artifice. In other words, the language was always filtered through the conventions imposed by the literary genre in which the writer happened to working, whether it was theater or history or letter-writing.

Classical Latin (80 BC - 130 AD)

Roman conquests in Gaul (modern France) and Hispania (modern Spain) spread the Latin language beyond Italy during this period. At the same time, Greek had a direct influence on the written and spoken language of upper-class Romans who could afford to send their sons away to Athens for the equivalent of a college education.

The Golden Age of Latin literature extended from the beginning of Cicero's literary career to the death of Augustus (80 BC to 14 AD). In this period, as the written language became highly artificial, Latin literature reached its greatest heights. The apogee of Latin prose came with the writings of Cicero and Caesar during the Ciceronian Period (80 to 43 BC). During the following Augustan Period (43 BC to 14 AD), Latin poetry culminated in the great works of Vergil, Horace and Ovid.

The Silver Age (14 AD to 130 AD), lasting until the death of Juvenal, brought a reaction against the artificial language of the Golden Age. Freedom of expression replaced the earlier formalism, and the written language was enriched with elements from the colloquial language of everyday life. The outstanding writers of this period include the poets Martial and Juvenal, the historians Tacitus and Suetonius, and the philosophical writers Seneca and Pliny.

Post-Classical Latin (130 AD - 600 AD)

The Post-Classical Period, from 130 AD to 600 AD, witnessed many changes in the Latin language There were two main processes involved in this change.

1) Latin absorbed linguistic elements from the provinces.
   2) Christians began producing a coherent body of literature.

Vulgar Latin is the name given to the language spoken by the largely illiterate soldiers and traders who extended Rome's empire, as opposed to the language spoken by the upper classes at Rome. Vulgar Latin was influenced in various ways by the languages of occupied territories, and the process of differentiation was underway which would culminate centuries later in the independent development of the modern Romance languages. Among the distinguishing features of Vulgar Latin were the loss of the neuter gender, the use of prepositional phrases to replace declensional cases, and the use of ille as the definite article and ûnus as the indefinite article.

In their efforts to reach the common people, Christian writers brought literary Latin into closer proximity with Vulgar Latin. Jerome's version of the Bible (the Vulgate) around 400 BC served as the great bridge between the two. His contribution is often misunderstood. Jerome was a brilliant classical scholar with an ear for the classical Latin of Cicero and the Golden Age. Far from trying to popularize the Bible by downgrading its language to the colloquial level, he in fact set out to give a more literary form to the scattered Biblical passages in Vulgar Latin that were circulating in the Christian community. At the same time, however, Christian writers like Augustine were deliberately abandoning classical ideals and the elegant Ciceronian style.

Medieval Latin (600 AD - 1350 AD)

After 600 AD, Latin split into two separate streams. On the one hand, there was the language used in the universities and the Church. This language of the medieval scholars and clerics was based on post-classical literary Latin and became increasingly artificial over time. It was used in daily spoken communication, though, as well as for written documents.

On the other hand, there were the dialects spoken by people in the common course of life. These Latin dialects developed independently in different regions to give rise to the modern Romance languages: Spanish, French, Portuguese, Provençal, Catalan, Italian, Romanian and Rhaeto-Romanic (Romansh, Ladin and Friulian).

Modern Latin (1350 AD - Present)

The great Italian poet and classical scholar Francesco Petrarca (1304-74) changed the nature of literary Latin by ignoring the language as it had been handed down through the medieval period and taking the Golden Age style of Cicero as his model. He wrote a number of influential works in Latin which he considered to be of more importance than his beautiful Italian poetry.

For centuries, Latin continued to be spoken and written in the universities and the Roman Catholic Church. Latin was also the language of international diplomacy until French replaced it in the 17th century. As late as the 19th century, Latin was still being used in scholarly and scientific writings intended for an international audience, and it was spoken on a daily basis by university students and teachers in South America, among other places. Today, Latin survives as a living language in Vatican City, where it is the official tongue.

Latin is not a "dead" language, then, although the 20th century has tried to kill it off. There is no question that English has thoroughly supplanted Latin as the lingua franca of politics, science and culture. But English contains so many Latin words and phrases that the rumors of Latin's ultimate demise should be taken cum grano salis.

latinaa vaan hepreaa.

ateisti-45 kirjoitti:

latinaa vaan hepreaa.

niin..IESUS-> IESVS -> JESUS-> JEESUS

kielitieteilijä kirjoitti:

niin..IESUS-> IESVS -> JESUS-> JEESUS

UT kirjoitettiin alunperin kreikaksi.

skeptikko kirjoitti:

UT kirjoitettiin alunperin kreikaksi.

tekee heprealaisista nimistä kreikkalaisia?

ateisti-45 kirjoitti:

tekee heprealaisista nimistä kreikkalaisia?

http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html

kielitieteilijä kirjoitti:

http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html

http://kotoistus.fi/kop_kielten-nimet.html

lisäys edelliseen kirjoitti:

http://kotoistus.fi/kop_kielten-nimet.html

http://tsion.paulistana.org.br/matyah01.htm

Miriamin poika Ieshua

Voisikos sitten sukunimi Jahunen olla samaa juurta? Tiedän ainakin yhden Jahusen joka on myös aika jehu...



???

kielitieteilijä kirjoitti:

niin..IESUS-> IESVS -> JESUS-> JEESUS

Nuo kreikkalaiset aakkosethan on meidän aakkosten kanssa ihan sekaisin....

(nyy)v = n
v:n mallinen ypsilon (Y) =u
Psii=Y

http://users.evtek.fi/~anttiv/files/kreikkalaiset_aakkoset.pdf

IESVS kirjoitti:

Latin is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, which means that it is related to Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, Greek, Russian, German, Swedish, Gaelic and English, along with many other ancient and modern languages. Half of the people on earth today speak an Indo-European language.

Latin belongs to the Italic subfamily of Indo-European. The Italic subfamily is divided into two groups: an ancient group which includes Latin, and a modern group comprising the Romance languages which grew out of Latin.

The ancient, or non-Romance, group consists of two subgroups.
   1) Latin-Faliscan
   2) Oscan-Umbrian

The modern, or Romance, group also consists of two subgroups.

1) Eastern Romance

(Romanian and Rhaeto-Romanic)
   2) Western Romance
      (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal and Catalan)

Preliterary Latin (800 BC - 240 BC)

Latin was the language of Latium, the central Italian region around Rome. While the prehistoric inhabitants of this region (Ligurians or Sicels) did not speak Latin, by historical times it was occupied by the Latini, a mixed population of Bronze and Iron Age invaders who lived in independent settlements joined by religious and political leagues. Out of this mixture of cultures, symbolized by the legendary Rape of the Sabine Women, the language known as Latin developed at Rome, whence it spread by conquest to the other communities of Latium by 338 BC and to much of the rest of Italy by 275 BC.

Many other languages were spoken in the Italian peninsula, and they had an influence on the development of Latin. There were other Italic dialects, the most important being Umbrian (in the northern part of Italy), Oscan (in the south) and Faliscan (spoken to the north of Rome). The written evidence for these dialects is limited, but Faliscan is known to be closely related to Latin, while Oscan and Umbrian are usually grouped together as two dialects belonging to a separate Osco-Umbrian language. The language of the Sabines was Osco-Umbrian, and probably contributed to the Latin vocabulary such words as bûfô (toad), dîrus (awful), and rôbîgô (rust).

There were also non-Italic dialects, the most important being Celtic and Etruscan in the north and Greek in the south.

The Etruscans established themselves in Etruria (modern Tuscany, the region around Florence) in the 8th century BC. The mysterious Etruscan language appears not to have been Indo-European, although it was written in a modified version of the Greek alphabet. The Etruscan alphabet in turn was adapted for writing Latin, Oscan and Umbrian.

The Etruscan empire expanded until it reached from the Po River in the north down to Campania (the region around modern Naples) in the south. This expansion was checked in the fifth century by Celtic invasions in the north and Roman and Samnite repulsions in the south. In the 6th century, however, Etruscan monarchs ruled at Rome, and they left a number of words behind them, such as histriô (actor), mîles (soldier) and servus (servant). The greatest influence was on Roman names. The combination of praenomen, nomen and cognomen is of Etruscan origin, as are many of the best-known names of Rome, like Cicero and Cato.

The Greeks began colonizing southern Italy in the 8th century BC. At this early period their language had an indirect effect on Rome by means of Etruscan intermediaries. Greek loanwords dating back before the 4th century BC include balneum (bath), phalerae (military ornaments), and talentum (a monetary measure of silver).

The Celts invaded northern Italy at the end of the 5th century BC, pushing back the Etruscans and the Umbrians. Rome was sacked by the Gauls (a Celtic tribe) in 390 BC. The invading Gauls were absorbed by the local populations, but left a number of words behind them in Latin, most of them relating to horsemanship and war, e.g., carrus (wagon), parma (light shield) and sagum (tunic).

Archaic Latin (240 BC - 80 BC)

A few inscriptions date back as far as 600 BC, but as a written language, Latin came into existence around 240 BC with the tragedies of Livius Andronicus and his influential Latin adaptation of the Odyssey. This was the beginning of the Archaic Period, whose best-known works are the plays of Plautus and Terence. Other important writers of this period include the dramatists (and epic poets) Ennius and Naevius, and the satirist Lucilius.

As might be expected during a period when poets were writing for the stage (or satirizing the conversations of their peers), the written language was closer to the daily spoken language (the sermo cotidianus) than it was in later periods. Archaic Latin literature is characterized by colloquial features such as a very loose sentence structure, frequent interjections, numerous diminutive forms, and the liberal use of Greek words and phrases.

It must be borne in mind, however, that while literary Latin often reflected the language spoken in everyday life, it never reproduced it directly. In every period of Roman history, literature was considered to be an art, and art necessarily involved artifice. In other words, the language was always filtered through the conventions imposed by the literary genre in which the writer happened to working, whether it was theater or history or letter-writing.

Classical Latin (80 BC - 130 AD)

Roman conquests in Gaul (modern France) and Hispania (modern Spain) spread the Latin language beyond Italy during this period. At the same time, Greek had a direct influence on the written and spoken language of upper-class Romans who could afford to send their sons away to Athens for the equivalent of a college education.

The Golden Age of Latin literature extended from the beginning of Cicero's literary career to the death of Augustus (80 BC to 14 AD). In this period, as the written language became highly artificial, Latin literature reached its greatest heights. The apogee of Latin prose came with the writings of Cicero and Caesar during the Ciceronian Period (80 to 43 BC). During the following Augustan Period (43 BC to 14 AD), Latin poetry culminated in the great works of Vergil, Horace and Ovid.

The Silver Age (14 AD to 130 AD), lasting until the death of Juvenal, brought a reaction against the artificial language of the Golden Age. Freedom of expression replaced the earlier formalism, and the written language was enriched with elements from the colloquial language of everyday life. The outstanding writers of this period include the poets Martial and Juvenal, the historians Tacitus and Suetonius, and the philosophical writers Seneca and Pliny.

Post-Classical Latin (130 AD - 600 AD)

The Post-Classical Period, from 130 AD to 600 AD, witnessed many changes in the Latin language There were two main processes involved in this change.

1) Latin absorbed linguistic elements from the provinces.
   2) Christians began producing a coherent body of literature.

Vulgar Latin is the name given to the language spoken by the largely illiterate soldiers and traders who extended Rome's empire, as opposed to the language spoken by the upper classes at Rome. Vulgar Latin was influenced in various ways by the languages of occupied territories, and the process of differentiation was underway which would culminate centuries later in the independent development of the modern Romance languages. Among the distinguishing features of Vulgar Latin were the loss of the neuter gender, the use of prepositional phrases to replace declensional cases, and the use of ille as the definite article and ûnus as the indefinite article.

In their efforts to reach the common people, Christian writers brought literary Latin into closer proximity with Vulgar Latin. Jerome's version of the Bible (the Vulgate) around 400 BC served as the great bridge between the two. His contribution is often misunderstood. Jerome was a brilliant classical scholar with an ear for the classical Latin of Cicero and the Golden Age. Far from trying to popularize the Bible by downgrading its language to the colloquial level, he in fact set out to give a more literary form to the scattered Biblical passages in Vulgar Latin that were circulating in the Christian community. At the same time, however, Christian writers like Augustine were deliberately abandoning classical ideals and the elegant Ciceronian style.

Medieval Latin (600 AD - 1350 AD)

After 600 AD, Latin split into two separate streams. On the one hand, there was the language used in the universities and the Church. This language of the medieval scholars and clerics was based on post-classical literary Latin and became increasingly artificial over time. It was used in daily spoken communication, though, as well as for written documents.

On the other hand, there were the dialects spoken by people in the common course of life. These Latin dialects developed independently in different regions to give rise to the modern Romance languages: Spanish, French, Portuguese, Provençal, Catalan, Italian, Romanian and Rhaeto-Romanic (Romansh, Ladin and Friulian).

Modern Latin (1350 AD - Present)

The great Italian poet and classical scholar Francesco Petrarca (1304-74) changed the nature of literary Latin by ignoring the language as it had been handed down through the medieval period and taking the Golden Age style of Cicero as his model. He wrote a number of influential works in Latin which he considered to be of more importance than his beautiful Italian poetry.

For centuries, Latin continued to be spoken and written in the universities and the Roman Catholic Church. Latin was also the language of international diplomacy until French replaced it in the 17th century. As late as the 19th century, Latin was still being used in scholarly and scientific writings intended for an international audience, and it was spoken on a daily basis by university students and teachers in South America, among other places. Today, Latin survives as a living language in Vatican City, where it is the official tongue.

Latin is not a "dead" language, then, although the 20th century has tried to kill it off. There is no question that English has thoroughly supplanted Latin as the lingua franca of politics, science and culture. But English contains so many Latin words and phrases that the rumors of Latin's ultimate demise should be taken cum grano salis.

http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinalaiset_kirjaimet

heprealainen nimi kirjoitetu "oikein" kreikkalaisin kirjaimin. Suomennos on edelleen Juha, jos ei Jussi kerran kelpaa. Jussi olisi kyllä helpompi kirjoittaa kreikaksikin, jos taas tarvitsee, eihän sitä koskaan tiedä...

ateisti-45 kirjoitti:

heprealainen nimi kirjoitetu "oikein" kreikkalaisin kirjaimin. Suomennos on edelleen Juha, jos ei Jussi kerran kelpaa. Jussi olisi kyllä helpompi kirjoittaa kreikaksikin, jos taas tarvitsee, eihän sitä koskaan tiedä...

siinä esiinty kreikkalainen eeta, jota "vastaa" suomalainen h

Joshua kirjoitti:

siinä esiinty kreikkalainen eeta, jota "vastaa" suomalainen h

http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/b-greek/2002-October/022882.html

Joshua kirjoitti:

siinä esiinty kreikkalainen eeta, jota "vastaa" suomalainen h

Juha sitten prkl... vaikka kyllä suomen s-kirjain (esim. juuri nimessä Jussi) on lähempänä heprean sh-kirjainta (=JeSHua), mutta annan nyt tällä kertaa vastoin tapojani periksi.

vaikeaaa kirjoitti:

http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/b-greek/2002-October/022882.html

http://www.oph.fi/etalukio/opiskelumodulit/espanja/K1/Ohj1/aant.html

"Englanti EU:n yhteiseksi
käyttökieleksi?
http://www.interlingua.fi/kloptio.htm


Englanti sopii huonosti manner-Euroopan kieleksi. Englantia kohtasi keski- ja uuden ajan vaihteessa joukko onnettomuuksia. Sen vokaalisysteemi romahti, kieli diftongoitui ("site" äännetään sait eikä site jne.), eikä sen foneemien (äänteet) ja grafeemien (kirjainmerkistö) välillä ole enää mitään järkevää yhteyttä. Kaiken lisäksi englannin vokaalien ääntäminen on epäselvää, heikkoa ja sameata jos sitä verrataan useimpien mannereurooppalaisten kielten ääntämiseen, joka on vielä suhteellisen lähellä klassista latinaa. Jos amerikkalainen kysyy lappilaisen baaritiskin äärellä: "Where are you from?" ja saa vastaukseksi: "Öhöm, I am from Ivalo", hän ajattelee itsekseen, "Oh, the guy is from Eevahloh". Jenkki haluaa kuitenkin varmistaa: "Would you spell it, please?" "Ai, vii, ei, el, ou!". Häkeltyneenä amerikkalainen epäilemättä pyytää jänkhän poikaa vielä kirjoittamaan osoitteensa. Nähtyään sanan kirjoitettuna hän riemastuu: "Öu, ai sii, juu aa(r) from Aivölöu!" "

dasfkjfdagfcvxzc kirjoitti:

"Englanti EU:n yhteiseksi
käyttökieleksi?
http://www.interlingua.fi/kloptio.htm


Englanti sopii huonosti manner-Euroopan kieleksi. Englantia kohtasi keski- ja uuden ajan vaihteessa joukko onnettomuuksia. Sen vokaalisysteemi romahti, kieli diftongoitui ("site" äännetään sait eikä site jne.), eikä sen foneemien (äänteet) ja grafeemien (kirjainmerkistö) välillä ole enää mitään järkevää yhteyttä. Kaiken lisäksi englannin vokaalien ääntäminen on epäselvää, heikkoa ja sameata jos sitä verrataan useimpien mannereurooppalaisten kielten ääntämiseen, joka on vielä suhteellisen lähellä klassista latinaa. Jos amerikkalainen kysyy lappilaisen baaritiskin äärellä: "Where are you from?" ja saa vastaukseksi: "Öhöm, I am from Ivalo", hän ajattelee itsekseen, "Oh, the guy is from Eevahloh". Jenkki haluaa kuitenkin varmistaa: "Would you spell it, please?" "Ai, vii, ei, el, ou!". Häkeltyneenä amerikkalainen epäilemättä pyytää jänkhän poikaa vielä kirjoittamaan osoitteensa. Nähtyään sanan kirjoitettuna hän riemastuu: "Öu, ai sii, juu aa(r) from Aivölöu!" "

http://www.google.fi/search?hl=fi&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=german official language usa&spell=1

saksa ois ollu parempi