Darwininsirkut ja koirarodut

Määrittele laji- ja rotu-sanojen täsmällinen merkitys.

Jaahas, teit taas aloituksen aiheesta jossa sait jo turpaasi, no laitetaan muistutukseksi omasta linkistäsi löytynyttä materiaalia:



When comparing DNA or protein sequences, the study of their similarities and differences at the molecular level reflects the millions of years of evolution from their common ancestors

as finches species diverged from a common ancestor, the methylation patterns also got more and more different, whereas the CNVs remained more or less the same. This particular variations of epigenetic marks paralleled the branching of finch species into phenotypically different adaptations (the shape of the beak has always been the most famous and obvious feature to pay attention to). To gain insight into the possible functional relevance of this finding, the researchers analyzed the presence of this epigenetic variations in particular molecular pathways; interestingly enough, the regions with the highest frequency of variation for methylation patches were always located in the vicinities of genes associated with avian evolution (for instance, some of those genes have been related with the bone morphogenetic process of the beak development).

Luepas bible tämä erityisen tarkkaan:

Epigenetic modifications are, in the end, no more than another kind of genetic variance; they sum up to the rest of origins of variation for gene expression, and must be fixed by natural selection, during generations, always under the influence of the environment.

Following these evidences, some scientists are claiming that the role of epigenetic modifications in evolution is more important that initially thought 2. But the notion is not as revolutionary as it may seem; genetic changes have always been known to be affected by the environment. Gene expression is subjected to changes in the exterior, and the way a cell responds depends always in its genetic programing, which by the way, includes its epigenetic patterns (the proteins that modify epigenetic marks are also coded into the genome)

The very same paper we have just reviewed today is being raised by the defenders of intelligent design as the definitive proof that the actual theory of evolution is wrong. They see in epigenetic mechanisms a way to explain the Earth’s diversity that permits the assumption that all animals on our planet were created independently, not deriving from previous ancestors after millions of years of change accumulation. In all, this is a nice example of the differences between science and faith; taking a series of facts and adapting them to a previously assumed scenario, instead of collecting information and asking opposite questions in order to find which answer supports the observed data.

Eli taas kerran bibbeli valehtelee. Tuo artikkeli EI kyseenalaista lajiutumista, EI kyseenalaista evoluutiota, EI kyseenalaista satunnaisia muutoksia, EI pidä epigenetiikkaa minään muuna kuin normaalina geneettisenä vaihteluna. Sen sijaan se KYSEENALAISTAA VAHVASTI KREATIONISMIN JA KUTSUU SITÄ PSEUDOTIETEEKSI. Kyllä hävettäisi olla bibbeli. Muuten, se metyyliaatio säätelee DNAn transkriptiota ja vaikutta nin DNAn rakenteeseen. Eli bibbeli todistaa taas itse etä evoluutiota tapahtuu.

Onhan se muuten hauskaa, että bibbeli itse määrittelee ihmisen yhdeksi apinaroduksi...

Tässä vielä listaa eläimistä suvuittain, jotka ovat samaa lajia. Ne voivat siis saada lisääntymiskykyisiä jälkeläisiä:

Genus: Canis: wolf, coyote, dingo, jackal, domestic dog

Genus: Cepaea: white-lipped snail and grove snail

Genus: Lynx: canadian lynx and bobcat

Genus: Larus: herring gull and american herring gull

Genus: Rattus: brown rat and black rat

Genus: Anser: canada goose and greylag goose (supposedly there is a lot of hybridization among ducks, geese and swan)

Genus: Volpes: red fox and kit fox

Genus: Bos: european (or domestic) cattle, zebu, yaks, banteng, gaur, bison (bison is actually considered a different Genera, Genus: Bison. The hybrid is called a Beefalo or Cattalo)

Genus: Pongo: Sumatran orangutan and Borneo orangutan

Genus: Capra: Spanish ibex, Alpine ibex, Nubian ibex, Siberian ibex, Walia ibex, West Caucasian Tur, East Caucasian Tur, Wild Goat, Markhor

Genus: Sus: Domestic Pig, Wild Boar, Bearded Pig, Indo-Chinese Warty Pig, Visayan Warty Pig, Celebes Warty Pig, Flores Warty Pig, (there are 91 species that can supposedly all interbreed not only at the species level but at the family level which includes the Genera: Babirusa, Giant Forest Hog, Wart Hog, Pygmy Hog, Bushpigs, Pigs)

Genus: Chrysolophus: Golden Pheasant and Lady Amherst’s Pheasant

Family: Delphinidae: Bottle Nose Dolphin (Genus: Tursiops) and False Killer Whale (Genus: Pseudorca) This hybrid is called a Wholphin.

Genus: Ursus: Brown Bear and Grizzly Bear, Brown Bear and Polar Bear, Kodiak Bear and Grizzly Bear, Sloth Bear and Malayan Sun Bear, Sloth Bear and Asiatic Black Bear.

Genus: Tragelphus: Bongo and Sitatunga; Lesser Kudu and Sitatunga; Eland and Greater Kudu

Genus: Cephalophus: Blue Duiker and Maxwell's Duiker; Bay Duiker and Red-flanked Duiker; Bay Duiker and Zebra Duiker; Black Duiker and Kaffir Duiker

Genus: Damaliscus: Bontebok and Blesbok, Cape Hartebeest (Genus: Alcelaphus)and Blesbok

Genus: Connochaetes: Black Wildebeest and Blue Wildebeest

Genus: Kobus: Common Waterbuck and Defassa Waterbuck; Defassa Waterbuck and Nile Lechwe; Defassa Waterbuck and Kob; Nile Lechwe and Kob; Kafue Lechwe and Ellipsen Waterbuck

Genus: Gazella: Red-fronted Gazelle and Thomson's Gazelle; Grant's Gazelle and Thomson's Gazelle; Thomson's Gazelle and Roosevelt's Gazelle; Slender-horned Gazelle and Persian Goitered Gazelle; Persian Gazelle and Blackbuck; Cuvier's Gazelle and Slender-horned Gazelle

Genus: Oryx: Beisa Oryx and Fringe-eared Oryx; Beisa Oryx and Gemsbok; Arabian Oryx and Scimitar-horned Oryx

Genus: Cervus: Elk and Red Deer; Red Deer and Sika Deer

Genus: Crocodylus: American Crocodile and Cuban Crocodile; Siamese Crocodile and Estuarine Crocodile; Siamese Crocodile and Cuban Crocodile; Cuban Crocodile and Nile Crocodile, Cuban Crocodile and Indian Mugger.

Family: Colubridae: California Kingsnake (Genus: Lampropeltis) and Corn Snake (Genus: Elaphe)

Genus: Lampropeltis: California Kingsnake and Pueblan Milk Snake; Nelson's Milk Snake and Mexicana King Snake;