Chapter 5. Database Introduced THE SAMPLE Asycnhronic Gauges A. Sample size The sample size in this study was alltogether 769 tornadoes. Of these 288 observation was excluded from database during the most of the analyses. This was executed to fullfill the specific research criterias2 of this study. The whole size of the sample was used when specific reseach criterias was not necessary to fullfill3 making 481 tornadoes the sample size for most of the studies. B. Forming the control groups The database was organised to three control groups. The three group is named in this study DATA SAMPLE A, DATA SAMPLE B and DATA SAMPLE C. They consist observations presented in the table below. TABLE 5.1 NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS IN CONTROL GROUPS number of observations DATA SAMPLE A 481 DATA SAMPLE B 326 DATA SAMPLE C 155 DATA SAMPLE A consist all the tornadoes left after excluding observations which happened on a same calendar day4 and year (eg. multiple outbreaks). 4= PLEASE REFER: ”Researc Approach” to get more detailed DATA SAMPLE B Consists tornadoes which did not involve the loss of human lives. DATA SAMPLE C Consists tornadoes which did occurred with casualties (deaths). Data sample C equals with so called ”Killer-Tornadoes”. C. Methods of manipulating control groups The sample size in this study set limitations of analysing data. Analysing in subgroups was limited. Unless specially announced, the frequencies of each variable is divided and analysed in 12 sections4. Splitting this information further by more profiling variables e.g. the fortitude of tornado, the cost effects etc. was not carried through in this study due to the limits of the resources. VARIABLES INTRODUCED Below research variables are introduced to those who are interested of the organisation of the database. The variables used are listed in equivalent order below and the equivalent content in the database is shortly depicted by an example. Also the used numeral or categorical range of the each variable is mentioned. State MD County/District Carroll County Town, Village/Area Gamber Stormtype Tornado (Killer-Tornado) Path Wide (yrds) 350 (0-1000) Path Length (miles/1000)1 2250 (0-135000) Intensity by Fujita Scale F3 (F0-F5) Death Casualties 0 Injured 3 $ Primary material losses $ 5.000.000 Material losses short.depiction ”66 homes were damaged of which 12 were destroyed” (Extract reference in a one sentence) Multiple Outbreaks or Tornadoes on same Calendar Day? 0 (0=no, 2-20 there is equivalent amount of tornadoes on same calendar day) Day of the Week Wednesday (Sunday-Saturday) Hour 1435 (0000-2400) Day 19 (1-31) Month 7 (1-12) Year 1996 ------------ FRAMEWORK VARIABLES1 Part I 1-dimensional level1 Moon 162,04 (0-360)1 Sun 117,20 (0-360) Mercury 126,48 (0-360) Venus 76,56 (0-360) Mars 85,56 (0-360) Jupiter 280,51 (0-360) Saturn 7,24 (0-360) Uranus 302,49 (0-360) Neptune 296,20 (0-360) Pluto 240,27 (0-360) True Node1 190,41 (0-360) Chiron1 189,45 (0-360) PF1 264,19 (0-360) Vertex1 81,42 (0-360) Lilith 122,58 (0-360) Horizon1 219,35 (0-360) Imum Coeli1 317,11 (0-360) 8th cusp1 98,36 (0-360) Mercury Direction D (options: D=Direct, R=retrograde, SD=stationary direct, SR=stationary retrograde) Venus Direction D Mars Direction D Jupiter Direction R Saturn Direction R Uranus Direction R Neptune Direction R Pluto Direction R Chiron Direction D Part II 2-dimensional level1 SunMoon1 44,84 (-360 - 360)1 SunMercury -9,28 (-360 - 360) SunVenus 40,64 (-360 - 360) SunMars 31,64 (-360 - 360) SunJupiter -163,31 (-360 - 360) SunSaturn 109,96 (-360 - 360) SunUranus -185,29 (-360 - 360) SunNeptune -179,00 (-360 - 360) SunPluto -123,07 (-360 - 360) SunTrueNode -73,21 (-360 - 360) SunChiron -72,25 (-360 - 360) SunPF 146,99 (-360 - 360) SunVertex -35,78 (-360 - 360) SunLilith -5,38 (-360 - 360) SunHorizon 102,15 (-360 - 360) SunIC 199,91 (-360 - 360) Sun8thcusp -18,84 (-360 - 360) MoonMercury 35,56 (-360 - 360) MoonVenus 85,48 (-360 - 360) MoonMars 76,48 (-360 - 360) MoonJupiter -118,47 (-360 - 360) MoonSaturn 154,80 (-360 - 360) MoonUranus -140,45 (-360 - 360) MoonNeptune -134,16 (-360 - 360) MoonPluto -78,23 (-360 - 360) MoonTrueNode -28,37 (-360 - 360) MoonChiron -27,41 (-360 - 360) MoonPF # (parasta laskea) (-360 - 360) niin ei tarv selitellŠ MoonVertex -80,62 (-360 - 360) MoonLilith 39,46 (-360 - 360) MoonHorizon 57,31 (-360 - 360) MoonIC 155,07 (-360 - 360) Moon8thcusp -63,68 (-360 - 360) MercuryVenus 49,92 (-360 - 360) MercuryMars 40,92 (-360 - 360) MercuryJupiter -154,03 (-360 - 360) MercurySaturn 119,24 (-360 - 360) MercuryUranus -176,01 (-360 - 360) MercuryNeptune -169,72 (-360 - 360) MercuryPluto -113,79 (-360 - 360) MercuryTrueNode -63,93 (-360 - 360) MercuryChiron -62,97 (-360 - 360) MercuryPF 137,71 (-360 - 360) MercuryVertex -45,06 (-360 - 360) MercuryLilith 3,90 (-360 - 360) MercuryHorizon 92,87 (-360 - 360) MercuryIC 190,63 (-360 - 360) Mercury8thcusp -28,12 (-360 - 360) VenusMars -9,00 (-360 - 360) VenusJupiter -203,95 (-360 - 360) VenusSaturn 69,32 (-360 - 360) VenusUranus -225,93 (-360 - 360) VenusNeptune -219,64 (-360 - 360) VenusPluto -163,71 (-360 - 360) VenusTrueNode -113,85 (-360 - 360) VenusChiron -112,89 (-360 - 360) VenusPF 187,63 (-360 - 360) VenusVertex 4,86 (-360 - 360) VenusLilith -46,02 (-360 - 360) VenusHorizon 142,79 (-360 - 360) VenusIC 240,55 (-360 - 360) Venus8thcusp 21,80 (-360 - 360) Mars Jupiter -194,95 (-360 - 360) MarsSaturn 78,32 (-360 - 360) MarsUranus -216,93 (-360 - 360) MarsNeptune -210,64 (-360 - 360) MarsPluto -154,71 (-360 - 360) MarsTrueNode -104,85 (-360 - 360) MarsChiron -103,89 (-360 - 360) MarsPF 178,63 (-360 - 360) MarsVertex -4,14 (-360 - 360) MarsLilith -37,02 (-360 - 360) MarsHorizon 133,79 (-360 - 360) MarsIC 231,55 (-360 - 360) Mars8thcusp 12,80 (-360 - 360) 1= Please refer ”TERMS EXPLAINED” 3. Background variables reviewed TORNADOES IN TIME The oldest observation in this study is from 1807, the newest from 2003. 78% of the observations are post 1950`s. 17% is from 1900 to 1950. 5% of the data is collected from 19th century. MONTH Nearly half of the tornadoes in this study occurred in typical rush time of Spring: March, April and May. In the table below the tornado observation is listed through out the year TABLE 3.1 TORNADO FREQUENCY BY MONTH JANUARY 35 5% FEBRUARY 44 6% MARCH 103 13% APRIL 119 15% MAY 147 19% JUNE 66 9% JULY 57 7% AUGUST 37 5% SEPTEMBER 37 5% OCTOBER 36 5% NOVEMBER 66 9% DECEMBER 22 3% DAY OF THE WEEK TABLE 3.2 TORNADO FREQUENCY BY WEEKDAY Count: Percent: Sunday 119 17 % Monday 100 14 % Tuesday 76 11 % Wednesday 86 13 % Thursday 109 16 % Friday 104 15 % Saturday 93 14 % TIME OF THE DAY The ”rush hours” for tornadoes exist according to this study materiel. ”Rush hours” seems to be the two hours period6 of 1600 to 1800 which took nearly 22% share of all tornadoes. That is 2,60 time above the average. 6=* Please refer ”Speculations” 551 observation out of total 739 measured with precise clock time occurred during the hours of 1200-2200. That is 75% of tornado occurring during the 10 hours. This period would seem to have some meaning according this study while probability tornado occurrence is 1,8 times higher than would be the average. (tavalaan tarpeeton printaus vaiheessa voit pyyhkiŠ) Correspondingly during the early hours to morning (from midnight to 9 am.) tornadoes took the share of only 14,6% which were 0,39 times less than would be the normal average. Below the frequencies and percentages is reported by hour. TABLE 3.3. TORNADO FREQUENCY BY HOUR time Count Percent 1 0 100 12 1,6% 2 100 200 19 2,6% 3 200 300 18 2,4% 4 300 400 15 2,0% 5 400 500 9 1,2% 6 500 600 13 1,8% 7 600 700 10 1,3% 8 700 800 6 0,8% 9 800 900 7 0,9% 10 900 1000 11 1,5% 11 1000 1100 6 0,8% 12 1100 1200 24 3,2% 13 1200 1300 39 5,3% 14 1300 1400 34 4,6% 15 1400 1500 45 6,1% 16 1500 1600 70 9,5% 17 1600 1700 78 10,5% 18 1700 1800 82 11,1% 19 1800 1900 60 8,1% 20 1900 2000 63 8,5% 21 2000 2100 49 6,6% 22 2100 2200 31 4,2% 23 2200 2300 17 2,3% 24 2300 2400 21 2,8% FUJITA-SCALE The coded data of Fujita scale was available for 552 tornadoes.In below table the intensity of tornadoes in this study is listed. TABLE 3.4. TORNADO INTENSITY BY FUJITA-SCALE count: percentage: F0 82 14,85% F1 136 24,64% F2 219 39,67% F3 75 13,59% F4 34 6,16% F5 6 1,08% KILLER-TORNADOES 34% of tornadoes in this study was killer tornadoes, meaning they affected the loss of a human life. This was the DATA SAMPLE C. In the below is table which details the Killer-tornadoes by giving information of lives lost. TABLE 3.5. KILLERTORNADOES BY LOSS OF LIFE casualties percentage: 1 person loss 46% 2 persons loss 16% 3 persons loss 9% 4-10 person loss 12% > 10 person loss 17% Note* Maximum amount of loss of life as well as injuries with single tornado day outburst of tornado was 695 person (with injured 2027). REFERENCES: 1 2 3 4 To notice. Dividing the frequency to 12 subgroups is equivalent to the 12 ”signs” of astrology. In the table below the Sections and Astrological sings are introduced. 5 6 7 4. OBSERVATIONS 4.1 States in this study Table below presents all the states in alphabetical order and the frequency of tornadoes which were included in this study. TABLE 4.1 STATES IN THIS STUDY2 (TARKASTA osavaltiot lyhenteet ovat oikein, kun kerran haet kansalaisuutta..vai menikš pupu pšksyyn, jos meni niin millŠ peruteella on syytŠ muuttaa mielensŠ?, ajelhetimineko auttaisi elŠmŠssŠ?) observations ALABAMA (AL) 301 ARKANSAS (AR) 14 ARIZONA (AZ) 1 FLORIDA (FL) 7 GEORGIA (GA) 10 ILLINOIS (IL) 9 INDIANA (IN) 2 KANSAS (KS) 5 KENTUCKY (KY) 7 LOUSIANA (LA) 4 MARYLAND (MD) 121 MICHIGAN? (MI) 2 MINNESOTA (MN) 4 MISSOURI???? (MO) 12 MISSISSIPPI?? (MS) 9 NORTH CAROLINA (NC) 3 NORTH DAKOTA (ND) 1 NEBRASKA (NE) 1 NEW JERSEY (NJ) 1 NEW MEXICO (NM) 1 OHIO (OH) 6 OKLAHOMA (OK) 77 PENNSYLAVNIA (PA) 2 SOUT CAROLINA? (SC) 4 SOUTH DAKOTA? (SD) 3 TENNESSEE (TN) 17 TEXAS (TX) 16 UTAH (UT) 2 VIRGINIA (VA) 81 WEST-VIRGINIA 1 ??WISCONSIN (WI) 2 5. LIMITATIONS OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION While some states like Maryland listed tornadoes extensively with a lot of sensible information this was not the usual case while obtaining the information from internet. Accordingly background variables could be used occasionally not in organised matter. Regrettably rare were the cases when the instant damages could have been estimated in dollars, which would have been one of the most objective variables for a measurement. (jatko tarpeetonta) REFERNCES 2=appendix The removed tornadoes represented those which occurred on a same calendar day while my research apporach kept it important that there would become only one observation to each calendar day avoiding all possible biases when reseraching General Tornado Theory with SLOW GAUGES being in key position in a such fundamental perspective which is a pilot reaserch. 4= To notice. Dividing the frequency to 12 subgroups is equivalent to the 12 ”signs” of astrology. In the table below the Sections and Astrological signs are introduced. As well the datafile can be divided by any amount of sequences up to which sample size provides
2= Below table includes all tornadoes, including multiple outbreaks and overlapped days
2= Below table includes all tornadoes, including multiple outbreaks and overlapped days
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