What is violence against women?

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"We talk to women and we ask them, have you experienced violence? They say no. Then we ask, have you ever been slapped? Yes, of course. Have you ever been beaten? Yes, of course. They tend to understand violence as something that requires you to go to hospital."
Women’s activist in Istanbul

Statistical information about the extent of violence against women in Turkey is limited and unreliable. As in many other countries, there have been no concerted efforts to learn its extent. In 1994 there was a public outcry at findings by the Office for the Status of Women that more than 40 per cent of men believed it acceptable to "discipline" women and girls with violence. In the 2000 census, questions about violence against women were not included.

Amnesty International believes that governments’ first measures towards eradicating violence against women should include a comprehensive recording and statistical monitoring of its prevalence, no matter how intractable the problem seems.

Across the world, an estimated one in three women has been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in her lifetime. Usually the abuser is a member of her own family or someone known to her. Between 40 and 70 per cent of murdered women are killed by an intimate partner.(12) A series of small scale studies in Turkey suggest that rates of violence against women could be similar or even higher.

· Of women who rang an emergency telephone help line, 57 per cent had experienced physical violence, 46.9 per cent sexual violence, 14.6 per cent incest, and 8.6 per cent rape.(13)
· A 1995 survey among women living in squatter housing (gecekondu) in the capital, Ankara, found that 97 per cent were assaulted by their husbands.(14)
· A survey of middle and upper-income families in 1996 found that 23 per cent of women said their husbands were violent towards them when initially questioned, but that this figure rose to 71 per cent when they were asked questions about specific types of violence.(15)
· Another study estimated that 58 per cent of women suffered family violence, not only at the hands of husbands, fiancés, boyfriends and brothers, but also the husband’s family, including his female relatives.(16)
· Of a group of middle and upper class women, 63.5 per cent were found to have experienced some form of sexual assault.(17)
· In one study, out of 40 women who suffered violent deaths, 34 died at home, 20 were found hanged or poisoned, 20 showed clear signs of having been murdered, and 10 had experienced family violence before their deaths.(18)
· A survey at community health centres in the city of Bursa, northwest Turkey, found that 59 per cent of women were victims of violence.(19)
· A survey of 1,259 women, conducted by Mor Çati, the Purple Roof Foundation, between 1990 and 1996, found that 88.2 per cent lived in an environment of violence and that 68 per cent were hit by their husbands.(20)
· According to another study of women in Ankara, 64 per cent experienced violence from their husbands, 12 per cent from husbands they had separated from, eight per cent from partners they were living with, and two per cent from their husband’s family. Sixteen per cent said their husbands had raped them.(21)
· A study of 599 women in the southeast found that 51 per cent had experienced marital rape and 57 per cent physical violence.(22)

http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGEUR440132004

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