hiukka historiaa

jehudi kirjoitti:

1400 - 1962

15th-19th Century

Palestine under Ottoman rule as part of (southern) Syria.


1851

The area of northwest Trans-Jordan, from the Yarmuk to the Zarqa' rivers organised as the qada' of Ajlun with its capital at Irbid and attached to the mutasarrifiyya of the Hawran in Syria.


1876

First Ottoman parliament convened in Constantinople and the first Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem elected.


1880

Ottoman administration created mutasarrifiyya of Jerusalem.


1881

Nov.: Ottoman government announces permission for foreign (non-Ottoman) Jews to settle throughout Ottoman Empire excl. Palestine.


1882

Baron Edmond de Rothschild of Paris begins financial backing of Jewish colonisation in Palestine. Beginning of the first wave of Zionist mass immigration to Palestine.
July: Ottoman government adopts policy: allows Jewish pilgrims and business-people to visit Palestine but not to settle.


1884

March: Ottoman government decides to close Palestine to foreign (non-Ottoman) Jewish business but not to Jewish pilgrims.


1888

May: European powers press Ottoman government to allow foreign (non-Ottoman) Jews to settle in Palestine provided they do so singly and not in masses.


1891

The first Palestinian protest against Zionist aims.


1892

Novr: Ottoman government forbids sale of state land to foreign (non-Ottoman) Jews in Palestine.


1893

April: European powers presses Ottoman government to permit Jews legally residing in Palestine to buy land provided they establish no colonies on it.


1896

Publication of "Der Judenstaat" by Austrian Zionist leader Theodor Herzl, advocating creation of Jewish state in Argentina or Palestine. Ottoman Sultan Abd-al Hamid II rejects Herzl's proposal that Palestine be granted to the Jews: "I cannot give away any part of it (the Empire) ... I will not agree to vivisection."


1897

Aug.: First Zionist Congress, meeting in Basel, Switzerland, issues the Basel Program on Colonization of Palestine and establishes the World Zionist Organization (WZO). In response to First Zionist Congress, Abd-al Hamid II initiates policy of sending members of his own palace staff to govern province of Jerusalem.


1898

- A section of old city wall was removed to facilitate the entrance of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and his entourage on their visit to Jerusalem.
- Arabic press reacts to First Zionist Congress. The Cairo journal "Al-Manar" warns that Zionism aims to take possession of Palestine.


1900

Keren Keyemeth (Jewish National Fund) founded as land-acquisition organ of WZO with the function of acquiring land in Palestine to be inalienably Jewish with exclusively Jewish labour employed on it.


1904

Publication of "Le Reveil de la Nation Arabe", by Najib Azoury, warning of Zionist political aims in Palestine.


1908

Palestinian journal "Al-Karmil" founded in Haifa for the purpose of opposing Zionist colonisation.


1910

Arabic newspapers in Beirut, Damascus and Haifa express opposition to Zionist land acquisition in Palestine.
-Arab Women's organization founded in Jaffa.


1911

Jan.: Palestinian journalist Najib Nassar publishes first book in Arabic on Zionism, entitled "Zionism: Its History, Objectives and Importance".
Feb.: Palestinian newspaper "Filastin" begins addressing its readers as "Palestinians" and it warns them about consequences of Zionist colonisation.


1913

First Arab Nationalist Congress meets in Paris.


1914

Aug. 1: Outbreak of World War I.
Nov. 5: The Ottoman state enters the war on the side of Germany.
Chaim Weizmann writes "... as a British dependency we could have in 20 to 30 years a million Jews out there - perhaps more, they would ... form a very effective guard for the Suez Canal."


1915

July 14: Correspondence begins between Sherif Hussein of Mecca and Sir Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner in Egypt.
Aug. 21: Jamal Pasha, Ottoman military governor, has the first group of martyrs of the Arab nationalist movement executed in Beirut.
- Herbert Samuel, future High Commissioner of Palestine, in a memorandum entitled `The Future of Palestine', proposes "... the British annexation of Palestine [where] we might plant 3 or 4 million European Jews."


1916

Jan. 30: Hussein-McMahon correspondence concluded with Arabs understanding it as ensuring postwar independence and the unity of Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire, include. Palestine.
May: Jamal Pasha has 21 Arab leaders and intellectuals, incl. 2 Palestinians, hanged in Beirut and Damascus.
May 16: The British and French Governments sign secret Sykes-Picot Agreement dividing Arab provinces of Ottoman Empire into French and British administered areas.
June 10: Sherif Hussein proclaims Arab independence from Ottoman rule on the basis of his correspondence with McMahon. Arab revolt against Constantinople begins.
Oct. 2: Sherif Hussein is proclaimed as "King of the Arab Countries" and performs the ceremony of the bai'a, the traditional Arab custom in which the investiture is accompanied by a formal declaration of allegiance.


1917

Aug.: Sir Edwin Montagu, the only Jewish member of the British Cabinet, writes in a secret memorandum: "Zionism has always seemed to me a mischievous political creed...it seems to be inconceivable... that Mr. Balfour should be authorised to say that Palestine was to be reconstituted as the national home for the Jewish people...I assume that it means that Mohammedans and Christians are to make way for the Jews, and that the Jews should be put in all positions of preference."

Nov. 2: British Foreign Sec. Arthur James Balfour sends letter (the Balfour Declaration) to Baron de Rothschild pledging British support for establishment of Jewish national home in Palestine.
Dec. 9: Surrender of Ottoman forces in Jerusalem to Allied forces under General Sir Edmund Allenby.


1918

May 8: First Islamic-Christian Association established in Yaffa; headed by Haj Ragheb Abu Suud Al-Dajani.
Oct. 3: Damascus captured by Arab forces under Amir Faisal.
Oct. 8: Beirut falls to General Allenby's forces.
Oct. 30: End of World War I.


1919

Jan.: Versailles Peace Conference decides that the conquered Arab provinces will not be restored to Ottoman rule.
Jan. 27-Feb. 10: First Palestinian National Congress meeting in Jerusalem sends 2 memoranda to Versailles rejecting Balfour Declaration and demanding independence.
June-July: Henry King and Charles Crane, US members of International Commission of Inquiry, proceed to Middle East alone after failure of Britain and France to join the Commission set up to examine the wishes of the people of Palestine. The findings of the King-Crane Commission were kept secret for 3 years and were not published until 1947.


1920

March: General Syrian Congress proclaims independence of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Transjordan, with Prince Faisal as king.
April: British remove Musa Kazim al-Husseini, mayor of Jerusalem, from office for opposing their pro-Zionist policies. San Remo Peace Conference assigns the Mandate for Palestine to Great Britain.
April 25: The San Remo Conference awards administration of the former Turkish territories of Syria and Lebanon to France and of Palestine and Transjordan and Mesopotamia (Iraq) to British.

May 15: Second Palestinian National Congress held in Damascus.
July 1: British civilian administration inaugurated; Sir Herbert Samuel appointed first High Commissioner.
Dec. 13-19: Third Palestinian National Congress, meeting in Haifa, elects Executive Committee which remains in control of Palestinian political movement from 1920-1935.


1921

Establishment of the Supreme Muslim Council; Haj Mohammed Amin al-Husseini appointed by the British as head of the Council

April: Prince Abdullah Ibn Hussein becomes Prince (Amir) of Trans-Jordan.
May 29-June 4: Fourth Palestinian National Congress, convening in Jerusalem, decides to send Palestinian delegation to London to explain Palestinian case against Balfour Declaration.
May 1: Outbreak of disturbances in Jaffa protesting against Zionist mass immigration.


1922

June 3: The British government issues White Paper on Palestine excl. Transjordan from scope of Balfour Declaration.
June 30: US Congress endorses Balfour Declaration.
July 24: League of Nations Council approves Mandate for Palestine without consent of Palestinians.
Aug. 20: Fifth Palestinian National Congress, meeting in Nablus, agrees to economic boycott of Zionists.
Oct.: First British census of Palestine shows total population of 757,182 (11% Jewish).


1923

Feb. 16: Sixth Palestinian National Congress, held in Yaffa
Sept. 29: British Mandate for Palestine comes officially into force.


1924

Al-Nahda Women's Association founded in Ramallah.



1925

Polish Zionist leader Vladimir Jabotinsky forms Revisionist Party with aim of "revising" Mandate to include colonisation of Transjordan.
Establishment of Palestinian Workers' Society (PAWS) as a moderate trade union movement led by Sami Taha.
March: Palestinian general strike to protest against private visit by Lord Balfour to Jerusalem.
Oct.: 6th Palestinian National Congress convened in Jaffa.


1928

June 20-27: Seventh Palestinian National Congress convened in Jerusalem; established a new 48-member Executive Committee.
Nov.: Islamic Conference, meeting in Jerusalem, demands protection of Muslim property rights at Wailing Wall, itself a Muslim holy site.


1929

Aug. 28-29: Palestinian uprising in several towns in reaction to militant demonstrations at Wailing Wall. At least 3 women martyrs: Jamila al-Ashqar, Aisha Abu Hassan, and Azzizeh Salameh.
Oct. 26: First Arab Women's Union in Palestine founded in Jerusalem, headed by Zalikha al-Shihabi.
Oct. 26-29: First Palestinian Arab Women's Conference held in Jerusalem with at least 300 in attendance and followed by a demonstration and a meeting with High Commissioner to protest British policy.


1930

March: British-appointed Shaw Commission of Inquiry reports on 1929 disturbances.
Oct.: Sir John Hope-Simpson appointed to inquire into problems of land settlement, immigration and development in Palestine.
Oct. 21: The MacDonald government published the Passfield White Paper, which stated: Jewish immigration and land purchases should stop.


1931

Nov. 18: Second British census of Palestine shows total population of 1,035,154 (16.9% Jewish).
Dec. 16: Pan-Islamic Congress held in Jerusalem and attended by 145 delegates from all parts of the Muslim World.


1932

January: First meeting of the Congress Executive of Nationalist Arab Youth held in Jaffa, chaired by Issa al-Bandak.
Aug. 2: Formation of Istiqlal (Independence) Party as first regularly constituted Palestinian political party; Awni Abdul-Hadi elected president.


1933

Establishment of the Arab Agricultural Bank to grant loans to fellahin (from the 1940s: called the Bank of the Arab Nation).
April 15: Arab women march to holy sites in protest of Lord Allenby's visit. Tarab Abdul Hadi speaks in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Matiel Mogannam in the Dome of the Rock mosque warning of the replacement oif Arab population of Palestine with Jewish immigrants.
Oct.: Riots in Jaffa and Jerusalem protesting against British pro-Zionist policies.


1934

Feb.: Special commission of inquiry reports on causes of 1933 disturbances.
Nov. 4: National Defence Party (al-Hizb al-Difa’a al-Watani) established in Jerusalem; chaired by Ragheb Nashashibi.
Dec 16: Last meeting of the Arab Executive Committee established at the 1928 Seventh Palestinian National Congress.

1935

March 27: Official establishment of the Palestine Arab Party (al-Hizb al-Arabi al-Filastini) in Jerusalem; Jamal al-Husseini elected as president.
May 10: Second meeting of the Congress Executive of Nationalist Arab Youth held in Haifa.
June 23: Announcement of The Reform Party (al-Hizb al-Islah) in Jenin; run by three secretaries: Hussein al-Khalidi, Mahmoud Abu Khadra, and Shibli al-Jamal.
Oct. 5: Announcement of formation of The National Bloc (al-Kutlah al-Wataniyah) in Nablus; led by elected Abdul Latif Salah.
Oct.: Irgun Zvai Leumi (National Military Organisation) founded by dissident members of Haganah; Jabotinsky named Commander-in-Chief.
Nov.: Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam, leading first Palestinian guerrilla group, dies in action against British security forces.


1936

Arab Women's Organization founded in Jenin.
April: Arab Higher Committee established.
April 16-18: Revolts all over Palestine, largest confrontations in Jaffa.
April 20-30: National Committees established in all Palestinian towns and large village. Great Rebellion begins.

May 8: Conference of all National Committees, meeting in Jerusalem, calls for no taxation without representation. General strike begins.
Oct. 29: The government of Iraq deposed by a military coup d'etat headed by Bakir Sidqi, an army officer. The new government - principally Hikmat Sulayman and Bakir Sidqi - hastens to deny allegations that their government not truly Arab, but Kurdish-Shi'ite.


1937

July 7: Publication of Royal (Peel) Commission's Report recommending partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states.
Sept.: Arab National Congress, held in Bludan, Syria, and attended by 450 delegates from Arab countries, rejects partition proposed by Peel Commission.
Oct. 1: British Mandate Government dissolves the Arab Higher Committee and all national Committees, deports six of its members.



1938

Jan.: Nuri Said, Prime Minister (PM) of Iraq, visits London with a plan for Middle East and Palestine envisaging an Iraqi-led Arab Federation, with Jews guaranteed minority rights inside Palestine as well as and the right to emigrate to any country within the Federation.
Oct. 15-18: Women's Conference in Cairo on the Question of Palestine attended by women from all over Palestine.
Nov. 9: Technical Commission of Inquiry, under chairmanship of Sir John Woodhead, publishes report stating impracticality of partition proposal by Peel.
July: Evian Conference called by Roosevelt to urge countries to receive Jews persecuted.


1939

Feb.: Round Table Conference on Palestine at St. James' Palace, London, followed by 1939 White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and land buying.
Feb. 23: Sadhij Nassar (wife of Najib Nassar, owner of Al-Karmel newspaper) is first woman arrested under British Defence Emergency Regulations, and held for 18 months.
May: The "MacDonald White Paper" disclaims any intention to create a Jewish state, and places restrictions on Jewish immigration and land purchase and envisages an independent state in Palestine within 10 years.
Sept. 3: Outbreak of World War II.


1940

Oct. 10: British Government authorises the Jewish Agency to recruit 10,000 Jews to form Jewish units within the British Army.
Nov. 25: British refuse illegal immigrant ship, the Patria, permission to dock in Palestine. Zionists sink the ship and 250 Jews drown.


1942

Jan.: Dr. Chaim Weizmann writes in "Foreign Affairs", urging the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine after the war.
May: Zionist Biltmore Conference, held at Biltmore Hotel in New York, formulates new policy of creating "Jewish Commonwealth" in Palestine and organising Jewish army.


1944

Nov. 6: Stern Gang assassinates Lord Walter Moyne, British resident Min. of State in Cairo.
Dec. 12-16: First Arab Women's Conference held in Cairo.


1945

March 22: Covenant of League of Arab States, emphasising Arab character of Palestine, signed in Cairo by Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan and Yemen.
June 26: United Nations (UN) established, San Francisco.
Aug. 31: Pres. Truman asks British PM Clement Attlee to grant immigration certificates allowing 100,000 Jews into Palestine.
Sept.: British government issues Defence Regulations authorising military rule in Palestine.
Dec.: The Arab League Council decides to boycott goods produced by Zionist firms in Palestine. A special office is established to prevent such goods from being smuggled into Arab countries.


1946

May: Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry publishes report on the admission of 150,000 Jewish immigrants into Palestine.
May: First Arab Summit meeting in Anshas, Egypt.
July 22: Irgun and Stern Gang Zionist groups blow up King David Hotel, Jerusalem.
July 24: British issue special White Paper on Terrorism in Palestine accusing Jewish Agency of being involved in acts of terrorism with Irgun and Stern Gangs.
July 31: Anglo-American Conference, meeting in London, proposes a federal scheme for solving the Palestine problem known as Morrison-Grady Plan.


1947

Feb. 18: British Foreign Sec. Ernest Bevin announces British submission of Palestine problem to UN.
April 4: The Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party founded in Damascus.
May 15: UN Special Session ends with the appointment of an 11-member Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), the 11th commission of inquiry appointed since 1919.
Sept. 8: Publication of UNSCOP report: the majority of members recommended partition, and a minority a federal solution.
Sept. 29: Arab Higher Committee for Palestine announces rejection of UN partition plan.
Oct. 2: Jewish Agency announces acceptance of UN partition plan.
Oct. 11: US endorses UN partition plan.
Oct. 13: Soviet Union endorses UN partition plan.
Nov. 29: UN Partition Res. 181 includes the recommendations that Jaffa be part of the proposed Palestinian state and that Jerusalem and Bethlehem be a corpus separatum under a special international regime administered by the Trusteeship Council on behalf of UN.


1948

April 8: Abd al-Qadir Husseini killed in counter-attack at Qastel, western suburb of Jerusalem, without any military reason or provocation of any kind.
April 9: Irgun and Stern Gangs lead by Menahem Begin and Yitzhaq Shamir massacre 245 Palestinians in the village of Deir Yassin, western suburb of Jerusalem.
April 11: Haganah destroy village of Kalonia near Qastel and occupy Deir Yassin.
April 30: All Palestinian quarters in West Jerusalem occupied by Haganah and Palestinians were driven out.
May 2: The Jewish Agency completes mobilisation of Jewish manpower.
May 13: UN appoints Count Folke Bernadotte as mediator to resolve conflict in Palestine.
May 14: State of Israel proclaimed in Tel-Aviv at 4:00 p.m.
May 15: British Mandate ends.
- The Arab States dispatch around 25,000 of their armed forces to Palestine.
- The Haganah, made up of 60,000 to 70,000 trained members become the backbone of the Israeli Army.
May 15-17: USA and USSR recognise Israel.
June 28: Bernadotte's first peace plan: Jerusalem to be Arab.
July 5: Ben-Gurion, replying to Moshe Sharett, with regard to allowing the return of Arabs to Jaffa: "The Prime Minister opposes the return of Arab residents to their localities so long as the fighting continues and the enemy is at our gates. The PM is of the opinion that only the cabinet as a whole can decide to alter this policy."
July 7: Mount Scopus area in Jerusalem divided into 3 sectors: a Jewish sector (incl. the Hadassah Hospital and Hebrew University, which were completely isolated from Israel); an Arab sector (the village of Issawiya); and a third sector incl. the Arab Augusta Victoria Hospital.
Sept. 1: Palestinian National Conference in Gaza. Formation of All-Palestine Government.
Sept. 17: UN Mediator Count Folke Bernadotte assassinated in Jerusalem.
Sept.: Ben-Gurion notifies Moshe Sharett that he was told by the commander of the central front that it would be necessary to destroy portions of 14 Arab villages lying east of Lod [Saffariyya, Haditha, Innaba, Daniel, Jimzu, Kafr Onno, Yahudiyya, Barfiliyya, Birya, Qubab, Beit Nabala, Deir Sherif, Tira, Qula], "because of the shortage of manpower to hold the area and to fortify it in depth it is urgently necessary to create defence bases ...."
Oct. 1: All-Palestine Government announces Palestinian independence.
Oct. 15: The recognition of the All-Palestine Government by Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia.
Dec. 1: Jericho conference composed of notables and mayors indicates the West Bank's approval of unity with Jordan.
Dec. 11: UN Gen. Assembly Res. 194 (III): the right of Palestinian refugees to return.
Dec. 20: Sheikh Hussam Addin Jarallah appointed Mufti of Jerusalem (replacing Haj Amin Husseini); Amin Abdul-Hadi appointed head of the Supreme Muslim Council in Jerusalem.


1949

Feb.-July: Armistice agreements signed in Rhodes, without prejudice to the settlement of the Palestine Question, between Israel and Egypt (24 February), Lebanon (23 March), Transjordan (3 April) and Syria (20 July).
May: Israel conditionally admitted to UN.
May 12: Lausanne Protocol, signed by Israeli and Arab delegates.
May 29: Pres. Truman sends Israel a note blaming it and protesting against its failure to make concessions at the Lausanne conference on the refugee and boundary issues.
June 31: US grants de jure recognition of the unification of the two banks of Jordan.
Nov. 14: All restrictions on movement from west to east of the river Jordan lifted.
Dec. 13: The west part of the City of Jerusalem declared the capital of Israel.
Dec. 19: UN Gen. Assembly Res. 303: Internationalisation of Jerusalem.


1950

March 14: Absentee Property Law; whereby any person who on 29 Nov. 1947 was a citizen or resident of the Arab States or who was a Palestinian citizen who had left his/her place of residence even if to take refuge within Palestine, is classified as an "absentee". Absentee property is vested in the custodian of absentee property who then "sells" it to the Development Authority authorised by the Knesset. The theft of the property of a million Arabs seized by Israel in 1948 is thus authorized.
April 24: Unification of the West Bank and Kingdom of Jordan; Gaza Strip comes under Egyptian administration.
April 27: British government recognises the union between West Bank and Jordan.
May 1: UN Gen. Assembly establishes UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency) based on Res. 302 of 3 Dec. 1949.
May 25: The United States (US) joins Britain and France in the Tripartite statement of policy, binding the 3 nations to oppose "the use of force between any states" in the area and to supply only those arms to Israel and Arab countries which needed for "legitimate self-defence".
July: "Law of Return" passed by Knesset whereby any Jew, from anywhere in the world, is entitled to full Israeli citizenship.
Sept. 1: Jordanian Dinar becomes the sole legal currency on both banks of Jordan.


1951

Jan. 2: King Abdullah appoints Ragheb Nashashibi as custodian of the Holy Places with cabinet rank. Government of All-Palestine established in Gaza.
July 20: King Abdullah assassinated in Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
Sept.: Yasser Arafat reorganizes the Palestinian Students' Union in Cairo.


1952

July 23: Egyptian Revolution.
Aug. 11: Talal of Jordan abdicates; Hussein proclaimed king.
- The Law of Nationality: affirms the Law of Return and legislates that resident non-Jews can acquire citizenship only on the basis of residence if they can prove they are Palestinian or by naturalisation. Palestinian Arabs remaining under Israeli occupation literally became foreigners in their own country as in the conditions of 1952 proving residence was in practice often impossible to fulfil. Most Arab residents had no proof of citizenship many having surrendered their identity cards to the Israeli army during or after the war.


1953

March 31: Dag Hammarskjold elected Sec.-Gen. of the UN.
Oct. 11: Ben-Gurion resigns Israeli premiership to be succeeded by Moshe Sharett.
Oct. 14: Israel, commanded by Ariel Sharon, attacks Qibia in the West Bank killing 53 Palestinians.
Dec.: USSR instructs new envoy to Israel to present his credentials in a formal call on the Israeli Pres. in West Jerusalem.


1954

July: Arrest of Israeli "spy ring" in Cairo and Alexandria.
March: Israeli attack on Nahalin village in the West Bank.


1955

Feb. 2-17: Pinhas Lavon, Israeli Defence Min., resigns.
Feb. 24: Baghdad Pact formally signed by Turkey and Iraq; Israeli army attacks Gaza and Khan Yunis.
Feb.: Jamal Abd el-Nasser forms the first Palestinian fedayeen unit in Egypt.
April: Conference of non-aligned states convened in Bandung, Indonesia.


1956

Feb. 29: King Hussein dismisses General Sir John Glubb, Commander of Arab Legion.
July 26: Pres. Nasser nationalises the Suez Canal.
Oct. 29: Israel, in collusion with Britain and France, invades Sinai Peninsula.
Oct. 31: Kfar Qassim Massacre.
Nov. 2: Israelis occupy Gaza and most of Sinai, attack Qalqilya in the West Bank and massacre villagers of Kafr Qasem in occupied Palestine.
Nov. 21-Dec. 6: Moshe Sharett agrees on negotiation and ratification of Israeli borders with Arab states in his talks with John Foster Dulles.


1957

March 8: Israel withdraws from Sinai and Gaza: UN Emergency Force moves in.


1958

Feb. 1: Egypt and Syria proclaim union as United Arab Republic (UAR).


1959

Jan.: Fatah is established by Yasser Arafat and associates; al-Ard group starts to publish an Arab nationalities periodical in Israel; Khalil al-Wazir [Abu Jihad] issues in Lebanon the clandestine Fatah magazine Filastinuna; the Arab Higher Committee and Amin al-Husseini forced to move from Egypt to Lebanon.
June 15: UN Sec. Gen. (Hammarskjold) proposal, A/4121 for absorption of Palestinian refugees by the Middle East states.


1960

Jan. 16: Egypt states in the letter of credentials of the new Consul of United Arab Republic in the Old City of Jerusalem, that the Consul was being appointed as the `Consul-General in all the territories located west of the Jordan River, being part of Filistine which was conquered by the Jordanian Army.'
Jan. 16: Jordanian government rejects the credentials of the UAR Consul-General in Jerusalem on the ground that they infringe upon Jordan's sovereignty.
March 27: Abdel Karim Kassem of Iraq announces the formation of the "Palestine Army".
April 26: Pres. Nasser says that "the Palestinian Entity must be preserved because the extermination of the entity would mean the elimination of the Palestinian problem forever."
Oct. 29: The Cairo Sawt al-Arab extends its programme "Filastin Corner" which was to become "Broadcasts of the Voice of Filastin."


1961

Sept. 28: Syrian military coup d'etat breaks up the UAR.
March: The Egyptian Akhbar al-Youm newspaper begins issuing a weekly newspaper called "Akhbar Filastin".
Aug.: Kamal Rifat, a member at the Egyptian Presidential Council contacts Palestinians in Gaza Strip, Jordan and Lebanon and suggests convening a conference to establish the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF).



1963

Jan.: First office opened by Fatah in Algeria, headed by Khalil el-Wazir (Abu Jihad).
March: The launch of the newspaper `Akhbar Filastin' edited and printed in Gaza Strip.
April 17: Charter for Arab federation between Egypt, Syria and Iraq signed in Cairo.
June 16-24: Ben Gurion resigns Israeli premiership and is succeeded by Levi Eshkol.


1964

Jan. 13: First Arab Summit Conference held in Cairo.
March 17: First Palestinian delegation, Yasser Arafat and Khalil el-Wazir to China, confers with Premier Chou-En-Lai.
May 28: The First Palestinian National Council (PNC) meets in Jerusalem.
June 2: Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) founded.
Aug. 9: The first Executive Committee of the PLO formed of 14 members.
Sept. 5-11: The second Arab Summit meets in Cairo and "Welcomed the establishment of the PLO as the basis of the Palestinian entity and as a pioneer in the collective Arab struggle for the Liberation of Filastin."


1965

Jan. 1: First military operation of Fatah in Palestine.
March 6: Pres. Bourguiba of Tunisia proposes Arab recognition of Israel on terms of the 1947 UN Res.
April 21: Pres. Habib Bourguiba proposed, that Arabs recognize Israel within the boundaries of the UN's Partition Res. of 29 Nov. 1947, together with the repatriation of refugees.


1966

Oct.: Israeli attack on Samou village in the West Bank.


1967

June 2: General Moshe Dayan joins Israeli Cabinet as Min. of Defence.
June 5: June War; Israel begins military occupation of "West Bank" and Gaza Strip of Palestine, Sinai of Egypt and Golan Heights of Syria.
June 9-10: Pres. Jamal Abd al-Nasser offered resignation.
June 28: Israel annexes old Jerusalem, begins Jewish settlement in OPT.
July 4: UN Gen. Assembly Res. 2253 (ES-U) calls upon Israel to "rescind all measures taken (and) to desist forthwith, from taking any action which would alter the status of Jerusalem."
July 24: The Muslim Council (al-Hayat al-Islamiya) was the first Palestinian representative body to be founded after the war.
Aug. 29: Arab Summit convenes in Khartoum.
Nov. 22: UN Sec. Council Res. 242.


1968

March 21: Fighters of the Palestinian resistance and Jordanian army confront a whole army thrust by the Israelis against the village of Al-Karameh in the Jordan River Valley.
Dec. 26: Arab guerrillas machine-gun Israeli airliner at Athens airport.
Dec. 28: Israeli commandos raided Beirut airport, destroying 13 Arab aircraft.


1969

Jan.: Fatah proclaims its objective of creating a democratic, secular state in Palestine.
Feb. 1: Pres. Nasser asserts that the problem of the Palestinians was "the problem of a people that has a homeland."
Feb.: The Palestinian resistance (al-Muqawama al-Filistiniya) becomes the predominant component of the PLO institutions. Yasser Arafat was elected chairman of a new executive committee of the PLO.
March 11: Golda Meir becomes Israeli PM, succeeding Levi Eskol, who died on Feb. 26 at the age of 73.
Aug. 21: Al-Aqsa Mosque, under Israeli occupation, damaged by arson.
Sept. 1: Army coup in Libya; monarchy deposed, Libyan Arab Republic proclaimed.
Nov. 3: Agreement between PLO and Lebanese arranged in Cairo.
Dec. 9: US Sec. of State William Rogers outlines US proposals for an Israeli-Arab peace settlement.
Dec. 21-23: 5th Arab Summit meets in Rabat, breaks up without reaching agreement or issuing any kind of statement.


1970

April 8: Israeli airstrike kills 30 school children in Egypt (Bahr el-Bakr).
June 6-12: A military confrontation between Jordan's Forces and PLO guerrillas.


1971

Dec. 6: UN Gen. Assembly Res. 2787 recognises the right of the Palestinians to struggle for the recovery of their homeland.


1972

March 15: "United Arab Kingdom" plan proposed by King Hussein for a new formation of Jordanian-Palestinian relations.
July 8: Ghassan Kanafani, editor of al-Hadaf and member of the Political Bureau of PFLP was killed when a bomb exploded in his car.
July 17: Arafat arrives in Moscow at the head of the second PLO delegation officially invited to meet with Soviet Leaders.
July 18: Al-Ahram reported that interrogation of Baruch Zaki Mizrahi, accused of leading an Israeli spy ring in Yemeni Arab Republic, had disclosed that he was ordered by the Israeli intelligence service to perform the following tasks: "To collect information about the southern approaches to the red sea; to observe the activities of the Palestinian Commando offices in Sana'a, Aden and the Gulf countries, and to try to obtain information about their intentions as regards Israeli ships in the passage".
Sept. 2: The Palestinian News Agency, Wafa, reported that on the initiative of Knesset member Shalom Cohen some 100 Palestinian notables and Israelis met in Tel Aviv to discuss the establishment of a "Palestinian state". The meeting was convened under the slogan of "a common homeland and a common destiny" and declared as its aim the establishment of an "independent Palestinian state" alongside the state of Israel, "within the June 5 frontiers under UN supervision". This "state" would seek to establish "close relations with Israel being part of the Arab world".
Sept. 28: Pres. Sadat proposed in his speech the formation of a Palestinian government in exile.
Oct. 16: PLO representative in Rome Wa'il Zu'aiter was killed.


1973

Jan.: The 11th PNC reveals a decision to establish a new body inside OPT to co-ordinate the activities of different resistance organisations there.
April 10: Israel raids into Beirut and murders 3 Palestinian resistance leaders: Kamal Nasser, Kamal Adwan, Abu Yussef el-Najar.
Aug.: The Palestinian National Front (PNF) in the OPT issues its first communique affirming the PNF as an integral part of the PLO.
Oct. 6: (Oct. War) Egypt and Syria fight to regain the Arab territories occupied by Israel in 1967.
Dec. 22: Geneva Conference for Middle East.


1974

Feb. 19: PNC calls for the establishment of a Palestinian State in any part of the occupied areas evacuated by Israel.
April 17: `The Times' of London publishes excerpts from a secret memorandum prepared by the British Foreign Office for the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. "With regard to Palestine, His Majesty's Government are committed by Sir Henry MacMahon's letter to the Sharif on Oct. 14, 1915, to its inclusion in the boundaries of Arab independence." An appendix notes: "The whole of Palestine ... lies within the limits which His Majesty's Government has pledged itself to Sherif Hussein that they will recognise and uphold the independence of Arabs."
June 12: The 12th PNC passes 10-Point Programme in which the concept of a democratic secular state in all of Palestine is dropped. The stated goal becomes "an independent Palestinian state".
Oct. 14: UN Gen. Assembly recognises the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people in its Res. 3210.
Oct. 28: The 7th Arab Summit meeting in Rabat recognises the PLO as sole representative of the Palestinians and affirms "The right of the Palestinian people to establish an independent national authority in any Palestinian territory that is liberated.
Nov. 13: Chairman Yasser Arafat addresses the UN in New York.
Nov.: UN Gen. Assembly reaffirms the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people in Palestine.


1975

April 13: The start of the 1975-76 civil war in Lebanon.
Nov. 10: UN Res. 3379 defining Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination.


1976

Jan.: Manifesto of Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace.
April 12: First West Bank municipal election under Israeli occupation; sweeping victory for nationalist lists.
Aug. 12: Palestinian Refugee Camp, Tel-al-Za'tar, massacre in Lebanon.
Sept.: At its 66th session held in Cairo, the Arab League Council accepts Palestine, as represented by the PLO, as a full member of the Arab League equal to all other members.


1977

May: US State Department releases Human Rights Report, charging Israelis with the following crimes against the Palestinians: a) illegal expulsions from their homes and properties; b) detention without charge; c) destruction of properties; d) no judicial remedy for detainees.
Oct. 4: Joint statement by US and USSR specifying necessary steps to be taken to ensure peace in the Middle East. [intended to achieve the reconvening of the Geneva Conference].
Nov. 20: Pres. Anwar al-Sadat addressed the Israeli Knesset.
Dec. 4: 6-Point Programme agreed to by the various Palestinian organisations calling for the formation of a "steadfastness and confrontation front" in opposition to Sadat's negotiations with Israel.


1978

Jan. 4: Pres. Carter's statement on recognition of Palestinians right to a homeland.
March 12: The Israeli army attacks South Lebanon, throwing 25,000 troops into a full-scale invasion, leaving scores of Lebanese villages devastated and some 700 Lebanese and Palestinians, mainly civilians, dead.
March 19: UN Sec. Council adopts Res. 425 calling for an immediate Israeli withdrawal from Lebanese territory and establishes a new UNIFIL to be dispatched to southern Lebanon.
Sept. 17: Carter, Begin and Sadat sign the Camp David Accords which propose a settlement to the Middle East conflict bypassing the Palestinian people and their sole representative, the PLO.
Oct. 1: Statement of condemnation by the West Bank National Conference, held in Beit Hanina, of Sadat's visit to Jerusalem.
Nov. 15: Baghdad Arab Summit establishes the Palestinian-Jordanian Joint Committee for aiding the steadfastness of the Palestinian people in the OPT.

Nov. 29: First International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People, as designated by the UN.

- For 8 days Palestinians resist the Israeli invasion of south Lebanon despite Israeli air raids.


1979


March 22: UN Sec. Council Res. 446 calls on Israel to dismantle the settlements "those having no legal validity" in the OPT, incl. Jerusalem.


1980

Jan. 28: Government of Egypt propose model of full autonomy for the OPT.
May 31: Fourth General Conference of the Palestine Liberation Movement, Fatah, meeting in Damascus, approves political programme.
June 2: Mayors Bassam Shaka'a, Karim Khalaf and Ibrahim Tawil bombed by members of the Jewish underground.
June 13: EEC Venice Declaration urges full self-determination for the Palestinian people and calls on Israel to end the occupation.
June 30: Israeli Knesset adopts the Jerusalem Basic Law "officially" annexing the pre-1967 Palestinian eastern part of the city of Jerusalem.



1981

April 11-19: The 15th session of the PNC ends 9-day Damascus meeting. PNC political statement approves the report on contacts with Jews by the Committee for the Occupied Homeland.
June 7: Israeli raid on Iraqi nuclear reactor.
July 17: Israeli jets bomb PLO targets in Beirut killing 300 people.
Aug. 6: 8-point peace plan proposed by Crown Prince Fahd.
Oct. 6: Pres. Sadat assassinated during military parade marking 1973 Oct. War; 11 other officials reported dead.
Dec. 14: The Golan Heights, an area of 500 sq. miles, "annexed" to Israel.


1982

Jan.: Israel government proposes "Autonomy" for the OPT.
Jan. 25: Israel's Ambassador to the US, Moshe Arens, says that Israeli invasion of Lebanon was just "a matter of time."
March 9: The Jordanian Government issues a warning to members of the embryo village leagues that they will be charged with high treason under Jordanian law if they fail to withdraw their league membership within 30 days.
March 11: The Israeli authority declares the National Guidance Committee (NGC) on the West Bank illegal.
June 4: Israel invades Lebanon with estimated 100,000 troops.
June 30: Estimated 15,000 civilians killed so far by Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Canadian physician working in Sidon says 50% of those killed are children under 13.
July 25: Yasser Arafat meets in Beirut with a US Congressional Delegation and signs a statement acknowledging all UN resolutions pertaining to Palestine. Paul McClosky, US Congressman says, the move signals PLO recognition of Israel.
July 28: Palestinians protest against the occupation of 3 vacant houses by armed Israeli settlers. Palestinians owned these houses located near the Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem.

Aug. 21: The evacuation of PLO troops from Lebanon begins as 400 troops board a ship to Cyprus.
Aug. 23: A group of 265 PLO troops from Lebanon received by King Hussein upon their arrival in Amman.
Aug. 29: In a TV interview, Ariel Sharon says, "the departure of the PLO from Lebanon clears the way for Israel to a "settlement with `moderate' West Bank Palestinians."
Sept. 15: USSR Chairman Brezhnev's 6-point peace plan.
Sept. 16-18: Over 1000 Palestinian refugees slaughtered in Sabra and Shatila refugee camps in Beirut.
Sept. 28: Israeli Government establishes a Commission of Inquiry into the Sabra and Shatila massacre.
Dec. 14: Joint Jordanian-Palestinian Committee begins work in Amman.


1983

Jan. 4: Former Pres. Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, in Reader's Digest article, denounce Israeli settlement policies as "major obstacle to peace" and urge resolution of Palestinian issues according to Camp David framework.
Jan. 20: Israeli authorities expel 34 academics from West Bank universities for refusal to sign pledge not to support PLO.
Feb. 14-21: The PNC convenes its 16th meeting in Algiers to discuss the Reagan plan, relations with Egypt and Jordan, the Fez peace plan and PLO-Israeli contacts.
April 10: King Hussein announces failure to reach agreement with Arafat on joint role under Reagan's 1st Sept. plan.
April 16: Thieves steal rare books and paintings valued at over $4 million from Jerusalem's Islamic Museum.
June 24: Syria declares PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, "persona non grata" and orders him to leave the country. Arafat flies to Tunis and calls Syria's action "regrettable".
Dec. 3: UN Sec.-Gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar agrees to allow PLO troops to evacuate Tripoli under UN flags; Sec. Council unanimously supports decision.
Dec.: Chairman Arafat and estimated 4,000 troops evacuated from Tripoli by Greek ships flying UN flags.


1984

Jan. 9: Jordanian Parliament meets for the first time in 9 years to consider constitutional provisions regarding West Bank territories occupied by Israel.
Jan. 11: World Zionist Organization executive body rejects nomination of former Israeli Defense Min. Ariel Sharon as director of Israeli immigration programme, citing his role in Sept. 16, 1982, massacre of civilians at Sabra and Shatila refugee camps.
Feb. 18: New York Times reports that Reagan Administration held secret talks with PLO through intermediary between Aug. 81 and May 82; Sec. of State Shultz confirms report on Feb. 22.

May 28: Israeli Defence Min. acknowledges that 2 of 4 Palestinians killed in April 13 bus incident were captured alive and beaten to death by security police.
Oct. 28: 1 Palestinian killed and 10 wounded as Arab bus in Jerusalem hit by anti-tank rocket in one of a series of terrorist attacks against Palestinians. PM Peres condemns killings and promises a determined hunt for attackers: An Israeli soldier is arrested and confesses to the attack.
Nov. 22-29: The 17th PNC meets in Amman, Jordan and reaffirms support for Arafat as PLO Chairman: King Hussein, at meeting, proposes peace plan based on Palestinian self-determination and UN Res. 242. Sheikh Abdel Hamid al Sayyeh elected as head of PNC.


1985

Jan. 3: Israel acknowledges having conducted clandestine airlifts of Ethiopian Jews to Israel for more than 5 years after press reports revealed airlifts' existence.
Feb. 11: Yasser Arafat and King Hussein reach agreement on common approach to Middle East peace accord calling for the exchange of land for peace within the context of an international conference. Israeli officials discount agreement on Feb. 12.
April 2: Israel moves 1,100 prisoners to Israel from detention in Lebanon.
May 20: In agreement with Palestinians, Israel exchanges 1,150 Palestinian prisoners for 3 Israeli soldiers captured during invasion of Lebanon.
May 29: King Hussein, visiting Washington, says PLO has agreed to accept UN resolutions acknowledging Israel's right to exist.
July 10: In first ruling by Israeli court convicting Israeli Jews of terrorist involvement, 3 Jewish settlers convicted of murder and 12 other defendants found guilty of committing violent crimes in 1980-84 series of attacks against West Bank mayors.
July 17: Israel rejects list of Palestinians, chosen by Arafat, as possible members of Jordanian-Palestinian delegation.
Aug. 18: Richard Murphy, US Assistant Sec. of State, refuses to meet with Joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation because King Hussein would give no assurance that meeting would lead to direct talks between Jordan and Israel.
Oct. 1: Israel bombs Tunisian headquarters of PLO, killing more than 70 people, in retaliation for Sept. 25th killing of 3 Israelis in Larnaca, Cyprus.
Oct. 21: Israeli PM Shimon Peres, in UN Gen. Assembly address, declares that "state of war between Israel and Jordan should be terminated immediately".
Oct. 28: Israeli Knesset votes 68-10 to approve Peres' report on peace proposals.
Nov. 10: The New York Times reports that PM Peres and King Hussein have reached informal agreement in London whereby Israel would attend an international conference on Middle East issues in return for Jordan bringing only Palestinians acceptable to Israel to the meeting.
Dec. 11: Jordan and Syria issue joint communique calling for UN-sponsored peace conference incl. USSR, US and other permanent members of UN Sec. Council.


1986

Jan. 13: Israeli cabinet agrees conditionally to submit to international arbitration over long-standing border dispute with Egypt over 700-yard stretch of Gulf of Aqaba shore known as Taba.
Feb. 19: King Hussein announces end of year-long effort to construct joint strategy with PLO.
June 25: Avraham Shalom, head of Israeli domestic intelligence agency Shin Bet, resigns in exchange for immunity from prosecution for his role in 1984 slaying of 2 Palestinian prisoners.
July 7: Jordanian Government closes all 25 PLO offices in Amman.
July 10: Jordanian Government deports PLO leader Khalil al-Wazir from Amman.
July 21: Israeli PM Peres flies to Morocco for talks with King Hassan.
Aug. 18: In their first official diplomatic contact in 19 years, Soviet and Israeli representatives meet in Helsinki, Finland, to discuss resumption of consular relations.
Sept. 22: Peres meets Soviet Foreign Min. Eduard A. Shevardnadze in New York during UN Gen. Assembly session.
Oct. 5: The Sunday Times of London publishes a report quoting former Israeli nuclear arms technician Mordechai Vanunu as saying that Israel has been building and stockpiling atomic weapons at Dimona nuclear facility for 20 years.


1987

Jan. 29: 4-day Islamic Organization Conference summit concluded in Kuwait. Egyptian attendance seen as step towards normalizing relations with most other Arab nations, broken off since 1979 Israeli-Egyptian peace agreement.
April 20: The 18th PNC meets in Algiers.
April 25: Syrian Pres. Hafez Asad and Iraqi Pres. Saddam Hussein meet at air force base in northern Jordan.
May 12: Israeli PM Shamir denounces Foreign Min. Peres' proposal for an international Middle East peace conference.
May 21: Arab local councils in Israel launch 2-day strike protesting against the Israeli authorities' refusal to help relieve educational and financial crises.
June 1: Jewish settlers rampage through Gaza City. Thousands of settlers hold demonstration in Tel Aviv in memory of boy killed in West Bank.
June 6: Estimated 50 Jewish settlers attack 2 Palestinian truck drivers near Nahal Oz settlement in Gaza Strip.
- Israeli troops declare Balata refugee camp closed military area, arrest more than 60 residents, 10 served with administrative detention orders. Jihad Musaymi, a camp leader, is ordered deported to Jordan.
- Al-Fajr editor Hanna Siniora announces plan to lead list of Palestinian candidates in 1988 Jerusalem municipal elections.
June 7: It is revealed before Knesset Financial Committee that the civil administration collected US $235 million in direct and indirect taxes from OPT, a sum exceeding annual allocated budget of the civil administration.
- Israeli authorities attempt to confiscate 4,000 dunums of land from Nablus-area village of Salem and 5,000 dunums from Beit Dajan village.
- Large numbers of Balata refugee camp residents join protest against harassments inside camp; Israeli army uses teargas and rubber bullets to disperse the stone-throwing demonstrators.

June 9: Between 70 and 100 Jewish settler vigilantes raid Dheisheh refugee camp, vandalizing homes and cars and attacking camp residents who charge soldiers in camp with doing nothing to prevent violence.
June 13: Meeting sponsored by Hungarian Peace Council between PLO and Israeli representatives continues in Budapest.
June 14: 8,000 Palestinians and Israelis participate in Tel Aviv demonstration protesting against 20 years of occupation.
June 25: Over 400,000 Palestinian Arabs from within the "Green Line" join in general strike to demand equal rights and an end to discriminatory practices.
July 3: Israeli military authorities ban fishing in the Gaza Strip indefinitely for Palestinian residents.
July 12: First Soviet delegation to visit Israel since 1967 War arrives unannounced in Jerusalem.
July 20: UN Sec. Council unanimously approves Res. 598, calling for a cease-fire in Iran-Iraq war.
Sept. 11: MK Charlie Biton meets with Yasser Arafat during conference in Geneva.
Sept. 16: US State Department orders Palestine Information Office, Washington DC, to close down within 30 days.
Sept. 27: Israeli paper "Kol Ha'Ir" reports that Herut Central Committee member Moshe Amirav has been holding secret meetings with Faisal Husseini, Arab Studies Society, Bir Zeit Prof. Sari Nusseibeh and "al-Sha'ab" editor Salah Zuhaykah.
Oct. 3: At military checkpoint in Nuseirat area of Gaza Strip, 4 Palestinians shot and wounded when their car skids into checkpoint booth; Palestinians say they were unable to stop in time owing to rainy conditions.
Oct. 18: Palestinians in OPT observe general strike to protest visit of US Sec. of State George Shultz.
Nov. 3: French PM Jacques Chirac meets with Palestinians in Jerusalem.
Nov. 7: PM Gen. Zeine el Abideen Ben Ali of Tunisia removes Pres. Bourguiba from office saying the Tunisian leader had become senile. Ben Ali became president the same day.
Nov. 8: Arab Summit convenes in Amman, Jordan.
Nov. 25: A Palestinian Fida'i flies a motorized hang-glider from Lebanon into Israel; enters an Israeli army camp and kills 6 soldiers before being killed.
Dec. 6: 31st World Zionist Congress opens in Jerusalem.
- An Israeli businessman stabbed to death in Gaza.
Dec. 7: Israeli Foreign Min. Peres calls for dismantling existing settlements, demilitarizing Gaza Strip.
DEC. 9 : THE INTIFADA BEGINS; in Gaza, 4 Palestinians are killed and at least 7 wounded when an Israeli truck collides with 2 vans of Palestinian workers returning from work in Israel; 4,000 demonstrators attend funeral for those killed.
Dec. 15: Min. of Industry and Trade Ariel Sharon moves into apartment in Muslim quarter of Jerusalem's Old City.
Dec. 21: Pope John Paul II appeals for peace in the Holy Land and expresses support for the Palestinian people.
Dec. 23-25: Israeli troops arrest over 1,000 Palestinians.


1988

Jan. 3: Israeli government orders deportation of 9 Palestinians from OPT.
Jan. 5: UN Sec. Council votes unanimously to urge Israel to refrain from deporting any Palestinian from the OPT.
Jan. 7: Amnesty International charges Israel with arresting Palestinians arbitrarily in OPT and with quick military trials in violation of international standards.
Jan. 14: Palestinian national institutions present list of 14 Palestinian Demands in a press conference in East Jerusalem.
Jan. 15: Israeli police fire tear gas into al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock wounding over 40 worshippers.
Jan. 19: Israeli Defence Min. Yitzhak Rabin announces new policy for dealing with the Intifada "Force, might, beatings."
Feb. 3: US officials state new peace proposal incl. US mediated Israeli-Jordanian negotiations by Sept. to achieve limited Palestinian self-rule in OPT and direct negotiations in Dec. to reach final settlement.
Feb. 7: In New York, US veto defeats UN Sec. Council Res. demanding that Israel abide by terms of 4th Geneva Convention and calling for international conference on Arab-Israeli conflict.
Feb. 9: Foreign ministers of 12 EC countries condemn Israeli violations of international law and human rights in OPT.
Feb. 12: Team of US physicians and psychiatrists reports on its survey of damage inflicted by army beating. It estimates more than 1,000 Palestinians have suffered broken bones and other injuries.
Feb. 16: Explosion in Limassol, Cyprus, seriously damages Sol Phryne (dubbed "Al Awdah"), Cypriot ferry chartered by PLO to carry 130 Palestinian deportees to Haifa. Caller, allegedly from Jewish Defence League, claims responsibility.
- 2 Israeli soldiers arrested by Israeli army and charged with burying alive 4 Palestinians in the village of Salem near Nablus.
Feb. 17: Maj. Gen. Ehud Barak, Israel's deputy Chief of Staff, and Defence Min. Rabin confirm soldiers buried 4 Palestinians alive on Feb. 2, 1988.
Feb. 21: UNRWA announces the suspension of all activities in Lebanon requiring international staff, and the transfer of operations from Lebanon to Syria.
March 2: UN Gen. Assembly votes 143-1 in favour of 2 resolutions condemning a US government plan to close New York office of PLO. The US does not participate in the vote.
March 10-12: Hundreds of Palestinian policemen resign in OPT
March 12: US Justice Department orders PLO to close its observer mission to UN.
March 13: EEC defeats 3 trade protocols reducing tariffs on Israeli imports to EEC.
- EEC issues statement expressing solidarity with families of Palestinians killed during the Intifada and approves resolution condemning use of torture, expulsion and arbitrary detention in OPT.
March 14: Reports indicate that 19 Israeli-appointed village league members from West Bank have recently resigned.
March 24: UN Gen. Assembly votes 148-2 to condemn US efforts to close PLO observer mission.
March 27: US Sec.of State Shultz meets with PNC members Prof. Edward Said and Prof. Ibrahim Abu-Lughod to discuss Shultz peace proposals.
March 30: In TV interview Defence Min. Rabin reveals, that 1,000-4,400 Palestinians are detained in Israeli prisons .
April 1: In speech to Jewish settlers, PM Shamir compares Palestinians to "grasshoppers" who can be crushed.
April 11: In Moscow, Gen.-Sec. Mikhail Gorbachev urges Yasser Arafat to recognize Israel's `right to exist'.
- Israel deports to Lebanon 8 Palestinians accused of being leaders of the Intifada, issues orders for 12 more to be expelled.
April 12: Maj.Gen. Ehud Barak, deputy Chief of Staff, states that 1 of 13 Beita homes may have been demolished by mistakes; 4,800 Palestinian activists are held in Israeli prisons incl. 900 in administrative detention.
April 16: US vetoes UN Sec. Council Res. calling on Israel to end deportation of Palestinians.
- Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad), Palestinian leader assassinated at his home in Tunis.
- Israeli troops fire on Palestinians in Gaza Strip, killing 14 Palestinians.
April 19: US condemns murder of PLO leader Khalil al-Wazir as "act of political assassination".
April 21: Palestinian leader Khalil al-Wazir is buried in Yarmuk Camp, Damascus.
- Washington Post reports Israeli cabinet approved assassination of Khalil al-Wazir during April 13 meeting and that the operation was planned by Mossad and the Israeli army, navy and air force.
April 26: UN Sec. Council approves Res. condemning assassination of PLO leader Khalil al-Wazir. The US abstains.
April 27: In The Hague, the World Court rules that the US must submit to arbitration over legislation ordering the PLO to close its observer mission to UN.
May 9: Intifada is 6th month old: general strike is announced. The number of martyrs totals 231.
May 11: Unified Leadership of the Uprising (UNLU) declares national disobedience.
June 6: Emergency Arab Summit held in Algiers to discuss ways to support the Intifada.
July 13: Israeli Labor leader Shimon Peres states that if elected he would propose turning demilitarized Gaza Strip over to Arab authority.
July 27: For the first time in 40 years the Mapam Party manages to push "Bur'oum and Iqrit" bill through in its first reading in the Knesset: The law allows the people of Bur'oum and Iqrit to go back to their homes.
July 31: King Hussein announces disengagement with the West Bank.
Aug. 3: PLO announces it will uphold its responsibilities as Palestinian people's sole legitimate representative.
Aug. 4: Jordanian cabinet declares dismissal of all Palestinian employees in the West Bank as of 16 August, 1988.
Aug. 7: "Middle East Mirror" reports on expected plans for the "Declaration of the Independence of Palestine" and that the UNLU is preparing to declare Palestinian sovereignty over the OPT.
Aug. 14: The US Embassy in Tel Aviv informs the Israeli Min. of Foreign Affairs that the US was the party which canceled the meeting that was supposed to have taken place in Cairo between Richard Murphy and Palestinian personalities.
Aug. 23: Chairman Arafat signs the first presidential resolution that the PLO was taking full responsibility for the OPT.
Aug. 26: The PLO Executive Committee renames the West Bank as the "Palestinian Bank".
Sept. 5: The covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas (Zeal), circulated in the West Bank. It flatly rejects concessions or negotiations with Israel.
Sept. 13: Arafat addresses representatives of the European Assembly in Strasbourg.
Sept. 14: New information published in the Israeli press confirming that the Lehi underground was responsible for the murder in 1948 of Swedish UN mediator Count Folke Bernadotte. Sweden demands that Israel issue an apology.
Sept. 16: In speech on the 10th anniversary of Camp David, Sec. of State George Shultz calls on Israel to end its military rule over the OPT and to give Palestinian "rapid control over political and economic decisions that affect their lives."
Sept. 22: French Foreign Min. Roland Dumas reveals that Arafat asked him to sound out Shimon Peres on the possibility of recognition by Israel of a Palestinian state. "[Arafat] said to me half-jokingly, Ask Shimon Peres, if I would formally recognize Israel, would he recognize the Palestinian state?'"
Sept. 26: Pres. Reagan, at a meeting with Egyptian and Israeli foreign ministers, urges Israel to "find a way to reach out to the Palestinians, and Egypt to encourage the Palestinians "to adopt reasonable positions".
Sept. 29: Foreign Min. Shimon Peres tells the UN Gen. Assembly that Israel is willing to negotiate with either a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation, or with Palestinian and Jordanian delegations separately.
Oct. 5: The Central Knesset Elections Committee, by an overwhelming majority, disqualifies Meir Kahane's Kach Party from contesting the Nov. 1 Knesset elections.
- Some 200 Bedouin are left homeless after Israeli authorities demolish their houses south of Beersheba under court orders.
Oct. 7: At annual conference, Britain's Labour Party denounces Israel's "iron fist" policies in the OPT, its "indiscriminate use of ammunition, teargas and beatings", urges "withdrawal from the territories occupied in 1967" and, in a gesture of solidarity, calls for a speaker from the PLO to address the party's 1989 conference.

Oct. 17: PM Shamir says that "not one Arab would survive" if the residents of the OPT begin to use live ammunition.
Oct. 18: Israeli Labor Party's 4-year program proposes that residents of the OPT elect their own leaders, who will negotiate with Israel on interim agreements on condition that they agree and adhere to a 3-6-month period of absolute peace and quiet.
Oct. 25: Reuters news agency reports from Jerusalem quoting security sources as saying that undercover units known by the codenames of Cherry ("Duvdevan") and Samson ("Shimshon") have orders to shoot-to-kill fugitive Intifada organizers.
Oct. 30: In a Hebrew-language leaflet to Israeli voters, the UNLU urges a "vote for peace" and a settlement that would ensure security for both a Palestinian state and for Israel.
Nov. 14: The PNC endorses Sec. Council Res. 242 and links it to the "national right" of the Palestinian people.
NOV. 15: THE PALESTINIAN INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION, 19th PNC, Algiers
Nov. 16: The Palestinian independent state recognized by over 20 countries.
Nov. 19: Leaflet (No. 29) of the UNLU welcomes, on behalf of all Palestinians in occupied Palestine, the PNC resolutions and the declaration of a Palestinian State.
Nov. 26: US rejects Arafat's request for a visa that would permit him to address the UN Gen. Assembly in New York on Dec. 1. [A 1947 Headquarters Agreement required the US not to impede persons with legitimate business at the UN].
Dec. 1: UN Gen. Assembly votes 151-2, with 1 abstention (Britain), to condemn the US for denying Yasser Arafat the visa which would have enabled him to speak before the UN at the opening of the debate on the question of Palestine.
Dec. 3: The UN Gen. Assembly votes to move to Geneva this month to hear Arafat speak on the Palestine question.
Dec. 5: After 1 year of the Intifada: 318 Palestinians were killed, 20,000 wounded, 15,000 arrested, 12,000 jailed, 34 deported, and 140 houses demolished. 8 Israelis were killed (6 civilians, 2 soldiers).
Dec. 7: Chairman Arafat, in addressing a news conference after two days of talks with a group of 5 American peace campaigners in Stockholm says: "The PLO supreme decision-making body, the PNC, had effectively recognized Israel last month. The PNC accepted two states, a Palestinian state and a Jewish state, Israel. Is that clear enough?"
Dec. 8: Chairman Arafat tells an Afro-Asian writers conference in Tunis that a PLO statement issued in Stockholm accepting Israel's existence was a "good reading" of the PNC resolutions of last month.
Dec. 9: The first anniversary of the Intifada. Leaflet 30 of the UNLU calls for 48-hour strike.
Dec. 13: The Palestinian peace initiative by Yasser Arafat at the UN Gen. Assembly, Geneva.
- King Hussein on the Antenne 2 TV Channel, Paris: "I have said time and again that ever since we accepted UN Sec. Council Res. 242 which Chairman Arafat has accepted together with Res. 338, we have recognized the state of Israel."
Dec. 14: American UN Ambassador Vernon Walters says in Geneva that "Israel must face up to the need for withdrawal" from the OPT.
- Pres. Ronald Reagan says in a White House press conference that the US has decided to open a dialogue with the PLO.
- US Ambassador to Tunisia, Robert Pelletreau, says he will be the American official to open direct talks with PLO leaders.
Dec. 15: The first Palestinian farm product

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