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http://www.itc.nl/personal/coalfire/photos/overview.html
The burning problem - A short introduction
Overview
Coal fires as a natural hazard exist in many places where coal is available in a specific amount. They can occur either within the coal seams themselves or in stock piles and overburden dumps on the surface. These are remains from mining excavations and have a high content of carbon.
There are more and larger burning areas originated by coal fires than the public may imagine. As a natural hazard they can occur in many places where coal is available in a greater amount. Especially in coal producing countries such as China, India, Indonesia and other developing countries, underground and surface coal fires are a serious and widespread problem. In China's coalfields, where we have made much effort to detect, measure and monitor underground coal fires, fires are spread over the northern part of the country.
Coal fires have not only been a problem since the start of coal mining. We have gathered geological evidence that some fires were burning several hundred thousand years ago. It is believed, however, that their number has increased continuously since the beginning of extensive coal exploration. The factors causing coal fires are manifold, but they all can be attributed to the coals ability to react with oxygen. Spontaneous combustion is thereby one of the main coal fire causes.
However, during the past, little attention was paid to the serious economic and environmental problems that are involved with coal fires. A reason for the ignorance can be found in underestimation of the hazards both at national and international level. Today coal fires are mainly under control in developed countries, but effective techniques for fire fighting are missing in newly industrializing countries.
http://www.itc.nl/personal/coalfire/photos/overview.html
The burning problem - A short introduction
Overview
Coal fires as a natural hazard exist in many places where coal is available in a specific amount. They can occur either within the coal seams themselves or in stock piles and overburden dumps on the surface. These are remains from mining excavations and have a high content of carbon.
There are more and larger burning areas originated by coal fires than the public may imagine. As a natural hazard they can occur in many places where coal is available in a greater amount. Especially in coal producing countries such as China, India, Indonesia and other developing countries, underground and surface coal fires are a serious and widespread problem. In China's coalfields, where we have made much effort to detect, measure and monitor underground coal fires, fires are spread over the northern part of the country.
Coal fires have not only been a problem since the start of coal mining. We have gathered geological evidence that some fires were burning several hundred thousand years ago. It is believed, however, that their number has increased continuously since the beginning of extensive coal exploration. The factors causing coal fires are manifold, but they all can be attributed to the coals ability to react with oxygen. Spontaneous combustion is thereby one of the main coal fire causes.
However, during the past, little attention was paid to the serious economic and environmental problems that are involved with coal fires. A reason for the ignorance can be found in underestimation of the hazards both at national and international level. Today coal fires are mainly under control in developed countries, but effective techniques for fire fighting are missing in newly industrializing countries.
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