Tässä vähän faktaa kuuhun laskeutumisesta..ja siihen liittyvistä väitteistä että kuussa ei käyty..
Number of people involved
According to James Longuski (Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering at Purdue University), the trueness of the conspiracy theories is impossible because of their size and complexity. More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for nearly ten years, and a dozen men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to recount their experiences. Hundreds of thousands of people—including astronauts, scientists, engineers, technicians, and skilled laborers—would have had to keep the secret. Longuski argues that it would have been much easier to really land on the Moon than to generate such a huge conspiracy to fake the landings. To date, nobody from the US government or NASA who would have had a link to the Apollo program has said the Moon landings were hoaxes
The quality of the photographs is implausibly high.
* There are many poor quality photographs taken by the Apollo astronauts. NASA chose to publish only the best examples.
* The Apollo astronauts used high resolution Hasselblad 500 EL/M Data cameras with Carl Zeiss optics and a 70-mm film magazine.
There are no stars in any of the photos; the Apollo 11 astronauts also claimed in a post-mission press conference to not remember seeing any stars.
* The astronauts were talking about naked-eye sightings of stars during the lunar daytime. They regularly sighted stars through the spacecraft navigation optics while aligning their inertial reference platforms.
* All manned landings happened during the lunar daytime. Thus, the stars were outshone by the sun and by sunlight reflected off the moon's surface. The astronauts' eyes were adapted to the sunlit landscape around them so that they could not see the relatively faint stars. Likewise, cameras were set for daylight exposure and could not detect the stars.[56] Camera settings can turn a well-lit background into ink-black when the foreground object is brightly lit, forcing the camera to increase shutter speed in order not to have the foreground light completely wash out the image. A demonstration of this effect is here. The effect is similar to not being able to see stars from a brightly lit car park at night—the stars only become visible when the lights are turned off. The astronauts could see stars with the naked eye only when they were in the shadow of the Moon.
* An ultraviolet telescope was taken to the lunar surface on Apollo 16 and operated in the shadow of the lunar module. It captured pictures of Earth and of many stars, some of which are dim in visible light but bright in the ultraviolet. These observations were later matched with observations taken by orbiting ultraviolet telescopes. Furthermore, the positions of those stars with respect to Earth are correct for the time and location of the Apollo 16 photographs.
* Pictures of the solar corona that included the planet Mercury and some background stars were taken from lunar orbit by Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden.
* Pictures of the planet Venus (which is much brighter than any of the stars) were taken from the Moon's surface by astronaut Alan Shepard during the Apollo 14 mission.
he angle and color of shadows are inconsistent. This suggests that artificial lights were used.
Number of people involved
According to James Longuski (Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering at Purdue University), the trueness of the conspiracy theories is impossible because of their size and complexity. More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for nearly ten years, and a dozen men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to recount their experiences. Hundreds of thousands of people—including astronauts, scientists, engineers, technicians, and skilled laborers—would have had to keep the secret. Longuski argues that it would have been much easier to really land on the Moon than to generate such a huge conspiracy to fake the landings. To date, nobody from the US government or NASA who would have had a link to the Apollo program has said the Moon landings were hoaxes
The quality of the photographs is implausibly high.
* There are many poor quality photographs taken by the Apollo astronauts. NASA chose to publish only the best examples.
* The Apollo astronauts used high resolution Hasselblad 500 EL/M Data cameras with Carl Zeiss optics and a 70-mm film magazine.
There are no stars in any of the photos; the Apollo 11 astronauts also claimed in a post-mission press conference to not remember seeing any stars.
* The astronauts were talking about naked-eye sightings of stars during the lunar daytime. They regularly sighted stars through the spacecraft navigation optics while aligning their inertial reference platforms.
* All manned landings happened during the lunar daytime. Thus, the stars were outshone by the sun and by sunlight reflected off the moon's surface. The astronauts' eyes were adapted to the sunlit landscape around them so that they could not see the relatively faint stars. Likewise, cameras were set for daylight exposure and could not detect the stars.[56] Camera settings can turn a well-lit background into ink-black when the foreground object is brightly lit, forcing the camera to increase shutter speed in order not to have the foreground light completely wash out the image. A demonstration of this effect is here. The effect is similar to not being able to see stars from a brightly lit car park at night—the stars only become visible when the lights are turned off. The astronauts could see stars with the naked eye only when they were in the shadow of the Moon.
* An ultraviolet telescope was taken to the lunar surface on Apollo 16 and operated in the shadow of the lunar module. It captured pictures of Earth and of many stars, some of which are dim in visible light but bright in the ultraviolet. These observations were later matched with observations taken by orbiting ultraviolet telescopes. Furthermore, the positions of those stars with respect to Earth are correct for the time and location of the Apollo 16 photographs.
* Pictures of the solar corona that included the planet Mercury and some background stars were taken from lunar orbit by Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden.
* Pictures of the planet Venus (which is much brighter than any of the stars) were taken from the Moon's surface by astronaut Alan Shepard during the Apollo 14 mission.
he angle and color of shadows are inconsistent. This suggests that artificial lights were used.
Vastaukset 27
Vanhimmat
* Shadows on the Moon are complicated by reflected light, uneven ground, wide-angle lens distortion, and lunar dust. There are several light sources: the Sun, sunlight reflected from the Earth, sunlight reflected from the Moon's surface, and sunlight reflected from the astronauts and the Lunar Module. Light from these sources is scattered by lunar dust in many different directions, including into shadows. Shadows falling into craters and hills may appear longer, shorter and distorted. Furthermore, shadows display the properties of vanishing point perspective, leading them to converge to a point on the horizon.
* This theory was shown to be untrue on the MythBusters episode "NASA Moon Landing".
There are identical backgrounds in photos which, according to their captions, were taken miles apart. This suggests that a painted background was used.
* Shots were not identical, just similar. What appear as nearby hills in some photos are actually mountains many miles away. On Earth, objects that are further away will appear fainter and less detailed. On the Moon, there is no atmosphere or haze to obscure distant objects, thus they appear clearer and closer. Furthermore, there are very few objects (such as trees) to help judge distance. One case is debunked in "Who Mourns For Apollo?" by Mike Bara.
The photos contain artifacts like the two seemingly matching 'C's on a rock and on the ground. These may be labeled studio props.
* The "C"-shaped objects are most likely printing imperfections and do not appear in the original film from the camera. It has been suggested that the "C" is a coiled hair
A resident of Perth, Australia, with the pseudonym "Una Ronald", said she saw a soft drink bottle in the frame while watching one of the manned landings.
* No such newspaper reports or recordings have been found. Una Ronald's existence is claimed by only one source. There are also flaws in the story, i.e. the statement that she had to "stay up late" is easily discounted by many witnesses in Australia who watched the event in the middle of their daytime.
The book Moon Shot contains an obvious composite photograph of Alan Shepard hitting a golf ball on the Moon with another astronaut.
* It was used instead of the only existing real images, from the TV monitor, which the editors of the book apparently felt were too grainy for their book. The book publishers did not work for NASA.
here appear to be "hot spots" in some photographs that look like a huge spotlight was used.
* Pits in Moon dust focus and reflect light in a manner similar to tiny glass spheres used in the coating of street signs, or dew-drops on wet grass. This creates a glow around the photographer's own shadow when it appears in a photograph (see Heiligenschein).
* If the astronaut is standing in sunlight while photographing into shade, light reflected off his white spacesuit produces a similar effect to a spotlight.
* Some widely published Apollo photos were high contrast copies. Scans of the original transparencies are generally much more evenly li
Environment
1. The astronauts could not have survived the trip because of exposure to radiation from the Van Allen radiation belt and galactic ambient radiation (see radiation poisoning and health threat from cosmic rays). Some conspiracists have suggested that Starfish Prime (high altitude nuclear testing in 1962) was a failed attempt to disrupt the Van Allen belts.
* The spacecraft moved through the belts in about four hours, and the astronauts were protected from the ionizing radiation by the aluminium hulls of the spacecraft. Furthermore, the orbital transfer trajectory from Earth to the Moon through the belts was chosen to lessen radiation exposure. Even Dr James Van Allen, the discoverer of the Van Allen radiation belts, rebutted the claims that radiation levels were too dangerous for the Apollo missions. Plait cited an average dose of less than 1 rem (10 mSv), which is equivalent to the ambient radiation received by living at sea level for three years. The spacecraft passed through the intense inner belt and the low-energy outer belt. The total radiation received on the trip was about the same as allowed for workers in the nuclear energy field for a year.
* The radiation is actually evidence that the astronauts went to the Moon. Irene Schneider reports that 33 of the 36 Apollo astronauts involved in the nine Apollo missions to leave Earth orbit have developed early stage cataracts that have been shown to be caused by radiation exposure to cosmic rays during their trip. At least 39 former astronauts have developed cataracts; 36 of those were involved in high-radiation missions such as the Apollo missions.
2. Film in the cameras would have been fogged by this radiation.
* The film was kept in metal containers that stopped radiation from fogging the film's emulsion. Furthermore, film carried by unmanned lunar probes such as the Lunar Orbiter and Luna 3 (which used on-board film development processes) was not fogged.
The Moon's surface during the daytime is so hot that camera film would have melted.
* There is no atmosphere to efficiently bind lunar surface heat to devices (such as cameras) that are not in direct contact with it. In a vacuum, only radiation remains as a heat transfer mechanism. The physics of radiative heat transfer are thoroughly understood, and the proper use of passive optical coatings and paints was enough to control the temperature of the film within the cameras; Moon lander temperatures were controlled with similar coatings that gave them a gold color. Also, while the Moon's surface does get very hot at lunar noon, every Apollo landing was made shortly after lunar sunrise at the landing site. During the longer stays, the astronauts did notice increased cooling loads on their spacesuits as the sun continued to rise and the surface temperature increased, but the effect was easily countered by the passive and active cooling systems. The film was not in direct sunlight, so it wasn't overheated. Note: The Moon's day is about 29½ Earth days long, meaning that one Moon day (dawn to dusk) lasts nearly fifteen days.
5. The flag placed on the surface by the astronauts fluttered despite there being no wind on the Moon. This suggests that it was filmed on Earth and a breeze caused the flag to flutter. Sibrel said that it may have been caused by indoor fans used to cool the astronauts, since their spacesuit cooling systems would have been too heavy on Earth.
* The flag was attached to a Г-shaped rod so that it did not hang down. The flag only seemed to flutter when the astronauts were moving it into position. Without air drag, these movements caused the free corner of the flag to swing like a pendulum for some time. The flag was rippled because it had been folded during storage—the ripples could be mistaken for movement in a still photograph. Videotapes show that when the astronauts let go of the flagpole it vibrates briefly but then remains motionless.
* This theory was shown to be untrue on the MythBusters episode "NASA Moon Landing".
The alleged Moon landings used either a sound stage, or were filmed outside in a remote desert with the astronauts either using harnesses or slow-motion photography to make it look like they were on the Moon.
* While the HBO Mini-series "From the Earth to the Moon", and a scene from "Apollo 13" used the sound-stage and harness setup, it is clearly seen from those films that dust rose did not quickly settle (some dust briefly formed clouds). In the film footage from the Apollo missions, dust kicked-up by the astronauts' boots and the wheels of the Moon rovers rose quite high (due to the lunar gravity), and settled quickly to the ground in an uninterrupted parabolic arc (due to there being no air to uphold the dust). Even if there had been a sound stage for hoax Moon landings that had had the air pumped-out, the dust would have reached nowhere near the height and trajectory as the dust shown in the Apollo film footage because of Earth gravity.
* During the Apollo 15 mission, David Scott did an experiment by dropping a hammer and a falcon feather at the same time. Both fell at the same rate and hit the ground at the same time. This proved that he was in a vacuum.
Retroreflectors
Apollo 11 retroreflector
The presence of retroreflectors (mirrors used as targets for Earth-based tracking lasers) from the Lunar laser ranging experiment is evidence that there were landings.
hehehe jopas oli todistus! miksi Usa Kuu lippua ei sitten yritetty liehuttaa voiton merkiksi niinkuin F 1 paalupaikalla niin mitään epäilystä ei koskaan olisi tullutkaan. ja korjaan tuon höyhenen, se oli iso sulka jonka musteen tilalle sopii kultavaippa ja siten kilpailemaan styroksivasaran kanssa, kaikkeen muuhun vastaa vaapaamuurarit koska he ei koskaan paljasta mitään,
http://keskustelu.suomi24.fi/node/8906161
sormusten ritarit siinä todistaa, onko pientäkään epäilystä että vapaamuurarit ei olisi olleet Kuussa:)
Mutta mitä tehtiin kaikella sillä roinalla jota kuskattiin Maan kietoradalle Apollo nimissä, vastaan NWO tuloa ja totta eihän kukaan idiootti vaihda koko Maapallon valloitusta 300 kiloon Kuukiviä vaikka se olisikin mahdollista:)
JAKINBOAS TROLLAA - ÄLKÄÄ VASTATKO! SE PEELO JAUHAA TUOTA SAMAA PASKAA AINA VAAN, JÄTTÄKÄÄ SE MÄTÄNEMÄÄN!
Joopa joo!
Kuussakäyminenhän oli 1970 turvallisempaa kuin maan kiertoradallakäynti!
Vaikka matka kuuhun oli 2000 x pidempi!
Suhteessahan etäisyydet ovat 1,5metriä kontra 3km verrattuna jokapäiväiseen matkaan.
Joo totta ja jo muutaman metrin sekuntinopeusvirhe aiheutti joko ohilennon tai törmäyksen, pitää muistaa myös että Maan ilmakehässä lentäminen on aina ollut helpompaa kuin kahdella jalalla kävely, sateliittiradalle meno ei kestänyt ihmisen lentämisen evoluutiossa kovinkaan pitkään.
http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentoliskot
Sori vaan, mutta dinosaurukset eivät päässeet Kuuhun.
Ei tietenkään rakas lukkijurpo mutta ei pääse ihminenkään ja mitä se se siellä edes tekisi .
"mutta ei pääse ihminenkään"
Miksi ei? Se on jo tehty. Monivaiheisella Saturn V-raketilla. Raketti ei tarvitse ilmakehää toimiakseen koska se kantaa hapettimen itse.
Tunge se V-raketti perseeseen.
Ad hominem!
Taustalla oleva maisema on Islannin tulivuorien tuhkaamaa ja laavaheitteiden reijittämää tunturia.
Se on muuten Korvatunturi mikä siellä taustalla on!!
Jösses että joillain on mukavaa kinastella itsensä kanssa periaatteella kumpi ja kampi tappelivat,kumpi voitti?
Oikea vastaus on Kampi.
Korvatunturi ei tietääkseeni ole tulivuori, eikä tietääkseeni niitä ole lähelläkään, täällä sensijaan niitä on.
http://translate.google.fi/translate?hl=fi&langpair=en|fi&u=http://www.hi.is/~oi/icelandic_glaciers.htm
http://www.avaruus.fi/uutiset/maa-ja-lahiavaruus/tulivuoren-tuhka-aiheuttaa-samoja-ongelmia-kuin-kuupoly.html?tx_ghfontsize_pi1[action]=smaller
ehjä linkki,
http://translate.google.fi/translate?hl=fi&langpair=en|fi&u=http://www.hi.is/~oi/icelandic_glaciers.htm
Plus kuusta otetuissa valokuvissa näkyy Apollon laskeutumis paikka..
Plus kuussahan on vielä se laite jolla mitataan kuun etäisyyttä maasta koko ajan..jos ihan oikein muistan..
VALOKUVAT, FILMIT JA VIDEOT
Kuulennoilla otettiin tuhansia tarkkoja valokuvia, kuvattiin satoja tunteja filmejä ja videoita, lähetettiin satoja tunteja suoria TV-lähetyksiä ja kartoitettiin Kuun pintaa kartoituskameroilla.
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/index.html
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/picture.html
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-video.html
Arizonan yliopistolla on käynnissä kolmivuotinen projekti, jossa kaikki kuulentojen alkuperäiset filmit skannataan nykyaikaisilla huipputarkoilla skannereilla:
http://apollo.sese.asu.edu/
380 KILOA KUUKIVIÄ JA NÄYTTEITÄ
Kuukivien väärentäminen olisi täysin mahdotonta. Niiden pinnalla näkyy miljardien vuosien mikrometeoriittipommituksen jäljet. Kuukivet eivät myöskään voi olla esimerkiksi Antarktikselta kerättyjä, koska niissä ei ole lainkaan vettä eikä niissä ole jälkiä Maan ilmakehän läpi syöksymisestä.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rock
http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/
Kuukiviä on kenen tahansa nähtävissä lukuisissa museoissa ja näyttelyissä kautta maailman:
http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/displays/displays.cfm
Kuunäytteitä voi tilata tutkittavaksi tuolta:
http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/sampreq/
MITTAUSDATA
Kuulennoilla Kuuhun asennetuista mittalaitteista saatiin suunnaton määrä mittausdataa.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALSEP
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunar_data/
LASERHEIJASTIMET
Ainakin nämä neljä yliopistoa ja tutkimuslaitosta käyttävät Apollo-lennoilla Kuuhun vietyjä laserheijastimia edelleen Kuun etäisyyden mittaamiseen:
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston Texas USA
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_14/experiments/lrr/
Apache Point Observatory, New Mexico USA
http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/
APOLLO (the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation)
http://physics.ucsd.edu/~tmurphy/apollo/apollo.html
University of Texas McDonald Observatory, Texas USA
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/mlrs/
Station de Télémétrie Laser-Lune, Grasse Ranska
http://www.oca.eu/cerga/laser/laslune/llr.htm
Hyvä selitys lasermittausten tekniikasta:
http://physics.ucsd.edu/~tmurphy/apollo/basics.html
Myytinmurtajien ohjelma aiheesta: Moon Myth BUSTED! Moon Laser!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orvMZn8L1f0
Myös Neuvostoliiton Lunohod 1 -kuukulkijan laserheijastin toimii vielä:
http://www.avaruus.fi/uutiset/aurinkokuntaluotaimet/neuvostoliiton-kuukulkijaa-ammuttiin-laserilla-maapallolta-kasin.html
MUUTA
USA:n kilpailija Neuvostoliitto seurasi USA:n kuulentoja tarkasti. Neuvostoliiton oma miehittämätön ja kauko-ohjattu Luna 15 kiersi Kuuta samaan aikaan USA:n ensimmäisen miehitetyn kuulennon kanssa. Neuvostoliitto ei ole ikinä esittänyt pienintäkään vihjausta mistään huijauksesta. Neuvostoliiton omat miehittämättömät luotaimet ottivat Kuussa aivan samanlaisia valokuvia ja toivat muutaman sata grammaa aivan samanlaisia kuunäytteitä (Luna 16, 20 ja 24).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16
Neuvostoliiton kuukuvia:
http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogMoon.htm
Kuulentoja seurasivat monen muunkin maan tutkijat teleskoopeillaan:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings
Vuonna 1990 käyttöön otettu Hubble-teleskooppi ja myöhemmät kuuluotaimet ovat ottaneet Kuusta samanlaisia valokuvia kuin kuulennoilla otettiin Kuun kiertoradalta.
Suunnaton määrä lisätietoja kuulennoista, taustoja, tekniikkaa jne jne:
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/index.html
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/frame.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Program
SOKERINA POHJALLA
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiterin ottamia kuvia laskeutumispaikoista:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/revisited/index.html
Onko kuvan uskottavuus jotenkin parantunut?? Suunnaton määrä todistelua, totta? mutta ei yhtään todistetta, on aivan eri asia uskoa Kuulentoihin kuin tietää ne 100% todellisuudeksi.
Kuulennot paljastaa huijaukseski se että 100% todistetta ei ole vaikka se olisi aikanaan ollut jopa lapsellisen helppoa tehdä, tämä "lapsellisen helppoa" ei suinkaan ollut se idiottimaisen tyhmä ja todistuskelvoton vasaran ja sulan tiputus koska vastaava koe on erittäin helppoa tehdä Maassakin.
JAKINBOAS ON TROLLI!
ÄLKÄÄ VASTATKO VEDÄTTÄJÄLLE!
jakinboas itkee..voi pientä..
ihminen siis IHMINEN ei ole käynyt kuun pinnalla..voi olla että siellä on jokin vehje käynyt hakemassa näytetteitä mutta ihminen se ei ole ollut
Se on ollut se pieni salkkarihumanoidi! Eli siis joku harmaa Annunaki.,hmm..eikös tässä olisi uuden salaliittoteorian aihe nyt kun eduskuntavaalitkin ovat takana?
Olisihan se piristävää vaihtelua näille iänikuisille ja loppuunkalutuille kuulentohuijaus,-WTC,-kemikaalivanat etc..salkkariteoriolle.
Mutta hei..nythän on täydenkuun aika joten en siis yhtään ihmettele sitä,että kuuhunlaskeutuminen tuli taas esille.
Aiheesta jatkaakseni,niin tällä viikollahan on myös pääsiäinen joilloin noidat ja trullit ,ei tropon sullit,ovat liikekannalla.
Olisiko siis mahdollista,että ne noidat ja trullit levittäisivät luudilla Kyöpelinvuorelta lentäessään,mukana tietysti kahvipannu ja kissa,ilmakehäämme katalia kemikaaleja....?
Onhan se huvittavaa kun jotkut ihmiset eivät halua uskoa mihinkään.
Eihän toista maailmansotaakaan koskaan käyty.
Kaikki oli kuvitelmaa.
Karjala, Petsamo tai itäinen Salla ei koskaan ole ollut osa Suomea, täysin hulluja ne jotka tuollaista väittää.
Jotkut vielä hullummat väittävät että Suomi olisi muka ollut osa Ruotsia. Eihän se voi olla mitenkään mahdollista.
Ja täysin älyvapaat kertovat että Turussa olisi joskus tehty sinappia, eihän se vain voi olla mahdollista. Täyttä valetta.
Jotain huhuja on siitäkin että Malmilla olisi muka lentokenttä, ei pidä paikkaansa. Siellä on tuleva kerrostaloalue joka on vain joutomaata.
Suomessa ei myöskään koskaan ole ollut markka nimistä valuuttaa, valetta ja petosta väitteet. Suomessa on ollut itsenäisyyden alusta asti käytössä Eurot. Markka oli Saksan valuutta joskus varhais-keskiajalla.